郝劍,吳雄志(天津醫(yī)科大學(xué)腫瘤醫(yī)院國家腫瘤臨床醫(yī)學(xué)研究中心天津市“腫瘤防治”重點實驗室,天津300060)
褐藻多糖對乳腺癌細(xì)胞活性的影響及機(jī)制探討
郝劍,吳雄志
(天津醫(yī)科大學(xué)腫瘤醫(yī)院國家腫瘤臨床醫(yī)學(xué)研究中心天津市“腫瘤防治”重點實驗室,天津300060)
摘要:目的觀察褐藻多糖對人乳腺癌細(xì)胞株MCF-7、MDA-MB-231細(xì)胞活性的影響,并探討其作用機(jī)制。方法將對數(shù)生長期的MCF-7、MDA-MB-231細(xì)胞(觀察A組、B組)分別加入100、200 μg/mL褐藻多糖2 mL,對照A組、B組均加入等體積的DMEM培養(yǎng)基2 mL。用臺盼藍(lán)染色實驗測算細(xì)胞增殖抑制率,用流式細(xì)胞儀檢測細(xì)胞周期和凋亡細(xì)胞,用Western blot法檢測細(xì)胞Caspase-8及磷酸化細(xì)胞外調(diào)節(jié)蛋白激酶( p-Erk)、Erk表達(dá)。結(jié)果隨著褐藻多糖濃度增加、作用時間延長,觀察A組、B組細(xì)胞增殖抑制率逐漸升高( P均<0.05) ;觀察A組、B組G0/G1期細(xì)胞比例升高、S期及G2期細(xì)胞比例降低,細(xì)胞凋亡率增高,褐藻多糖濃度高者變化更明顯,P均<0.05;觀察A組、B組細(xì)胞Caspase-8表達(dá)升高、p-Erk表達(dá)下降,褐藻多糖濃度高者變化更明顯,P均<0.05。結(jié)論褐藻多糖可抑制MCF-7、MDA-MB-231細(xì)胞增殖,阻滯細(xì)胞周期于G0/G1期,促進(jìn)細(xì)胞凋亡;該作用可能是通過上調(diào)細(xì)胞Caspase-8表達(dá)、下調(diào)p-Erk表達(dá)水平實現(xiàn)。
關(guān)鍵詞:褐藻多糖;乳腺癌;細(xì)胞周期;細(xì)胞凋亡;半胱氨酸天冬氨酸蛋白酶8;細(xì)胞外調(diào)節(jié)蛋白激酶doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-266X.2015.30.002
Effects of Fucoidan on cell viability of breast cancer and its mechanism
HAO Jian,WU Xiong-zhi
( Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital,National Clinical Research Center for Cancer,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy,Tianjin 300060,China)
Abstract:Objective To observe the effects of Fucoidan on cell viability of breast cancer cell lines MCF-7 and MDAMB-231 and to investigate its possible mechanism.Methods The breast cancer cell lines MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 in the logarithmic phase ( observation group A and B) were respectively treated with 2 mL Fucoidan ( 100 ug/mL and 200 ug/mL).The control group A and B were treated with the same volume of DMEM culture medium.The cell proliferation inhibition rate was detected by Trypan blue staining,cell cycle and apoptosis cells were analyzed by flow cytometry,and the expression of Caspase-8,phosphorylation Erk ( p-Erk) and total Erk was detected by Western blotting.Results With the increased Fucoidan concentration and the prolonged time,the cell proliferation inhibition rates of the observation groups A and B were increased ( all P<0.05),the cell proportion in the G0/G1phase of the observation groups A and group B was increased,the cell proportion in the S phase and G2was reduced,the apoptosis rate was increased,and the changes in the high concentration Fucoidan group were more significant ( all P<0.05).The expression of Caspase-8 was increased and the Erk expression was decreased in the observation groups A and B,and the changes in the high concentration Fucoidan group were more significant ( all P<0.05).Conclusion Fucoidan could inhibit the proliferation of MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines,arrest the breast cells in G0/G1phase,and also promote the apoptosis.This mechanism may be achieved by activating the expression of Caspase-8 and down-regulating the p-Erk expression.
