權(quán)莉胡琳蔣升
維漢空腹血糖受損人群血脂譜調(diào)查及高LDL-c血癥相關(guān)危險(xiǎn)因素分析
權(quán)莉1胡琳2蔣升1
【摘要】目的 了解維漢空腹血糖受損人群血脂情況及高LDL-c血癥相關(guān)危險(xiǎn)因素。方法 通過對(duì)新疆地區(qū)30~80歲維族和漢族居民進(jìn)行橫斷面調(diào)查,篩查空腹血糖受損人群比較兩個(gè)民族的血脂代謝差異并對(duì)可能影響LDL-c的危險(xiǎn)因素進(jìn)行相關(guān)性分析。結(jié)果 實(shí)際調(diào)查人數(shù)4 709人,篩查出IFG患者共1 757例。IFG人群血脂代謝紊亂的患病率維族組99.8%較漢族組63.7%高,P<0.05,差異具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。維族組的高TC血癥、高TG血癥、高LDL-c血癥、低HDL-c血癥患病率均高于漢族組,P<0.05,差異具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。Logistic回歸顯示,LDL-c升高的危險(xiǎn)因素:維族組為年齡、TC及餐后2 h血糖;漢族組為男性和TC。結(jié)論 新疆地區(qū)IFG人群中,維族出現(xiàn)血脂紊亂患病率高于漢族。在維族患者中,增齡、總膽固醇及餐后2 h血糖升高,與LDL-c增加相關(guān)。在漢族患者中,男性和總膽固醇水平升高,與LDL-c水平升高相關(guān)。
【關(guān)鍵詞】維吾爾族;漢族;低密度脂蛋白膽固醇;危險(xiǎn)因素;
空腹血糖受損(Impaired Fasting Glucose,IFG)患者在一年內(nèi)進(jìn)展為糖尿病的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)比正常人群高7倍,是2型糖尿病(T 2 DM)和冠心病的獨(dú)立高危因素[1]。目前,我國(guó)使用1999年世界衛(wèi)生組織(WHO)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)診斷空腹血糖受損,近年來(lái)國(guó)內(nèi)越來(lái)越多的學(xué)者認(rèn)識(shí)到,在將空腹血糖受損的下限調(diào)整至5.6 mmol/L相較于6.1 mmol/L標(biāo)準(zhǔn)劃分的人群代謝綜合征及高血壓組份患病率增高,預(yù)測(cè)糖尿病的能力更強(qiáng)。新疆維吾爾族(維族)人群,飲食以脂肪含量較高的肉類為主,可能存在更多的脂代謝異常。目前,針對(duì)維吾爾族IFG人群是否合并各種代謝異常的研究并不多。通過橫斷面研究,分析新疆維族、漢族IFG人群血脂代謝情況,影響LDL-c相關(guān)因素,為不同種族T 2 DM和冠心病的一級(jí)預(yù)防提供循證醫(yī)學(xué)證據(jù)。
1.1 研究對(duì)象
通過整群抽樣調(diào)查及多級(jí)整群抽樣調(diào)查的方法,收集烏魯木齊市、阿勒泰市、喀什市居民的健康信息。納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn):(1)年齡30~80歲。(2)漢族和維吾爾族。研究方案經(jīng)新疆醫(yī)科大學(xué)第一附屬醫(yī)院倫理委員會(huì)通過,所有受檢者簽訂知情同意書。
1.2 研究方法
由經(jīng)過專業(yè)培訓(xùn)的調(diào)查員,對(duì)人口統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)指標(biāo)進(jìn)行測(cè)定。按標(biāo)準(zhǔn)方法,對(duì)血壓、身高、體重和腹圍進(jìn)行測(cè)量,并計(jì)算體質(zhì)指數(shù)(BMI)。實(shí)驗(yàn)室檢測(cè)指標(biāo),包括空腹血糖(FPG)、總膽固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白膽固醇(HDL-c)、低密度脂蛋白膽固醇(LDL-c)和OGTT試驗(yàn)2 h血糖(PPG)。血糖檢測(cè)采用葡萄糖氧化酶法,血脂檢測(cè)采用酶比色法。診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)[2-3]:IFG:5.6≤FPG<7.0 mmol/L;高TC血癥:TC≥5.18 mmol/L;高TG血癥:TG≥1.7 mmol/L;高LDL-c血癥:LDL-c≥3.37 mmol/L;低HDL-c血癥:HDL-c<1.04 mmol/L;血脂代謝紊亂的診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn):在高TC血癥、高TG血癥、高LDL-c血癥和低HDL-c血癥中,滿足4條中的任意1條,即可診斷。
1.3 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法
