馬 科,左路廣,常曉彤,連晶晶,馮 博
體液添加EDTA-K2抗凝劑對(duì)細(xì)胞計(jì)數(shù)的影響
馬 科,左路廣,常曉彤,連晶晶,馮 博
目的:研究添加EDTA-K2抗凝劑對(duì)體液細(xì)胞計(jì)數(shù)的影響。方法:由臨床送檢的110份體液中取1、2、4、2 mL依次加入3支EDTA-K2抗凝劑及1支不含抗凝劑試管中,選用Sysmex XE-5000全自動(dòng)血細(xì)胞分析儀測(cè)定白細(xì)胞(WBC)、紅細(xì)胞(RBC)、單個(gè)核細(xì)胞(MN)、多個(gè)核細(xì)胞(PMN),分析添加EDTA-K2抗凝劑對(duì)體液細(xì)胞計(jì)數(shù)的影響;另收集體液,送檢后及時(shí)測(cè)量并分裝EDTA-K2抗凝劑及無(wú)抗凝劑試管中各2 mL,4℃冷藏2、4、6、12 h分別測(cè)量細(xì)胞含量,分析體液采集后不同時(shí)間細(xì)胞數(shù)量的變化趨勢(shì)。結(jié)果:體液添加EDTA-K2抗凝劑各組相對(duì)于對(duì)照組細(xì)胞計(jì)數(shù)均無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異;體液抽取后如無(wú)抗凝劑,隨放置時(shí)間延長(zhǎng),白細(xì)胞計(jì)數(shù)出現(xiàn)下降趨勢(shì),EDTA-K2抗凝體液則無(wú)下降趨勢(shì)。結(jié)論:體液中添加EDTA-K2抗凝劑可提高體液細(xì)胞計(jì)數(shù)的準(zhǔn)確性,減小臨床體液標(biāo)本不能及時(shí)檢測(cè)對(duì)細(xì)胞計(jì)數(shù)的影響。
體液;EDTA-K2抗凝劑;細(xì)胞計(jì)數(shù)
體液(body fluid),細(xì)胞內(nèi)液與外液的總稱,主要包括腦脊液、胸腹水、關(guān)節(jié)液等。臨床上產(chǎn)生胸腹水的病因主要有肝硬化、肝靜脈閉塞、心臟衰竭、腎臟疾病、營(yíng)養(yǎng)不良、厭食癥、腫瘤、癌癥等疾病[1-3]。計(jì)數(shù)胸腹水中的細(xì)胞含量可幫助臨床研究疾病的發(fā)病機(jī)制,鑒別滲出液、漏出液,鑒別自發(fā)性細(xì)菌性腹膜炎等疾病[4-6]。檢測(cè)關(guān)節(jié)液有助于區(qū)分關(guān)節(jié)腫脹為炎性或非炎性狀態(tài),計(jì)數(shù)腦脊液中的白細(xì)胞、紅細(xì)胞含量可輔助診斷腦膜炎、腦炎、中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)疾病[7-10]??傊?,精確計(jì)數(shù)體液對(duì)于疾病的鑒別診斷、病情預(yù)后評(píng)估具有十分重要的意義。隨著臨床檢驗(yàn)醫(yī)學(xué)技術(shù)的發(fā)展,傳統(tǒng)手工計(jì)數(shù)體液細(xì)胞已不能滿足臨床需要,具有體液測(cè)定功能的儀器已逐漸應(yīng)用于醫(yī)療領(lǐng)域[11-14]。臨床工作中,體液標(biāo)本受患者病情、采集時(shí)間、檢測(cè)條件等多種因素影響,導(dǎo)致體液標(biāo)本不能及時(shí)檢測(cè),同時(shí)體液標(biāo)本易發(fā)生自凝、細(xì)胞溶解現(xiàn)象,影響細(xì)胞計(jì)數(shù),使檢測(cè)結(jié)果準(zhǔn)確性降低,延誤臨床診斷與治療。EDTA-K2具有良好抗凝作用,本文對(duì)是否可以在標(biāo)本采集時(shí)加入EDTA-K2來(lái)保護(hù)體液中的細(xì)胞成分,提高細(xì)胞計(jì)數(shù)的準(zhǔn)確性進(jìn)行研究,現(xiàn)將結(jié)果報(bào)告如下。
1.1 材料
1.1.1 標(biāo)本來(lái)源
110份體液標(biāo)本均取自2013年11月至2014年6月河北北方學(xué)院附屬第一醫(yī)院住院、門診患者的體液標(biāo)本。其中,男58例,女52例;年齡15~81歲,平均(45.3±16.2)歲;胸水標(biāo)本64例,腹水標(biāo)本24例,腦脊液標(biāo)本22例。標(biāo)本由臨床醫(yī)師按標(biāo)準(zhǔn)操作規(guī)范采集后及時(shí)送檢,所有患者均知情同意,符合本院醫(yī)學(xué)倫理委員會(huì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。
1.1.2 儀器與試劑
日本Sysmex XE-5000血細(xì)胞分析儀及配套試劑、校準(zhǔn)品、質(zhì)控品;EDTA-K2抗凝管。
