童隨陽(yáng) ,夏豪 ,王欣, 李磊 ,王慧, 黃丹
氨基末端B型利鈉肽原與非糖尿病急性心肌梗死合并應(yīng)激性高血糖相關(guān)性研究*
童隨陽(yáng) ,夏豪 ,王欣, 李磊 ,王慧, 黃丹
目的:探討氨基末端B型利鈉肽原(NT-proBNP)與非糖尿病急性心肌梗死(AMI)合并應(yīng)激性高血糖相關(guān)性。
方法:選取2012-02至2014-05在我院心內(nèi)科住院診斷為非糖尿病AMI的患者327例,按空腹血糖水平分為非糖尿病AMI合并應(yīng)激性高血糖組(應(yīng)激組)182例和非糖尿病AMI未合并應(yīng)激性高血糖組(非應(yīng)激組)145例。統(tǒng)計(jì)患者基本臨床資料及入院24 h內(nèi)實(shí)驗(yàn)室檢查、超聲心動(dòng)圖及24小時(shí)動(dòng)態(tài)心電圖檢查結(jié)果,并記錄住院2周內(nèi)心律失常、心力衰竭、心原性休克、心原性猝死等主要不良心血管事件發(fā)生率,分析NT-proBNP與非糖尿病AMI合并應(yīng)激性高血糖的相關(guān)性。
結(jié)果:年齡、性別、高血壓史、吸煙史、飲酒史、總膽固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白膽固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白膽固醇(LDL-C)在應(yīng)激組和非應(yīng)激組之間比較差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義( P<0.05),NT-proBNP、肌酸激酶MB同工酶(CK-MB)、肌紅蛋白(MYO)、超敏肌鈣蛋白I(ultra-TnI)、丙氨酸氨基轉(zhuǎn)氨酶(ALT)、天門冬氨酸氨基轉(zhuǎn)移酶(AST)、血糖(Glu)在應(yīng)激組和非應(yīng)激組之間比較差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義( P<0.01)。NT-proBNP與ultra-TnI呈正相關(guān)(r2=0.811,P<0.01)。應(yīng)激組主要心血管不良事件發(fā)生率明顯高于非應(yīng)激組( P<0.05);左心室射血分?jǐn)?shù)(LVEF) 明顯低于非應(yīng)激組( P<0.01);左心室舒張末期內(nèi)徑(LVDd)、左心室收縮末期內(nèi)徑(LVDs)明顯高于非應(yīng)激組( P<0.01),差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
結(jié)論:NT-proBNP水平可以判斷非糖尿病AMI合并應(yīng)激性高血糖患者病情危重程度,并對(duì)近期預(yù)后做出評(píng)估。
氨基末端B型利鈉肽原;急性心肌梗死;應(yīng)激性高血糖;相關(guān)性
Methods: A total of 327 non-diabetic AMⅠ patients treated in our hospital from 2012-02 to 2014-05 were studied. The patients were divided into 2 groups according to fasting blood glucose level: Stress group, the patients with blood glucose ≥7.0 mmol/L, n=182 and Non-stress group, the patients with blood glucose < 7.0 mmol/L, n=145. The basic clinical condition, laboratory tests within 24 hours of onsets, echocardiography and 24 h dynamic electrocardiogram were examined; the incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) including arrhythmia, heart failure, cardiac shock and sudden cardiac death in 2 weeks of onsets were analyzed and compared between 2 groups.
Results: The patients’ age, gender, history of hypertension, smoking, drinking, and blood levels of TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C were similar between 2 groups, P>0.05. Plasma levels of NT-proBNP, CK-MB, MYO, ultra-TnⅠ, ALT, AST and blood glucose level were significantly different between 2 groups P<0.01. NT-proBNP level was positively related to
ultra-TnⅠ (r2= 0.811, r=0.901, P<0.01). Stress group presented obviously higher incidence of MACE (P<0.05), lower LVEF (P<0.01), and significantly increased left ventricular end diastolic diameter, left ventricular end systolic diameter (P<0.01) than those in Non-stress group.
Conclusion: Plasma levels of NT-proBNP may judge the severity and evaluate recent prognosis in patients with nondiabetic AMⅠ combining stress hyperglycemia, it could be used as a risk indicator for relevant patients in clinical practice.
(Chinese Circulation Journal, 2015,30:9.)