所得數(shù)據(jù)用SPSS17.0軟件完成,相關(guān)危險(xiǎn)因素采用logistic逐步回歸分析。計(jì)量資料以(±s)表示,采用t檢驗(yàn),計(jì)數(shù)資料以(n、%)表示,P<0.05,差異具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2.1 完成調(diào)查的人數(shù)
維族應(yīng)查2 140人,有2 053人同時(shí)完成了體格檢查和血液生化指標(biāo)分析,其中男性969人,女性1 084人,應(yīng)答率為95.93%;漢族應(yīng)查2 700人,有2 656人,同時(shí)完成了體格檢查和血液生化指標(biāo)分析,其中男性1 588人,女性1 068人,應(yīng)答率為98.37%。
2.2 IFG人群中,不同民族和性別的基線水平
在篩查的4 709研究對(duì)象中,篩查出IFG患者共1 757例,占37.3%;維族組614例(男性296例、女性318例),漢族組1 143例(男性744例、女性399例),對(duì)比兩個(gè)民族IFG患者的年齡、性別、生化指標(biāo)和體格檢查數(shù)據(jù)。見表1。
2.3 血脂代謝異常分布狀態(tài)
表1 全部IFG患者人群的體格檢查和生化指標(biāo)
表2 維族和漢族人群血脂譜的患病率差異
表3 影響LDL-c水平的因素
IFG人群血脂代謝紊亂的患病率:維族組99.8%高于漢族組63.7%,P<0.05,差異具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。維族組的高TC血癥、高TG血癥、高LDL-c血癥、低HDL-c血癥患病率分別為72.5%,85.5%,40.7%,29.8%均高于漢族組59.2%,34.7%,29.4% ,22.7%,P<0.05,差異具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。見表2。
2.4 LDL-c影響因素
以LDL-C為因變量,以年齡、性別、收縮壓(SBP)、舒張壓(DBP)、BMI、WC、FPG、PPG、HDL-c、TC和TG為自變量進(jìn)行l(wèi)ogistic逐步回歸分析,結(jié)果顯示,年齡、TC和餐后2 h血糖是維族患者LDL-c的危險(xiǎn)因素,而性別和TC是漢族的危險(xiǎn)因素。見表3。
本研究提示,IFG人群中已經(jīng)存在血脂代謝紊亂,維族脂代謝異常發(fā)生率高于漢族。同時(shí)兩民族IFG人群中血脂譜的異常表現(xiàn)不同:維族以TG升高為主,而漢族以TC升高為主。研究所涉及維吾爾族IFG人群高TC血癥、高TG血癥、高LDL-c血癥、低HDL-c血癥的患病率均高于漢族同糖代謝人群,P<0.05,差異具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。兩個(gè)民族之間血脂紊亂患病率和血脂譜的差異,可能歸因于以下因素:(1)維族具有肉食為主的飲食習(xí)慣,因此血脂異常以TG升高更加明顯。(2)與不同的遺傳背景有關(guān)[4],也可能是導(dǎo)致維族異常血脂發(fā)生率增加的原因。一些前瞻性研究表明[5],IFG常合并多種血脂異常,主要表現(xiàn)為TG升高、HDL降低和LDL升高。TG≥1.7 mmol/L是發(fā)展為IFG的獨(dú)立危險(xiǎn)因素[6]。TG升高可通過影響胰島素受體后信號(hào)通路,降低胰島素敏感性[7]?;A(chǔ)研究顯示,高血糖和血脂異常,可通過共同作用途徑,降低胰島素敏感性,損傷B細(xì)胞釋放胰島素。另有研究發(fā)現(xiàn)[8-9]FPG >5.6 mmol/L的患者,冠心病的發(fā)生風(fēng)險(xiǎn)已經(jīng)開始增加,多種心血管危險(xiǎn)因素聚集,提示在IFG階段,大血管病變已經(jīng)開始啟動(dòng)。IFG的改善可能降低將來(lái)心血管疾病的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)[10]。血脂改善可預(yù)防2型糖尿病發(fā)生,延緩病情進(jìn)展,而對(duì)于IFG人群,HDL-c水平升高可延緩IFG進(jìn)展為T 2 DM[11-12]。通過本研究,提示臨床應(yīng)用中在IFG人群中篩查血脂異常患者可能是必要的,且根據(jù)民族血脂紊亂的患病率差異篩查血脂異常的側(cè)重點(diǎn)也應(yīng)有所不同。
綜上所述,對(duì)于維族IFG患者,控制TC和PPG可能有助于降低LDL-c水平。而對(duì)于漢族IFG患者,則需更多關(guān)注男性及TC的控制。LDL-C作為動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化的核心環(huán)節(jié)之一,LDL-c水平每降低1 mmol/L,心血管風(fēng)險(xiǎn)約降低25%[13-14]。因此應(yīng)根據(jù)不同種族IFG人群的不同血脂代謝異常影響因素的差異,預(yù)防及干預(yù)措施應(yīng)該有所區(qū)別。
