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槲皮素對(duì)急性痛風(fēng)性關(guān)節(jié)炎大鼠的治療作用及其對(duì)肝功能的影響

2016-01-20 13:55黃敬群劉久紅李偉中常玉梅王晨陽(yáng)劉海燕中國(guó)人民解放軍第252醫(yī)院河北保定071000
山東醫(yī)藥 2015年28期
關(guān)鍵詞:痛風(fēng)性關(guān)節(jié)炎高尿酸血癥槲皮素

黃敬群,劉久紅,李偉中,常玉梅,王晨陽(yáng),劉海燕(中國(guó)人民解放軍第252醫(yī)院,河北保定071000)

槲皮素對(duì)急性痛風(fēng)性關(guān)節(jié)炎大鼠的治療作用及其對(duì)肝功能的影響

黃敬群,劉久紅,李偉中,常玉梅,王晨陽(yáng),劉海燕
(中國(guó)人民解放軍第252醫(yī)院,河北保定071000)

摘要:目的探討槲皮素對(duì)急性痛風(fēng)性關(guān)節(jié)炎( AGA)大鼠的治療作用及其對(duì)肝功能的影響。方法將50只大鼠隨機(jī)分為A~E組,每組10只。A、B組均以蒸餾水灌胃,C~E組分別予100、200、400 mg/kg的槲皮素灌胃,1次/d,連續(xù)7 d;第5天給藥1 h后B~E組采用微晶尿酸鈉和次黃嘌呤法建立AGA模型。造模前及造模后2、6、12、24、48 h測(cè)算大鼠右后肢小腿踝關(guān)節(jié)腫脹率;造模后8、48 h檢測(cè)血清尿酸水平;造模后48 h檢測(cè)血清ALT、AST、TBIL、DBIL,計(jì)算肝臟指數(shù),HE染色觀察肝臟組織病理變化。結(jié)果B~E組各時(shí)間點(diǎn)大鼠踝關(guān)節(jié)腫脹率均較A組升高( P均<0.01),C~E組較B組腫脹率下降( P均<0.01) ; C~E組兩兩比較,P均>0.05。B~E組造模后8 h血清尿酸水平均較A組升高( P均<0.01),造模后48 h血尿酸與A組比較差異均無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義; B~E組血清UA水平兩兩比較,P均>0.05。各組血清ALT、AST、TBIL、DBIL及肝臟指數(shù)兩兩比較,P均>0.05。各組均未發(fā)現(xiàn)明顯組織病理形態(tài)學(xué)改變。結(jié)論槲皮素可減輕AGA大鼠的關(guān)節(jié)腫脹,但不降低血尿酸水平,對(duì)肝功能無(wú)明顯影響。

關(guān)鍵詞:痛風(fēng)性關(guān)節(jié)炎;高尿酸血癥;槲皮素;關(guān)節(jié)腫脹;肝功能;大鼠

Therapeutic effect of quercetin for acute gouty arthritis in rats and its influence on liver function

HUANG Jing-qun,LIU Jiu-hong,LI Wei-zhong,CHANG Yu-mei,WANG Chen-yang,LIU Hai-yan
( No.252 Hospital of PLA,Baoding 071000,China)

Abstract:Objective To observe the therapeutic effect of quercetin for acute gouty arthritis ( AGA) in rats and its influence on liver function.Methods Fifty rats were randomly divided into groups A-E,and 10 in each group.Rats in the group A and group B were administered with distilled water,and rats in the groups C,D and E were administered with 100,200 and 400 mg/kg quercetin,respectively.All rats were administered by oral gavage once a day for seven consecutive days throughout the experiment.On the fifth day,we established AGA models in the groups B-E after administration of 1 h.The rat right hind ankle swelling rate was measured at 0,2,6,12,24 and 48 h,the serum blood uric acid ( UA) was detected at 8 h and 48 h after modeling,the serum ALT,AST,TBIL and DBIL was detected at 48 h after modeling.The liver indexes were calculated and the liver histopathological changes were observed with HE staining.Results The ankle swelling rates of B-E groups at all time points were increased as compared with that in the group A ( all P<0.01),but the swelling rates of groups C-E were decreased as compared with that of group B ( all P<0.01),and no significant difference was found in the swelling rate among groups C-E ( all P>0.05).The serum UA levels of groups B-E after modeling 8 h were elevated as compared with that of the group A ( all P<0.01),and there was no significant differences between group A and groups B-E after modeling 48 h ( P>0.05) ; meanwhile,the serum UA was not significantly different between groups B-E ( all P>0.05).No significant differences were found in the serum ALT,AST,TBIL,DBIL and liver indexes between each two groups ( all P>0.05).Furthermore,no significant pathological changes were found in each group.Conclusion Quercetin can reduce the joint swelling in AGA rats,but do not decrease the level of serum UA and has no significant effect on liver function.

