王 冉
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瘢痕子宮足月妊娠孕婦陰道分娩的臨床分析
王冉
【摘要】目的 探討瘢痕子宮再次妊娠行陰道分娩的臨床效果及安全性。方法 選擇我院200例瘢痕子宮孕婦為研究對(duì)象,根據(jù)分娩方式的不同將剖宮產(chǎn)術(shù)后陰道分娩(VBAC)娩出胎兒者作為陰道分娩組,另瘢痕子宮女性再次妊娠剖宮產(chǎn)術(shù)分娩(RCS)的孕婦作為剖宮產(chǎn)組,每組各100例。觀察兩組產(chǎn)婦分娩出血量、分娩成功率、住院時(shí)間、術(shù)后并發(fā)癥情況,并對(duì)新生兒進(jìn)行Apgar評(píng)分。結(jié)果 陰道分娩組分娩出血量低于剖宮產(chǎn)組,但是分娩時(shí)間長(zhǎng)于剖宮產(chǎn)組,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);分娩后,陰道分娩組住院時(shí)間少于剖宮產(chǎn)組,傷口感染、產(chǎn)后出血發(fā)生率低于剖宮產(chǎn)組,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);兩組新生兒Apgar評(píng)分與新生兒窒息率比較,差異均無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。結(jié)論 對(duì)于具備陰道分娩條件的瘢痕子宮孕婦,應(yīng)優(yōu)先考慮陰道分娩途徑分娩,陰道試產(chǎn)過程中嚴(yán)密監(jiān)護(hù)。經(jīng)陰道分娩是安全可行的。
【關(guān)鍵詞】瘢痕子宮;妊娠;陰道分娩;安全性
近年來,由于各種原因,剖宮產(chǎn)率不斷增高,二次妊娠時(shí),如果仍舊選擇剖宮產(chǎn),會(huì)引起并發(fā)癥的增多,增加分娩的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。一般認(rèn)為,剖宮產(chǎn)后進(jìn)行陰道試產(chǎn)承擔(dān)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)更大,有出現(xiàn)子宮破裂的可能性[1],但是這也不代表完全不能夠陰道試產(chǎn),本研究主要探討瘢痕子宮再次妊娠行陰道分娩的臨床效果及安全性。
1.1臨床資料
選擇2006年1月~2013年12月我院200例瘢痕子宮產(chǎn)婦作為研究對(duì)象,根據(jù)分娩方式的不同將剖宮產(chǎn)術(shù)后陰道分娩(VBAC)娩出胎兒者作為陰道分娩組,另瘢痕子宮女性再次妊娠剖宮產(chǎn)術(shù)分娩(RCS)的孕婦作為剖宮產(chǎn)組,每組各100例。陰道分娩組年齡25~33歲,平均年齡(29.8±5.2)歲,剖宮產(chǎn)組年齡26~33歲,平均年齡(29.5±5.7)歲,兩組產(chǎn)婦在年齡、病情方面差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義,具有可比性(P>0.05)。
1.2方法
陰道分娩組采用經(jīng)陰道分娩,剖宮產(chǎn)組采用剖宮產(chǎn)分娩,兩組產(chǎn)婦均實(shí)施全面監(jiān)護(hù),24 h胎心監(jiān)測(cè),密切觀察產(chǎn)婦的生命體征,積極術(shù)前準(zhǔn)備,完善術(shù)前各項(xiàng)檢查,陰道分娩組產(chǎn)前經(jīng)過檢查均符合陰道試產(chǎn)條件。
1.3觀察指標(biāo)
觀察記錄兩組產(chǎn)婦分娩出血量、分娩成功率、住院時(shí)間、術(shù)后并發(fā)癥情況,并對(duì)新生兒進(jìn)行Apgar評(píng)分。
1.4統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)處理
2.12組患者分娩時(shí)間及出血量比較
陰道分娩組分娩時(shí)間為(188.5±18.7)min,出血量為(227.4±19.6)ml,剖宮產(chǎn)組分娩時(shí)間為(71.1±11.3)min,出血量為(364.5±23.5)ml,兩組差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。
2.22組患者住院時(shí)間及術(shù)后并發(fā)癥比較
陰道分娩組住院時(shí)間(5.1±1.2)d,傷口感染率為0.0%(0/100),產(chǎn)后出血率3.0%(3/100),剖宮產(chǎn)組住院時(shí)間(9.9±2.3)d,傷口感染率為8.0%(8/100),產(chǎn)后出血率7.0%(7/100),兩組差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。
2.32組新生兒情況比較
陰道分娩組新生兒Apgar評(píng)分為(9.21±1.3)分,新生兒窒息發(fā)生率為2.0%(2/100),剖宮產(chǎn)組新生兒Apgar評(píng)分為(9.20±1.4)分,新生兒窒息發(fā)生率為2.0%(2/100),兩組新生兒Apgar評(píng)分及新生兒窒息發(fā)生率比較,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。
人們普遍認(rèn)為選擇剖宮產(chǎn)方式分娩有利于胎兒存活[2],但是也帶來了較多的不良后果,例如形成了瘢痕子宮,為再次妊娠分娩帶來很多風(fēng)險(xiǎn)[3]。關(guān)于瘢痕子宮再次妊娠的方式,由于醫(yī)患關(guān)系緊張,部分臨床醫(yī)師過分強(qiáng)調(diào)陰道試產(chǎn)發(fā)生子宮破裂的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)性,從而使得孕婦及家屬多選擇剖官產(chǎn)終止妊娠。本研究結(jié)果顯示,陰道分娩組分娩出血量低于剖宮產(chǎn)組,但是分娩時(shí)間長(zhǎng)于剖宮產(chǎn)組,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);分娩后,陰道分娩組住院時(shí)間少于剖宮產(chǎn)組,傷口感染、產(chǎn)后出血發(fā)生率低于剖宮產(chǎn)組,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);兩組新生兒Apgar評(píng)分與新生兒窒息率比較,差異均無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。說明符合條件的產(chǎn)婦應(yīng)該盡量選擇陰道分娩,這有助于減少產(chǎn)婦住院時(shí)間,降低傷口感染、產(chǎn)后出血發(fā)生率。
