北固樓，鎮(zhèn)江，江蘇，中國(guó)

Beigu Tower, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China, 2012

1 北固山頂立面展開圖/Elevation of Beigu Hilltop

2 北固樓南立面/South elevation of Beigu Tower

3 北固樓首層平面/Floor 0 plan of Beigu Tower

項(xiàng)目信息/Credits and Data

項(xiàng)目負(fù)責(zé)/Project Architect: 陳薇/CHEN Wei

設(shè)計(jì)團(tuán)隊(duì)/Design Team: 陳薇，賈亭立，是霏/CHEN Wei, JIA Tingli, SHI Fei

結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)/Structural Design: 孫遜/SUN Xun

水電設(shè)計(jì)/Hydroelectric Design: 吳雁，范大勇/WU Yan, FAN Dayong

攝影/Photos: 是霏/SHI Fei

“何處望神州？滿眼風(fēng)光北固樓”，是宋代詞人辛棄疾在《南鄉(xiāng)子 京口北固亭懷古》中留下的詩(shī)句，其意境之曠達(dá)和高遠(yuǎn)令人向往。曾經(jīng)米芾題匾“天下江山第一樓”，更使得北固樓盛名天下。后世變化，樓無(wú)蹤跡。本項(xiàng)目選址于江蘇鎮(zhèn)江北固山巔中心處，為國(guó)家風(fēng)景名勝區(qū)內(nèi)的重建標(biāo)志性景觀建筑，旨在提高北固山的神采與文化內(nèi)涵。

建筑設(shè)計(jì)特色主要表現(xiàn)在因地制宜、神采表達(dá)、結(jié)構(gòu)創(chuàng)新3方面。

1）原山頂用地局促，現(xiàn)存建筑緊鄰挾持，難以凸顯樓的核心地位和雄偉氣勢(shì)。設(shè)計(jì)中在山頂臨江一側(cè)將平臺(tái)伸出，使北固樓雄踞江岸，平添氣勢(shì)，同時(shí)滿足了樓的使用需求，增加了景觀層次，并形成前敞院、后觀覽的合理格局。

2）創(chuàng)新宋式樓閣，樓3層，下為重檐，頂層單檐歇山加南北向出，山輪廓形態(tài)豐富，成為各視線下均變化俏美又端莊大方的標(biāo)志性建筑。副階與周圍廊院結(jié)合貫通，環(huán)境宜人，利于活動(dòng)；暗層主要解決結(jié)構(gòu)問(wèn)題又在形象上銜接上下；頂層面積縮小而使樓閣峻拔，采用側(cè)腳與生起，加上脊飾、鋪?zhàn)?、門窗扇、平座等的樣、造、作的推敲設(shè)計(jì)，創(chuàng)造出穩(wěn)重而挺拔、簡(jiǎn)潔而豐富、古拙而秀美的風(fēng)韻和意味。

3）針對(duì)傳統(tǒng)木結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)，主要木構(gòu)均用榫卯構(gòu)造以保證木構(gòu)架的整體性。但由于樓閣位于山頂，暗層用新型板材替代墻體，而樓層窗下墻局部增加金屬網(wǎng)以加強(qiáng)整體剛度，解決山頂建筑整體抗風(fēng)的要求。

北固樓建成后，成為鎮(zhèn)江沿江標(biāo)志性建筑，同時(shí)與東南大學(xué)杜順寶教授設(shè)計(jì)的多景樓及整體環(huán)境一起，構(gòu)成形勢(shì)生動(dòng)、值景而生的江川圖畫。

"Where is the Divine Land? An eyeful scenery of Beigu Tower" (Nostalgic Meditation on Jingkou Beigu Pavilion in the Tune of Nanxiangzi), the Songpoet XIN Qiji's broad-minded and high-spirited verses still resonate today. The plaque inscription "First Tower of the World" by MI Fu has embellished the fame of Beigu Tower even more. Yet centuries of vicissitudes have erased all traces of the original building. Sited at the center of the Beigu hilltop in Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, the rebuilt landmark building aims to increase the spiritual vitality and cultural significance of Beigu Hill National Scenic Area.

The characteristics of the design are mainly embodied in three aspects: site-specific measures, spiritual expression, and structural innovation. 1) The original hilltop lot with its existing buildings was rather cramped, where the tower's core status and magnificent manner hardly stood out. In the design, the riverside hilltop terrace is extended to give commanding prominence to the Beigu Tower over the riverbank, while fulfilling the tower's functional needs, increasing scenic depth, and forming a logical layout with open forecourt and spectacular background. 2) The neo-Song style tower has 3 levels, with lower double eaves and a crowning hip and gable roof, whose profile is further enriched by gables protruding on its north-south axis. The whole building has become a handsome and dignified landmark with ever-changing perspectives. Auxiliary stairs connect to surrounding corridors of the courtyard, providing a pleasant setting for activities. The mezzanine level solves structural problems while serving as a formalistic transition between top and bottom levels. The top level has a reduced floor area, which helps enhance the tower's soaring image; corner columns subtly rise and slant inwards in both directions, which, together with deliberate designs for ridge ornamentation, brackets (dougong), fenestration and raised corridor, contribute to the tower's classic, simple yet elegant charm and steady, vigorous yet sophisticated flavor. 3) The traditional timber structure is optimized in the design: tenon-and-mortise joints are applied to the majority of the structure to guarantee its integrity. But due to the tower's hilltop location, its mezzanine uses new board material in replacement of walls, while metal mesh is applied to partial walls beneath the windows to reinforce overall stiffness and also satisfy wind resistance requirements of the entire hilltop structure.

Since its completion, Beigu Tower has become a landmark building on the riverbank of Zhenjiang. Together with the Duojing Tower complex designed by Prof. DU Shunbao of Southeast University, it constitutes a vivid and splendid river picture.

4 北固樓外景/Exterior view of Beigu Tower

5.6 北固山景觀/Views of Beigu Hill

7 北固樓和多景樓/Beigu Tower and Duojing Tower