Key words:gouty arthritis; hyperuricemia; quercetin; joint swelling; liver function; rats

急性痛風(fēng)性關(guān)節(jié)炎( AGA)是由于血液尿酸( UA)水平增高,尿酸鹽結(jié)晶( MSU)沉積在關(guān)節(jié)囊、滑膜、軟骨等關(guān)節(jié)組織,受累關(guān)節(jié)出現(xiàn)紅、腫、熱、痛,導(dǎo)致關(guān)節(jié)畸形及功能障礙[1~3]。其治療既需降低血

清UA水平,又要控制急性炎癥發(fā)作[4]。但是,目前AGA的治療藥物多伴有胃腸毒性、肝腎功能損害等毒副作用[5,6]。因此,從天然產(chǎn)物中尋求安全有效的AGA治療藥物成為趨勢(shì)。黃酮類化合物槲皮素存在于幾乎所有的植物性食物中,具有多種生物活性[7,8]。2014年6~10月,我們觀察了槲皮素對(duì)AGA大鼠的治療作用及其對(duì)肝功能的影響。

1 材料與方法

1.1材料雄性SD大鼠50只,體質(zhì)量( 200±20) g,清潔級(jí),購(gòu)自軍事醫(yī)學(xué)科學(xué)院實(shí)驗(yàn)動(dòng)物中心。槲皮素(上海將來(lái)實(shí)業(yè)有限公司,用蒸餾水分別制成10、20、40 mg/mL的混懸液),微晶尿酸鈉、次黃嘌呤( Sigma公司)。UA、ALT檢測(cè)試劑盒[柏定生物工程(北京)有限公司],AST、TBIL、DBIL檢測(cè)試劑盒(四川邁克生物科技股份有限公司)。FA1104型電子天平(上海精科天平有限公司),日立7600-020全自動(dòng)生化分析儀(日立公司)。

1.2動(dòng)物分組與處理將50只大鼠適應(yīng)性喂養(yǎng)1周后,隨機(jī)分為A~E組,每組10只。A、B組均以蒸餾水灌胃,C~E組分別予100、200、400 mg/kg的槲皮素灌胃,1次/d,連續(xù)7 d。第5天給藥1 h后B ~E組采用微晶尿酸鈉和次黃嘌呤法[9,10]建立AGA模型; A組腹腔注射生理鹽水1 mL/100 g、右后肢小腿踝關(guān)節(jié)注射生理鹽水0.1 mL。

1.3踝關(guān)節(jié)腫脹率測(cè)算造模前和造模后2、6、12、24、48 h用縛線法測(cè)取大鼠右后肢踝關(guān)節(jié)同一部位周徑,計(jì)算腫脹率。腫脹率= (致炎后踝關(guān)節(jié)周徑-致炎前踝關(guān)節(jié)周徑)/致炎前踝關(guān)節(jié)周徑×100%。

1.4血清UA、ALT、AST、TBIL、DBIL檢測(cè)造模后8 h用玻璃毛細(xì)管從大鼠眼底靜脈叢取血1.5 mL,7600-020全自動(dòng)生化分析儀測(cè)定血清UA。第7天給藥后1 h大鼠乙醚麻醉,腹主靜脈取血5.0 mL,用7600-020全自動(dòng)生化分析儀測(cè)定血清UA、ALT、AST、TBIL、DBIL。