參考文獻(xiàn)
[1] 牛玉敏,朱桃花. 疤痕子宮再次妊娠分娩方式探討[J]. 安徽衛(wèi)生職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào),2009,8(2):53-54.
[2] 石會(huì)平. 瘢痕子宮足月妊娠分娩結(jié)局及相關(guān)因素分析[J]. 中國(guó)醫(yī)藥指南,2013,11(6):95-96.
[3] 劉宗玉,葉長(zhǎng)壽. 疤痕子宮再次妊娠經(jīng)陰道分娩的可行性及安全性[J]. 中國(guó)衛(wèi)生標(biāo)準(zhǔn)管理,2015,6(20):35-36.
Clinical Analysis of Vaginal Delivery in Scarred Uterus Pregnant Women With Full-term Pregnancy
WANG RanDepartment of Obstetrical,the First People's Hospital of Nanyang City,Nanyang 473000,China
【Abstract】
Objective To explore the clinical effect and safety of vaginal delivery in scarred uterus pregnant women with full-term pregnancy.Methods 200 cases of pregnant women with scar uterus in our hospital were collected as study objects,according to the different ways of delivery,100 cases of uterine scar again pregnancy vaginal birth after cesarean(VBAC)were selected as the vaginal delivery group,and another 100 cases of uterine scar again pregnancy repeat cesarean section(RCS)were selected as the cesarean section group.The vaginal bleeding,delivery success rate,hospitalization time,postoperative complications of two groups were observed,and the newborns were scored by Apgar scoreing.Results The amount of bleeding of the vaginal delivery group was significantly lower than that in the cesarean section group,but the delivery time was significantly longer than that of the cesarean section group,the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05). After delivery,the hospitalization time in the vaginal delivery group was obviously less than that in the cesarean section group,the incidence of wound infection and postpartum hemorrhage of the vaginal delivery group were significantly lower than those of the cesarean section group,the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05). Apgar score and neonatal asphyxia rate of the two groups had no statistically significant difference(P>0.05).Conclusion For pregnant women with scar uterus has vaginal delivery indications,the way of vaginal delivery should be selected preferably.Vaginal delivery process must be closely monitored,vaginal delivery is safe and feasible.
【Key words】Uterine scar,Pregnancy,Vaginal delivery,Safety
doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-9316.2016.01.033
【中圖分類號(hào)】R714
【文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼】A
【文章編號(hào)】1674-9316(2016)01-0048-02
作者單位:473000 南陽(yáng)市第一人民醫(yī)院產(chǎn)科