急性心肌梗死(AMI)是指急性心肌缺血性壞死,大多是在冠狀動(dòng)脈(冠脈)病變基礎(chǔ)上,發(fā)生冠脈血供急劇減少或中斷,相應(yīng)的心肌嚴(yán)重而持久的急性缺血所致,是心血管病患者死亡的首要原因[1]。本病既往在歐美發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家常見,美國(guó)35~84歲人群中年發(fā)病率男性為71‰,女性為22‰,每年約有150萬(wàn)人發(fā)生AMI,45萬(wàn)人再次發(fā)生AMI。在我國(guó),本病雖不如歐美多見,但近年來(lái)的數(shù)據(jù)表明其發(fā)病率也在逐漸升高[2]。應(yīng)激性高血糖(SHG)為機(jī)體在應(yīng)激狀態(tài)下通過(guò)神經(jīng)、體液調(diào)節(jié)機(jī)制引起血糖升高的一種保護(hù)性生理反應(yīng),但高血糖可加重冠脈病變,導(dǎo)致缺血心肌細(xì)胞壞死擴(kuò)大并增加病死率,是心血管疾病并發(fā)癥及死亡的獨(dú)立危險(xiǎn)因素[3]。腦利鈉肽(BNP)主要由心室肌細(xì)胞分泌的一種心臟神經(jīng)激素,當(dāng)心室肌細(xì)胞受到牽拉刺激時(shí)就會(huì)以腦利鈉肽前體(proBNP)的形式合成并釋放,最后裂解為氨基末端B型利鈉肽原(NT-proBNP)[4],具有擴(kuò)張血管、利尿利鈉、抑制交感神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)活性的功能[5]。血漿NT-proBNP在診斷心力衰竭及評(píng)價(jià)心力衰竭患者的預(yù)后價(jià)值的重要性已得到證實(shí)[6]。最近的研究表明,BNP還與心肌缺血關(guān)系密切,且BNP水平與冠心病患者預(yù)后獨(dú)立相關(guān)[7]。本研究旨在觀察非糖尿病AMI并發(fā)應(yīng)激性高血糖患者血漿NT-proBNP水平的變化,探討血漿NT-proBNP與非糖尿病AMI合并應(yīng)激性高血糖相關(guān)性。
資料:選取2012-02至2014-05在我院心內(nèi)科住院診斷為非糖尿病AMI的患者327例,按空腹血糖水平分為兩組: 非糖尿病AMI合并應(yīng)激性高血糖組(應(yīng)激組,空腹血糖≥7.0 mmol/L或隨機(jī)血糖≥11.1mmol/L)182例和非糖尿病AMI未合并應(yīng)激性高血糖組(非應(yīng)激組,空腹血糖<7.0 mmol/L) 145例。入選患者無(wú)前期糖尿病史,糖化血紅蛋白(HbA1c)<6. 5%。其急性冠脈綜合征(ACS)診斷符合美國(guó)心臟病學(xué)會(huì)/美國(guó)心臟病協(xié)會(huì)(ACC/AHA)關(guān)于ACS的診斷和治療指南。排除心功能不全者、肝腎功能不全者;冠心病、糖尿病、心肌梗死病史及其他心臟病者如擴(kuò)張型心肌病、瓣膜性心臟病等;有嚴(yán)重感染、外傷、腫瘤、結(jié)締組織病、血液疾病、電解質(zhì)代謝紊亂、甲狀腺疾病、慢性阻塞性肺疾病、肺動(dòng)脈栓塞等患者。本研究經(jīng)過(guò)醫(yī)院倫理委員會(huì)通過(guò),所有入選對(duì)象均知情同意并簽署知情同意書。
方法:所有入選對(duì)象入院后均進(jìn)行全面的病史詢問(wèn)、體格檢查并記錄年齡、性別、高血壓史、糖尿病史、吸煙史、飲酒史。于入院后2小時(shí)內(nèi)仰臥位、靜息(>30 min) 狀態(tài)下抽取肘靜脈血3 ml,加入預(yù)冷的含抑肽酶(500 U/ml)和30 μ l 10%乙二胺四乙酸的真空抗凝玻璃試管中,30 min內(nèi)離心(3000 r/ min)10 min,取上清液。采用酶聯(lián)免疫吸附分析法(ELISA)檢測(cè)血漿NT-proBNP含量,采用化學(xué)發(fā)光免疫測(cè)定法測(cè)定血漿肌酸激酶MB同工酶(CK-MB)、肌紅蛋白(MYO)、超敏肌鈣蛋白I(ultra-TnI)含量。入院第2日清晨空腹時(shí),采取靜脈血檢測(cè)血常規(guī)、血糖、血脂及肝、腎功能。檢測(cè)是由武漢大學(xué)人民醫(yī)院醫(yī)學(xué)檢驗(yàn)中心熟練檢驗(yàn)師進(jìn)行檢測(cè)。記錄入選患者的一般資料,包括年齡、性別、高血壓史、糖尿病史、吸煙史、飲酒史、NT-proBNP、CK-MB、MYO、ultra-TnI、血常規(guī)、血糖、血脂及肝、腎功能,并記錄住院1周內(nèi)超聲心動(dòng)圖、心電圖檢查結(jié)果及住院2周內(nèi)惡性心律失常、心力衰竭、心原性休克、心原性猝死等主要不良心血管事件發(fā)生率。
