朱凌妍,李玉紅,任 琦,田慎謙,王 悅,牛 琛,史 哲,馮福民
(華北理工大學(xué)公共衛(wèi)生學(xué)院,河北省煤礦衛(wèi)生與安全重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室,河北唐山 063000)
異煙肼致大鼠肝損傷使組蛋白H4低乙?;?/p>
朱凌妍,李玉紅,任 琦,田慎謙,王 悅,牛 琛,史 哲,馮福民
(華北理工大學(xué)公共衛(wèi)生學(xué)院,河北省煤礦衛(wèi)生與安全重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室,河北唐山 063000)
目的 探討組蛋白H4乙?;磉_(dá)水平與異煙肼致大鼠肝損傷的關(guān)系。方法 成年SD大鼠ig給予異煙肼55 mg·kg-1,每天1次,連續(xù)3,7,10,14,21或28 d后處死。HE染色觀察肝組織病理改變;比色法檢測(cè)肝組織超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性和丙二醛(MDA)含量;Western蛋白印跡法檢測(cè)肝組織組蛋白H4K5和H4K8乙?;剑籈LISA法檢測(cè)肝組織組蛋白乙?;福℉AT)和去乙酰化酶(HDAC)活性。結(jié)果 與正常對(duì)照組相比,連續(xù)給異煙肼后肝組織中總SOD活性呈下降趨勢(shì),在28 d時(shí)最低(P<0.05);MDA含量于14 d后處于高水平狀態(tài)(P<0.05);肝組織組蛋白H4K5和H4K8呈低乙?;剑≒<0.05),至14 d時(shí)達(dá)到最低值(P<0.05)后略有升高。異煙肼處理3 d,即可見(jiàn)HAT活性顯著降低(P<0.05),HDAC活性顯著升高(P<0.05),至21 d時(shí)HAT和HDAC活性基本恢復(fù)至正常對(duì)照組水平。結(jié)論 異煙肼引起大鼠肝組織中組蛋白H4K5和H4K8呈低乙酰化狀態(tài),提示組蛋白H4低乙?;赡軈⑴c異煙肼致大鼠肝損傷。
異煙肼;藥物性肝損傷;組蛋白H4;組蛋白乙?;?/p>
異煙肼作為WHO推薦的一線(xiàn)抗結(jié)核藥物,最主要的不良反應(yīng)為抗結(jié)核藥物性肝損傷(anti-tuber?closis drug-induced liver injury,ADLI)[1]。在肝損傷的過(guò)程中,異煙肼的終極代謝產(chǎn)物肼和乙酰肼直接與肝細(xì)胞發(fā)生氧化應(yīng)激反應(yīng),可能是引發(fā)ADLI的重要因素[2-3]。氧化應(yīng)激反應(yīng)可干擾組蛋白修飾的狀態(tài),影響疾病的發(fā)生發(fā)展[4-5]。組蛋白乙?;鳛榻M蛋白的主要修飾形式由組蛋白乙?;福╤is?tone acetyltransferase,HAT)和組蛋白去乙酰化酶(histone deacetylase,HDAC)共同調(diào)控,前者激活基因,后者則抑制轉(zhuǎn)錄[6-8]。組蛋白H4是核心組蛋白成員之一,常在賴(lài)氨酸K5,K8,K16和K20位點(diǎn)發(fā)生乙?;揎?。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),組蛋白H4K5和H4K8乙?;c基因轉(zhuǎn)錄有關(guān)[9]。隨著組蛋白H4與肝臟疾病關(guān)系研究的深入,發(fā)現(xiàn)其乙?;癄顟B(tài)的改變參與了機(jī)體氧化應(yīng)激和炎癥等反應(yīng)過(guò)程[10-11]。本研究分析異煙肼致大鼠肝損傷過(guò)程中氧化應(yīng)激反應(yīng)下組蛋白H4乙?;臓顟B(tài),旨在探索組蛋白H4乙?;潭扰c異煙肼致大鼠肝損傷的關(guān)系。
1.1 試劑和儀器
異煙肼購(gòu)自沈陽(yáng)紅旗制藥有限公司(生產(chǎn)批號(hào):1404022);兔抗乙?;M蛋白H4K5和H4K8單抗、兔抗組蛋白H4單抗均購(gòu)自美國(guó)Abcam公司;辣根過(guò)氧化物酶標(biāo)記的抗兔IgG二抗購(gòu)自西安晶彩生物科技有限公司;超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)活性測(cè)試盒和丙二醛(malondial?dehyde,MDA)含量測(cè)試盒購(gòu)自南京建成生物工程研究所;HAT和HDAC活性ELISA試劑盒購(gòu)自北京冬歌博業(yè)生物科技有限公司。HITACHI 7600-020型全自動(dòng)生化分析儀,日本日立公司;Bio-Rad電泳槽、半干式轉(zhuǎn)膜儀,美國(guó)Bio-Rad公司;Fluro?Chem HD2凝膠成像系統(tǒng),美國(guó)Proteinsimple公司;CA94089型連續(xù)光譜酶標(biāo)儀,美國(guó)Molecular Devices分子儀器公司。
1.2 動(dòng)物和分組