Key words:Fucoidan,breast carcinoma; cell cycle; apoptosis; caspase;extracellular signal-regulated kinases
褐藻是一種軟堅散結(jié)中藥,褐藻多糖是其主要活性成分。褐藻多糖具有抗氧化、抗腫瘤、抗病毒、抗血栓、降血脂、調(diào)節(jié)免疫等多種功能[1~5],但具體作用機(jī)制尚不清楚。細(xì)胞凋亡具有內(nèi)源性和外源性
兩條信號通路,兩條信號通路最終均會激活凋亡蛋白Caspase-8[6]。在腫瘤細(xì)胞增殖過程中,絲裂素活化蛋白激酶( MAPK)/細(xì)胞外調(diào)節(jié)蛋白激酶( Erk)信號通路發(fā)揮重要作用,其與細(xì)胞周期、細(xì)胞凋亡密切相關(guān)[7,8]。2013年6月~2014年5月,我們觀察了褐藻多糖對人乳腺癌細(xì)胞株MCF-7、MDA-MB-231細(xì)胞活性的影響,并探討其機(jī)制?,F(xiàn)報告如下。
1.1材料褐藻多糖購自南京澤朗醫(yī)藥科技有限公司,溶于PBS中以5 mg/μL的質(zhì)量濃度儲存?zhèn)溆? MCF-7、MDA-MB-231由天津市腫瘤醫(yī)院腫瘤研究所提供,用含10%胎牛血清的DMEM(高糖)培養(yǎng)基培養(yǎng)于37℃、5% CO2恒溫箱中;流式細(xì)胞儀、凋亡試劑盒購于BD公司(美國),PI購于鼎國生物試劑有限責(zé)任公司; Western blot相關(guān)儀器購于北京六一器械廠,單克隆抗體Erk(鼠源)、羊抗鼠單克隆二抗購于Sigma公司,單克隆抗體Caspase-8(兔源)購于Ebcam公司。
1.2細(xì)胞增殖抑制率測算取對數(shù)生長期的MCF-7、MDA-MB-231細(xì)胞,分別消化、計數(shù),接種于24孔板,1×104/孔。細(xì)胞貼壁后,MCF-7、MDA-MB-231細(xì)胞(觀察A組、B組)分別加入100、200 μg/mL褐藻多糖2 mL,對照A組、B組均加入等體積的DMEM培養(yǎng)基2 mL,每組每濃度18個復(fù)孔,分別于培養(yǎng)2、3、4、5、6 d收集3個復(fù)孔的細(xì)胞,加入0.4%臺盼藍(lán)溶液進(jìn)行細(xì)胞計數(shù),計算兩組細(xì)胞增殖抑制率。細(xì)胞增殖抑制率= (對照組平均細(xì)胞數(shù)-實驗組平均細(xì)胞數(shù))/對照組平均細(xì)胞數(shù)×100%。
1.3細(xì)胞周期和細(xì)胞凋亡檢測細(xì)胞處理及分組同1.2,接種濃度為5×104/孔,每組每濃度3個復(fù)孔。收集培養(yǎng)96 h后的細(xì)胞,制成單細(xì)胞懸液;采用流式細(xì)胞儀檢測,行AnnexinV-FITC/PI熒光染色,操作均嚴(yán)格按照試劑盒說明書進(jìn)行。觀察各細(xì)胞周期的細(xì)胞比例,計算細(xì)胞凋亡率。
1.4細(xì)胞Caspase-8、Erk、p-Erk表達(dá)檢測細(xì)胞處理及分組同1.2,接種濃度1×106/孔,每組每濃度3個復(fù)孔。收集培養(yǎng)96 h后的細(xì)胞,裂解細(xì)胞提取蛋白。采用Western blot法檢測Caspase-8、Erk、p-Erk的表達(dá)水平,以β-actin為空白對照,操作均嚴(yán)格按照試劑盒說明書進(jìn)行。
1.5統(tǒng)計學(xué)方法采用SPSS17.0統(tǒng)計軟件。計量資料以珋x±s表示,采用單因素方差分析;計數(shù)資料用率表示,組間比較用χ2檢驗。P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義。
2.1各組細(xì)胞增殖抑制率比較見表1。
表1 兩組細(xì)胞增殖抑制率比較
2.2各組細(xì)胞周期、細(xì)胞凋亡率比較見表2。
表2 各組細(xì)胞周期及細(xì)胞凋亡率比較( %,±s)
表2 各組細(xì)胞周期及細(xì)胞凋亡率比較( %,±s)
注:與對照A組比較,*P<0.05;與對照B比較,#P<0.05。
組別 細(xì)胞周期G0/G1期 S期 G2期 細(xì)胞凋亡率觀察A組100 μg/mL 58.72±5.63*19.80±3.25 21.32±1.27 21.23±5.34*200 μg/mL 72.22±8.26*9.47±4.22 19.01±4.76 38.60±1.36*對照A組 47.27±2.34 30.56±5.12 20.16±3.88 8.12±1.26觀察B組100 μg/mL 70.54±2.44#19.63±4.24 8.62±2.33 18.16±1.84 200 μg/mL 60.91±8.45#26.85±6.58 11.25±3.20 42.01±4.63#對照B組48.13±6.12 33.31±7.22 18.65±2.11 4.11±0.23