兩組研究對(duì)象一般臨床資料比較 : 年齡、性別、高血壓病史、吸煙史、飲酒史、膽固醇、甘油三酯、高密度脂蛋白膽固醇、低密度脂蛋白膽固醇在應(yīng)激組和非應(yīng)激組之間比較差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義,NT-proBNP、CK-MB、MYO、ultra-TnI、丙氨酸氨基轉(zhuǎn)氨酶、天門冬氨酸氨基轉(zhuǎn)移酶、血糖在應(yīng)激組和非應(yīng)激組間比較差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義( P<0.01)。表1。
表1 兩組患者一般臨床資料比較
表1 兩組患者一般臨床資料比較
注:NT-proBNP: 氨基末端B型利鈉肽原 CK-MB:肌酸激酶MB同工酶MYO:肌紅蛋白 ultra-TnI:超敏肌鈣蛋白I ALT:丙氨酸氨基轉(zhuǎn)氨酶 AST:天門冬氨酸氨基轉(zhuǎn)移酶 Glu:血糖 TC:總膽固醇 TG:甘油三酯 HDL-C:高密度脂蛋白膽固醇 LDL-C:低密度脂蛋白膽固醇
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應(yīng)激組與非應(yīng)激組主要心血管不良事件發(fā)生率及心功能參數(shù)比較:應(yīng)激組惡性心律失常、心力衰竭、心原性休克的發(fā)生率明顯高于非應(yīng)激組( P<0.05);左心室射血分?jǐn)?shù)(LVEF)明顯低于非應(yīng)激組( P<0.01);左心室舒張末期內(nèi)徑(LVDd)、左心室收縮末期內(nèi)徑(LVDs)明顯高于非應(yīng)激組(P<0.01)。表2
表2 兩組主要心血管不良事件發(fā)生率及心功能參數(shù)比較
表2 兩組主要心血管不良事件發(fā)生率及心功能參數(shù)比較
注:與非應(yīng)激組比較*P<0.05**P<0.01。LVEF:左心室射血分?jǐn)?shù) LVDd:左心室舒張末期內(nèi)徑 LVDs:左心室收縮末期內(nèi)徑
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NT-proBNP和ultra-TnI水平相關(guān)性分析:非糖尿病AMI合并應(yīng)激性高血糖患者NT-proBNP與ultra-TnI水平呈正相關(guān)( r2=0.811,P<0.01)。圖1
圖1 氨基末端B型利鈉肽原水平和超敏肌鈣蛋白I的相關(guān)性
AMI常因冠脈粥樣硬化斑塊破裂或糜爛誘發(fā)血栓形成或血管痙攣,引起心肌供氧量突然減少所致的嚴(yán)重心肌缺血事件[8]。BNP是屬于利鈉肽家族中的一員,由32個(gè)氨基酸組成的多肽,在心室容積擴(kuò)張或壓力負(fù)荷增加時(shí),主要從心室中分泌的一種內(nèi)分泌激素,具有利尿利鈉、舒張外周血管、降低血壓減輕心臟負(fù)荷、抗心肌纖維化作用、抑制交感神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)及腎素—血管緊張素—醛固酮系統(tǒng)(RAAS)系統(tǒng)活性的功能[9]。在心力衰竭時(shí)血漿BNP的分泌明顯增高,已作為臨床診斷心力衰竭的血清標(biāo)記物,此外血漿BNP被作為心肌缺血的預(yù)測(cè)因子已被愈來(lái)愈多的人所接受[10]。AMI合并應(yīng)激性高血糖是全身應(yīng)激反應(yīng)的表現(xiàn),其可能機(jī)制為:應(yīng)激刺激傳導(dǎo)至下丘腦,引起神經(jīng)內(nèi)分泌系統(tǒng)全面激活,使兒茶酚胺、糖皮質(zhì)激素、生長(zhǎng)激素、胰高血糖素等分泌增加,促進(jìn)糖原分解和糖異生,并抑制胰島素分泌而使血糖升高[11]。兒茶酚胺類激素釋放過(guò)多,血管過(guò)度收縮,胰島供血不足,導(dǎo)致胰島素分泌不足,從而使血糖升高[12]。AMI時(shí)炎性腫瘤壞死因子-α(TNF-α)分泌增加,引起胰島素與受體結(jié)合及結(jié)合后信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)途徑異常,從而導(dǎo)致胰島素抵抗,使胰島素分泌相對(duì)不足而致血糖升高[13]。AMI合并應(yīng)激性高血糖是機(jī)體的一種自我保護(hù)性應(yīng)激反應(yīng),適度血糖增加可對(duì)心肌細(xì)胞的損傷起到一定的防御作用,其可改善梗死周圍組織的能量供應(yīng),有利于組織修復(fù)[14]。而過(guò)度應(yīng)激時(shí)可使心率增快,心肌收縮力增強(qiáng),心