1.2 方法
1.2.1 添加EDTA-K2抗凝劑對(duì)體液細(xì)胞計(jì)數(shù)的影響
標(biāo)本由臨床醫(yī)師按標(biāo)準(zhǔn)操作規(guī)范采集并及時(shí)送檢,每份體液標(biāo)本取1、2、4、2 mL,依次加入3支EDTA-K2抗凝劑及1支不含抗凝劑試管中,選用Sysmex XE-5000全自動(dòng)血細(xì)胞分析儀測(cè)定白細(xì)胞(WBC)、紅細(xì)胞(RBC)、單個(gè)核細(xì)胞(MN)、多個(gè)核細(xì)胞(PMN),分析添加EDTA-K2抗凝劑對(duì)體液細(xì)胞計(jì)數(shù)的影響。
1.2.2 體液標(biāo)本采集后不同時(shí)間細(xì)胞數(shù)量變化
收集體液標(biāo)本,送檢后及時(shí)測(cè)量,結(jié)果為對(duì)照組數(shù)據(jù)。由于腦脊液標(biāo)本臨床每次采集量較少,所以測(cè)量后的體液標(biāo)本分裝于EDTA-K2抗凝劑及無(wú)抗凝劑試管中各2 mL,置于4℃冰箱冷藏,分裝后2、4、6、12 h分別測(cè)量細(xì)胞含量,分析體液標(biāo)本采集后在不同時(shí)間細(xì)胞數(shù)量的變化趨勢(shì)。
1.2.3 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法
采用Excel 2007、IBM SPSS Statistics 19統(tǒng)計(jì)軟件對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)處理,計(jì)量資料采用均數(shù)±標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差表示,即±s,選用Wilcoxon符號(hào)秩和檢驗(yàn)進(jìn)行分析,P<0.05為有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異。
2.1 EDTA-K2抗凝體液細(xì)胞計(jì)數(shù)結(jié)果
實(shí)驗(yàn)中選用胸水12例、腹水10例。經(jīng)處理的體液標(biāo)本進(jìn)行測(cè)量后記錄結(jié)果,WBC范圍(48~12 422)×106/L,RBC范圍(0~128)×109/L。無(wú)抗凝劑體液為對(duì)照組,加入3支EDTA-K2抗凝管的體液依次記為實(shí)驗(yàn)組1、2、3。經(jīng)正態(tài)性檢驗(yàn)P<0.05,數(shù)據(jù)屬于偏態(tài)分布,選用IBMSPSSStatistics19統(tǒng)計(jì)軟件進(jìn)行Wilcoxon符號(hào)秩和檢驗(yàn),結(jié)果見(jiàn)表1。
表1 EDTA-K2抗凝劑對(duì)體液細(xì)胞計(jì)數(shù)的影響
結(jié)合表1及統(tǒng)計(jì)結(jié)果,對(duì)照組WBC與實(shí)驗(yàn)1、2、3組經(jīng)Wilcoxon符號(hào)秩和檢驗(yàn),Z值依次為-1.804、-1.098、-1.883,RBC的Z值依次為-2.060、-0.412、-1.134,MN的Z值依次為-0.550、-0.863、-1.255,PMN的Z值依次為-1.688、-1.138、-1.374,P均大于0.05,體液添加EDTA-K2抗凝劑各組相對(duì)于對(duì)照組細(xì)胞計(jì)數(shù)均無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異。
2.2 體液標(biāo)本采集后不同時(shí)間細(xì)胞數(shù)量變化
實(shí)驗(yàn)選用胸水52例、腹水14例、腦脊液22例,送檢后立即進(jìn)行檢測(cè),WBC范圍(5~466 027)×106/L、RBC范圍(0~794)×109/L,檢測(cè)結(jié)果作對(duì)照組數(shù)據(jù),分裝后2、4、6、12 h檢測(cè)的非抗凝、抗凝體液標(biāo)本依次記為實(shí)驗(yàn)組2-N、2-E、4-N、4-E、6-N、6-E、12-N、12-E,選用Wilcoxon符號(hào)秩和檢驗(yàn)分析,結(jié)果見(jiàn)表2。用各時(shí)段抗凝組、非抗凝組細(xì)胞計(jì)數(shù)均值占對(duì)照組百分比作圖,如圖1~4所示。由圖表可知,放置時(shí)間為4 h時(shí),無(wú)抗凝劑組WBC、MN為91.1%、92.4%,減少8.9%、7.6%,相對(duì)于對(duì)照組具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異(ZWBC=-2.108、ZMN=-2.250,P<0.05);6 h后,WBC減少13.7%、MN減少11.7%、PMN減少22.8%(ZWBC= -3.515、ZMN=-2.830、ZPMN=-2.537,P<0.05);12 h后WBC減少22.3%、MN減少15.9%、PMN減少32.3%