2.3各組細(xì)胞Caspase-8、Erk、p-Erk表達(dá)比較觀察A組、B組細(xì)胞Caspase-8表達(dá)增加,p-Erk表達(dá)減少。見圖1。
圖1 各組細(xì)胞Caspase-8、Erk、p-Erk表達(dá)( Western blot)
褐藻多糖可促進(jìn)肝癌、肺癌、黑色素瘤、胃癌等多種腫瘤細(xì)胞[9,10]的凋亡及自我吞噬[11],誘導(dǎo)人單核樹突細(xì)胞、T細(xì)胞和自然殺傷細(xì)胞的分化成熟[12,13]。既往研究發(fā)現(xiàn),褐藻多糖可通過內(nèi)源性和外源性凋亡機(jī)制直接促進(jìn)MCF-7細(xì)胞株的凋亡,同時還可增強(qiáng)化療藥物的療效[14~18]。本研究結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),不同濃度褐藻多糖均可促進(jìn)觀察A組、觀察B組的細(xì)胞增殖抑制率,同時褐藻多糖可阻滯兩組細(xì)
胞于細(xì)胞周期的G0/G1期;增加細(xì)胞凋亡率。
細(xì)胞凋亡是程序性細(xì)胞死亡的一種形式,對維持生物體的正常生長、發(fā)育起重要作用,凋亡信號通路的變異是腫瘤發(fā)生發(fā)展的重要機(jī)制之一。細(xì)胞凋亡途徑主要分為內(nèi)源性凋亡和外源性凋亡。內(nèi)源性凋亡也稱為線粒體通路,當(dāng)細(xì)胞接受死亡信號后通過信號轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo),導(dǎo)致線粒體內(nèi)的cytC釋放入細(xì)胞質(zhì),并結(jié)合凋亡蛋白水解酶激活因子及Caspase-9前體,形成凋亡小體,激活下游的凋亡蛋白Caspase-8、Caspase-3[2]。外源性通路是通過死亡配體與細(xì)胞膜上死亡受體結(jié)合,形成死亡誘導(dǎo)信號復(fù)合體,激活下游Caspase-8、Caspase-3。因此,Caspase-8在內(nèi)源性、外源性信號通路中均占據(jù)重要作用。MAPK級聯(lián)是細(xì)胞內(nèi)重要的信號轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)途徑,它將細(xì)胞外刺激傳遞至細(xì)胞核,參與細(xì)胞的生長、發(fā)育、分化等一系列生理過程,并在細(xì)胞的惡性轉(zhuǎn)化和腫瘤的發(fā)生、發(fā)展中起重要作用。近來研究發(fā)現(xiàn),乳腺癌中MAPK/Erk信號轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)通路明顯激活,p-Erk是Erk的活性形式,可通過磷酸化活化轉(zhuǎn)錄因子而調(diào)控特定基因的表達(dá)。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),p-Erk的表達(dá)水平與乳腺癌增殖、凋亡、臨床病理分型相關(guān)[19~22]。本研究結(jié)果顯示,觀察A組、B組細(xì)胞Caspase-8表達(dá)均增加、p-Erk表達(dá)均減少,且褐藻多糖濃度高者變化更明顯。因此,我們推測褐藻多糖可能通過下調(diào)Erk磷酸化信號通路,誘導(dǎo)Caspase-8表達(dá),阻滯乳腺癌細(xì)胞于細(xì)胞周期的G0/G1期,抑制乳腺癌細(xì)胞的增殖。
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收稿日期:( 2015-05-08)
通信作者簡介:吳雄志( 1975-),男,博士,主任醫(yī)師,研究方向為中藥抗癌機(jī)制研究及應(yīng)用。E-mail: wuxingzhi@163.com
作者簡介:第一郝劍( 1988-),女,碩士研究生,研究方向為軟堅散結(jié)類中藥的抗癌機(jī)制。E-mail: haojian1111520@126.com
基金項目:國家自然科學(xué)基金資助項目( 81173376) ;新世紀(jì)優(yōu)秀人才基金資助項目( NCET-11-1068)。
文章編號:1002-266X( 2015) 30-0005-03
文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼:A
中圖分類號:R737.9