肌耗氧量增加,加重了心肌缺血,使心肌壞死范圍增大,并可出現(xiàn)心肌細(xì)胞致顫閾值的降低,使致死性心律失常、心力衰竭等不良反應(yīng)的發(fā)生率升高[15]。高血糖可快速抑制內(nèi)皮依賴性血管舒張功能,增加血液黏度,加重微循環(huán)障礙和心肌細(xì)胞水腫,導(dǎo)致梗死面積增大[16]。應(yīng)激性高血糖時(shí)兒茶酚胺分泌增加,心率增快,心肌耗氧量增加,同時(shí)外周血管收縮,微循環(huán)灌注減少加重組織缺氧,容量負(fù)荷相對(duì)過(guò)重,導(dǎo)致心室受到明顯牽拉,使血漿BNP明顯升高[17]。高血糖使胰島素分泌相對(duì)不足,脂肪分解加速,游離脂肪酸增多,游離脂肪酸能使損傷的心肌耗氧量增高,收縮力減弱,致泵衰竭,室壁張力增加從而導(dǎo)致心室肌細(xì)胞大量分泌血漿BNP[18]。非糖尿病AMI患者應(yīng)激性高血糖的出現(xiàn)預(yù)示其以后出現(xiàn)充血性心力衰竭及死亡風(fēng)險(xiǎn)明顯增加[19]。AMI后早期血糖增高,其可作為判斷患者病情嚴(yán)重程度和預(yù)后的一項(xiàng)指標(biāo)[20]。血漿NT-proBNP無(wú)生物活性,其在血漿中較穩(wěn)定,且與BNP濃度有很好的一致性,較BNP更便于臨床應(yīng)用[21]。
本研究結(jié)果提示血漿NT-proBNP水平可以判斷非糖尿病AMI合并應(yīng)激性高血糖患者病情危重程度,并對(duì)近期預(yù)后做出評(píng)估,且血漿NT-proBNP水平可作為判斷非糖尿病AMI合并應(yīng)激性高血糖患者危險(xiǎn)性的指標(biāo)。AMI患者伴發(fā)應(yīng)激性高血糖(SHG)是普遍現(xiàn)象,其通過(guò)多種機(jī)制影響AMI患者的近遠(yuǎn)期不良心血管事件的發(fā)生率及病死率,對(duì)于合并應(yīng)激性高血糖的AMI患者,合理的降糖治療使血糖控制在理想水平并保持在穩(wěn)定的范圍,對(duì)于降低不良心血管事件的發(fā)生有著重要意義。
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Correlation Study of Plasma Level NT-ProBNP in Patients With Non-diabetic Acute Myocardial Infarction Combining Stress Hyperglycemia
TONG Sui-yang, XⅠA Hao, WANG Xin, LⅠ Lei, WANG Hui, HUANG Dan.
Department of Cardiology, Wuhan University People’s Hospital, Wuhan (430060), Hubei, China
Objective: To explore the correlation of plasma level N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) in patients with non-diabetic acute myocardial infarction (AMⅠ) combining stress hyperglycemia.
N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide; Acute myocardial infarction; Stress hyperglycemia; Correlation
2014-06-27)
(編輯:常文靜)
國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金(81270184)
430060 湖北省武漢市,武漢大學(xué)人民醫(yī)院 心內(nèi)科
童隨陽(yáng) 碩士研究生 研究方向?yàn)楣谛牟』A(chǔ)和臨床及介入心臟病學(xué) Email: tongsuiyang@126.com 通訊作者:夏豪 Email:xiahao1966@163.com
R54
A
1000-3614(2015)01-0009-04
10.3969/j.issn.1000-3614.2015.01.004