(ZWBC=-3.975、ZMN=-4.673、ZPMN=-3.512,P<0.05)。抗凝組各時(shí)段WBC數(shù)量變化與對(duì)照組無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異(P>0.05),抗凝組、非抗凝組標(biāo)本中各時(shí)段RBC數(shù)量與對(duì)照組均無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異(P>0.05)。
隨著現(xiàn)代醫(yī)學(xué)的發(fā)展,體液常規(guī)檢測(cè)日益受到臨床工作人員重視,其對(duì)疾病的診斷及病情的評(píng)估及預(yù)后意義重大。手工計(jì)數(shù)體液紅白細(xì)胞工作耗時(shí)費(fèi)力,而體液細(xì)胞計(jì)數(shù)自動(dòng)化可規(guī)避手工法的缺點(diǎn)[15],使臨床檢驗(yàn)工作便捷、快速、精確。
由實(shí)驗(yàn)可知,臨床采集體液標(biāo)本時(shí)添加EDTAK2抗凝劑不會(huì)影響體液細(xì)胞數(shù)量測(cè)定的準(zhǔn)確性。未添加抗凝劑標(biāo)本送檢后不及時(shí)測(cè)定,標(biāo)本中的WBC數(shù)量會(huì)隨放置時(shí)間延長(zhǎng)出現(xiàn)下降趨勢(shì)。在標(biāo)本送檢2 h后,WBC、MN、PMN檢測(cè)數(shù)量為原始對(duì)照的95.5%、95.2%、95.6%,檢測(cè)數(shù)值減少4.5%、4.8%、4.4%(P>0.05);4 h后減少8.9%、7.6%、11.1%,其中,WBC、MN數(shù)量減少具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異(P<0.05);6h后減少13.7%、11.7%、22.8%(P<0.05);12 h后減少22.3%、15.9%、32.3%(P<0.05)。RBC數(shù)量變化無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異(P>0.05)。由于EDTA-K2可有效保護(hù)體液細(xì)胞成分,實(shí)驗(yàn)中添加EDTA-K2抗凝劑后,WBC計(jì)數(shù)隨著放置時(shí)間的延長(zhǎng)下降趨勢(shì)較小,標(biāo)本采集后4℃保存12 h后WBC數(shù)量?jī)H下降1.8%,RBC數(shù)量無(wú)明顯變化。
表2 各時(shí)間段抗凝、非抗凝組細(xì)胞計(jì)數(shù)統(tǒng)計(jì)
圖1 不同放置時(shí)間WBC數(shù)量變化趨勢(shì)
圖2 不同放置時(shí)間RBC數(shù)量變化趨勢(shì)
圖3 不同放置時(shí)間MN數(shù)量變化趨勢(shì)
圖4 不同放置時(shí)間PMN數(shù)量變化趨勢(shì)
胸腹水計(jì)數(shù)的準(zhǔn)確性對(duì)于滲出液、漏出液的鑒別以及結(jié)核性胸、腹膜炎,化膿性細(xì)菌感染,惡性腫瘤等疾病的診斷具有十分重要的意義。對(duì)于腦脊液標(biāo)本,由于其細(xì)胞含量相對(duì)較低,參考值范圍較窄(正常范圍(0~10)×106/L),腦脊液細(xì)胞計(jì)數(shù)準(zhǔn)確對(duì)于鑒別中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)疾病具有重要意義,檢測(cè)結(jié)果不準(zhǔn)確則嚴(yán)重影響臨床診斷和治療。因此,建議臨床采集體液標(biāo)本計(jì)數(shù)時(shí),應(yīng)抽取2~4 mL加入EDTAK2抗凝管中送檢,以減緩體液標(biāo)本中細(xì)胞數(shù)量因不能及時(shí)檢測(cè)所造成的下降趨勢(shì),夜間急診或不能及時(shí)檢測(cè)的標(biāo)本,可放置4℃冰箱冷藏,12 h內(nèi)測(cè)定不影響計(jì)數(shù)結(jié)果的準(zhǔn)確性。如未添加抗凝劑,則應(yīng)在標(biāo)本采集后2 h之內(nèi)完成細(xì)胞計(jì)數(shù),若檢測(cè)時(shí)間延長(zhǎng),則會(huì)導(dǎo)致白細(xì)胞計(jì)數(shù)減少、準(zhǔn)確性降低,延誤病情的診斷和治療。