1.5肝臟指數(shù)測(cè)算1.4中腹主靜脈取血后脫頸處死大鼠,取肝臟稱質(zhì)量,計(jì)算肝臟指數(shù)。肝臟指數(shù)=肝臟質(zhì)量/體質(zhì)量×100%。

1.6組織病理學(xué)檢查取大鼠肝臟組織,4%甲醛溶液固定,梯度乙醇脫水,透明,常規(guī)石蠟包埋切片,HE染色,光鏡下觀察組織病理形態(tài)改變。

1.7統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法采用SPSS19.0統(tǒng)計(jì)軟件。計(jì)量資料用珋x±s表示,多組比較采用重復(fù)測(cè)量數(shù)據(jù)的方差分析及單因素方差分析,組間兩兩比較采用t檢驗(yàn)。P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。

2 結(jié)果

2.1各組造模后踝關(guān)節(jié)腫脹率比較見(jiàn)表1。

2.2各組造模后血清UA水平比較見(jiàn)表2。

表1 各組造模后踝關(guān)節(jié)腫脹率比較( n =10,%,±s)

表1 各組造模后踝關(guān)節(jié)腫脹率比較( n =10,%,±s)

注:與A組同時(shí)間點(diǎn)比較,*P<0.01;與B組同時(shí)間點(diǎn)比較,#P<0.01。

組別踝關(guān)節(jié)腫脹率2 h 6 h 12 h 24 h 48 h A組 4.32±0.74 4.23±0.67 2.38±0.55 1.18±0.28 1.06±0.21 B組 16.11±3.57* 16.61±3.38* 17.28±3.10* 19.76±3.05* 12.29±2.55*C組 11.38±3.51* # 12.43±2.94* # 12.71±2.86* # 12.33±2.76* # 9.17±1.64* #D組 11.07±3.17* # 10.87±2.57* # 11.60±2.25* # 11.48±1.76* # 8.28±1.32* #E組 12.21±2.85* # 11.81±2.17* # 11.26±1.92* # 10.49±1.93* # 5.94±0.74*#

表2 各組造模后血清UA水平比較( n =10,μmol/L,±s)

表2 各組造模后血清UA水平比較( n =10,μmol/L,±s)

注:與A組同時(shí)間點(diǎn)比較,*P<0.01;與同組造模后8 h比較,#P<0.01。

組別  血清UA 8 h 48 h A組184.40±46.66 144.50±19.54 B組 349.90±49.72* 150.40±40.09#C組 322.50±53.47* 135.50±22.87#D組 325.20±44.38* 148.50±42.77#E組 322.80±37.54* 150.80±29.33#

2.3各組造模后血清ALT、AST、TBIL、DBIL水平比較見(jiàn)表3。

2.4各組肝臟指數(shù)比較A~E組肝臟指數(shù)分別為0.038 3±0.002 5、0.039 8±0.003 2、0.040 4± 0.002 4、0.039 7±0.002 5、0.039 0±0.003 2,各組間兩兩比較,P均>0.05。

表3 各組造模后血清ALT、AST、TBIL、DBIL水平比較( n =10,±s)

表3 各組造模后血清ALT、AST、TBIL、DBIL水平比較( n =10,±s)

注:各組間兩兩比較,P均>0.05。

組別 ALT( U/L)  AST( U/L) TBIL(μmol/L) DBIL(μmol/L) A組 50.60±10.33 165.60±33.36  1.13±0.36  0.80±0.26 B組 52.70±8.35 172.30±26.20  1.09±0.18  0.78±0.14 C組 47.70±6.93 156.70±27.25  1.07±0.17  0.77±0.12 D組 52.70±7.21 155.20±27.33  1.05±0.17  0.75±0.12 E組 44.20±6.88 155.10±25.37  1.02±0.20  0.74±0.15