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作者單位:1 830000烏魯木齊,新疆醫(yī)科大學(xué)第一附屬醫(yī)院內(nèi)分泌科;2 725000陜西省安康市中心醫(yī)院內(nèi)分泌科
Analysis the Lipid Spectrum and Risk Factors Related to LDL-c Between Uighur and Hannationality With Impaired Fasting Glucose
QUAN Li1HU Lin2JIANG Sheng11 the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University Endocrinology Department, Urumqi 830000, China. 2 Ankang City Central Hospital Endocrinology Department in Shanxi Province, Ankang 725000, China
[Abstract]Objective Analysis the distributing of blood lipid metabolism and the risk factor Xinjiang uighur nationalityand han nationality with impaired fasting glucose. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted comprised a large sample of uyghur and han populations aged 30 to 80 years old in xinjiang, compared the serum lipid levels of subjects with impaired fasting glucose. Made a correlation analyzed to find out the risk factors of high LDL-c. Results There were 4 709 people actually surveyed. While a total of 1 757 patients with IFG were screened out. Among the IFG patients, uighur groups was 99.8% higher prevalence of dyslipidemia than that of han groups 63.7%, P<0.05, had difference statistically significance. The wei nationality group hypercholesteremia, hypertriglyceridemia, low HDL-C prevalence rate were higher than the han nationality, P<0.05, had difference statistically significance, Logistic regression analysis revealed that risk factors associated with LDL-c were age, total cholesterol and 2 hours postprandial blood glucose in the uighur patients with IFG. However, gender and total cholesterol were risk factors for han patients. Conclusion In IFG population, uighur patients had higher incidence of dyslipidemia than han patients. In uyghur patients, age, TC and 2 hours PBG were influence factors for LDL-c. In han patients, male and tatal cholesterol level has increase, it related to LDL-c level raise.
[Key words]Uighur, Hannationality, LDL-c, Risk factors
基金項(xiàng)目:新疆醫(yī)科大學(xué)第一附屬醫(yī)院自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(2013ZRZD05)
通訊作者:權(quán)莉,E-mail:475008292@qq.com
doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-9308.2015.23.017
【文章編號(hào)】1674-9308(2015)23-0024-03
【文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼】B
【中圖分類號(hào)】R18