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(收稿:2014-09-12 修回:2014-12-25)
Study on impact of EDTA-K2anticoagulant added into body fluid on cell count
MA Ke1,2,ZUO Lu-guang1,CHANG Xiao-tong2,LIAN Jing-jing1,FENG Bo1
(1.The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University,Zhangjiakou 075000,Hebei Province,China; 2.Hebei North University,Zhangjiakou 075000,Hebei Province,China)
ObjectiveTo evaluate the impact of adding EDTA-K2anticoagulant to body fluid on humoral cell count. MethodsThere were 1,2,4 and 2 mL of body fluid were respectively extracted from each of 110 clinical specimens and then dropped into three tubes with EDTA-K2anticoagulant and one empty tube respectively.Sysmex XE-5000 automatic blood cell analyzer was used to detect WBC,RBC,MN and PMN so as to analyze the impact of EDTA-K2anticoagulant on humoral cell count.Some other specimens were tested,and then two 2 mL of body fluid were drawn from them and dropped into one tube with EDTA-K2anticoagulant and one empty tube respectively,cell count was carried out after the tubes were in the condition of 4℃for 2,4,6 and 12 hours to determine the trend that cell count changed with the time going by.ResultsEDTA-K2anticoagulant had no significant impact on cell count,while WBC count decreased with the time going by when EDTA-K2anticoagulant was absent.ConclusionAdding EDTA-K2anticoagulant into the body fluid can enhance the accuracy of humoral cell count,and can relieve the influence of delayed detection on cell count.[Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2015,36(4):91-93]
body fluid;EDTA-K2anticoagulant;cell count
R318.6;TH776
A
1003-8868(2015)04-0091-03
10.7687/J.ISSN1003-8868.2015.04.091
河北省高等學(xué)??茖W(xué)技術(shù)研究青年基金項(xiàng)目(Q2012141)
馬 科(1977—),男,主管檢驗(yàn)師,主要從事臨床檢驗(yàn)方面的研究工作,E-mail:mkzyj@139.com。
075000河北張家口,河北北方學(xué)院附屬第一醫(yī)院(馬 科,左路廣,連晶晶,馮 博);075000河北張家口,河北北方學(xué)院(馬 科,常曉彤)
常曉彤,E-mail:changxt1212@vip.sina.com