2.5各組病理組織形態(tài)檢查結(jié)果各組均未發(fā)現(xiàn)明顯組織病理形態(tài)學(xué)改變。

3 討論

大鼠腹腔內(nèi)注射次黃嘌呤誘導(dǎo)產(chǎn)生高尿酸血癥,同時(shí)將尿酸鈉晶體注入大鼠踝關(guān)節(jié)腔內(nèi)造成病變,充分模擬了臨床AGA發(fā)病過(guò)程[11]。本研究發(fā)現(xiàn),與B組比較,C~E組能夠顯著抑制AGA大鼠踝關(guān)節(jié)腫脹

度,表明槲皮素能顯著減輕關(guān)節(jié)炎癥反應(yīng)。各組造模8 h后血清UA水平均較A組明顯升高,但各組間比較無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異,48 h后血清UA水平降至正常范圍。這表明應(yīng)用該模型觀察大鼠血清UA水平時(shí),選擇造模后8 h測(cè)定比較合適,且槲皮素?zé)o降低血清UA水平作用,與文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道一致[9,12,13]。

ALT在肝細(xì)胞的胞質(zhì)中濃度最高,當(dāng)肝細(xì)胞損傷或肝細(xì)胞膜通透性增高時(shí)釋放入血。AST主要存在于肝細(xì)胞的線粒體中,當(dāng)肝損害加重,可使線粒體中的AST大量釋放。血清ALT和AST水平可敏感地反映肝細(xì)胞的細(xì)胞膜完整程度[14]。當(dāng)肝細(xì)胞發(fā)生病變,或因膽紅素不能正常轉(zhuǎn)化成膽汁,或因肝細(xì)胞腫脹,使肝內(nèi)膽管受壓,膽汁排泄受阻,使血中的TBIL和DBIL升高[15]。高尿酸對(duì)肝臟和心臟能造成一定影響,部分高尿酸血癥患者出現(xiàn)肝功能異?,F(xiàn)象[16]。本研究結(jié)果顯示,各組血清ALT、AST、TBIL、DBIL水平無(wú)顯著變化,且肝臟指數(shù)及肝臟組織病理檢查未見(jiàn)異常,說(shuō)明槲皮素對(duì)肝臟無(wú)損害。

目前,別嘌醇、秋水仙堿常被用于臨床治療AGA。別嘌醇臨床廣泛用于抑制UA合成,但可損傷肝腎功能,甚至導(dǎo)致急性腎衰竭和肝壞死[17]。秋水仙堿通過(guò)抑制多形核白細(xì)胞的活性和運(yùn)動(dòng)產(chǎn)生抗炎作用[18,19],但同時(shí)具有比較嚴(yán)重的毒性反應(yīng),藥物過(guò)量甚至可導(dǎo)致死亡[20]。本研究結(jié)果顯示,槲皮素可減輕AGA大鼠關(guān)節(jié)腫脹,雖無(wú)降UA作用,但抗炎作用顯著,且無(wú)肝損害。

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[12]Huang J,Wang S,Zhu M,et al.Effects of genistein,apigenin,quercetin,rutin and astilbin on serum uric acid levels and xanthine oxidase activities in normal and hyperuricemic mice[J].Food Chem Toxicol,2011,49( 9) : 1943-1947.

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[16]Viazzi F,Leoncini G,Ratto E,et al.Mild hyperuricemia and subclinical renal damage in untreated primary hypertension[J].Am J Hypertens,2007,20( 12) : 1276-1282.

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[19]Gao C,Peng F,Peng L.Post-transplant recurrent pericarditis with pericardial tamponade is successfully treated with colchicine: a case report[J].Exp Ther Med,2014,8( 3) : 801-804.

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收稿日期:( 2015-02-09)

基金項(xiàng)目:中國(guó)博士后科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目( 2012M512105)。

文章編號(hào):1002-266X( 2015) 28-0027-03

文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼:A

中圖分類號(hào):R932

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1002-266X.2015.28.009

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痛風(fēng)治療新藥——選擇性尿酸重吸收抑制劑lesinurad
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槲皮素通過(guò)抑制蛋白酶體活性減輕心肌細(xì)胞肥大
槲皮素對(duì)大鼠慢性酒精性肝損傷的保護(hù)作用