9周齡健康成年SPF級(jí)SD大鼠96只,體質(zhì)量258~365g,雌雄各半,購(gòu)自北京華阜康生物科技有限公司,動(dòng)物許可證編號(hào):SCXK(京)2009-0004,飼養(yǎng)于華北理工大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)動(dòng)物中心屏障實(shí)驗(yàn)室,飼養(yǎng)環(huán)境許可證編號(hào):SYXK(冀)2010-0038。動(dòng)物實(shí)驗(yàn)符合動(dòng)物倫理委員會(huì)的規(guī)定(審批號(hào):14-016)。依據(jù)隨機(jī)分組法將大鼠分為異煙肼組48只和正常對(duì)照組48只。異煙肼組ig給予異煙肼55 mg·kg-1(參照成人用藥量換算),每天1次,連續(xù)3,7,10,14,21或28 d后處死;正常對(duì)照組給予等體積蒸餾水,并在相同的時(shí)間點(diǎn)處死。各組每個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)8只大鼠。
摘取大鼠肝后過(guò)肝門(mén)橫切部分肝組織,4%多聚甲醛固定,常規(guī)脫水,包埋,切片,HE染色,光學(xué)顯微鏡下觀察肝細(xì)胞病理學(xué)變化。根據(jù)肝組織損傷程度以半定量方法表示。1分:肝細(xì)胞淤血,出血;1分:肝細(xì)胞水樣變;1分:炎癥細(xì)胞浸潤(rùn);3分:肝細(xì)胞壞死;計(jì)算大鼠肝組織損傷分值[12],進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析。
1.3 肝組織中SOD活性和MDA含量的檢測(cè)
使用SOD活性測(cè)試盒及MDA含量檢測(cè)試劑盒進(jìn)行檢測(cè)。取適量肝組織制成10%肝組織勻漿,考馬斯亮藍(lán)方法定量蛋白含量。
1.4 肝組織中組蛋白H4K5和H4K8乙?;鞍姿降臋z測(cè)
采用Western蛋白質(zhì)印跡法測(cè)定。稱(chēng)取大鼠肝組織80~100 mg加入10倍體積的預(yù)冷RIPA裂解緩沖液,并將苯甲基磺酰氟按100∶1加入組織裂解液中,超聲組織勻漿,4℃,12 000×g離心10 min,取上清,BCA試劑盒蛋白質(zhì)定量。經(jīng)15%聚丙烯酰胺凝膠電泳分離蛋白,然后利用半干式轉(zhuǎn)膜儀將膠上的蛋白質(zhì)轉(zhuǎn)到PVDF膜上。5%脫脂奶粉室溫下封閉1.5 h,分別用兔抗乙?;疕4K5和H4K8單抗(1∶10 000)和兔抗H4(1∶1000)單抗4℃孵育過(guò)夜,隨后室溫孵育二抗1.5 h,凝膠成像系統(tǒng)顯像。用目的蛋白條帶與內(nèi)參蛋白H4條帶積分吸光度值表示目的蛋白的相對(duì)表達(dá)水平。
1.5 肝組織中HAT和HDAC活性的檢測(cè)
稱(chēng)取肝組織,加入適量的生理鹽水制成1:5組織勻漿,800×g離心10 min,取上清,HAT和HDAC活性嚴(yán)格按照ELISA試劑盒說(shuō)明書(shū)操作。
1.6 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析
實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果數(shù)據(jù)以x±s表示,采用SPSS 17.0統(tǒng)計(jì)軟件包進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)分析。正態(tài)性檢驗(yàn)后做方差齊性檢驗(yàn),HAT和HDAC活性、H4K8和H4K5水平比較采用兩因素析因方差分析,單獨(dú)效應(yīng)分析采用單因素方差分析,組間多重比較采用LSD法,各時(shí)間點(diǎn)異煙肼組和正常對(duì)照組比較采用獨(dú)立樣本t檢驗(yàn)分析,P<0.05認(rèn)為差異具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2.1 異煙肼對(duì)大鼠肝組織病理變化的影響
大鼠肝組織HE染色光學(xué)顯微鏡下觀察(圖1),正常對(duì)照組肝細(xì)胞形態(tài)正常,排列規(guī)則,結(jié)構(gòu)完整。異煙肼致大鼠3 d組未見(jiàn)明顯的病理學(xué)改變;7 d和10 d組可見(jiàn)肝細(xì)胞腫脹,有輕微炎癥細(xì)胞聚集;14,21和28 d組肝細(xì)胞胞漿疏松化,大部分呈碎片狀壞死,匯管區(qū)和壞死灶有大量的炎癥細(xì)胞浸潤(rùn),肝索消失。表明異煙肼致大鼠肝損傷造模成功,能直觀反映出肝損傷的發(fā)生。表1為半定量分析結(jié)果,隨給藥時(shí)間的延長(zhǎng),異煙肼引起的肝組織損傷逐漸加重。
Fig.1 Effect of isoniazid(INH)on liver histopathologi?cal changes in SD rats(HE staining,×200).The rats were ig given INH 55 mg·kg-1once daily for 3,7,10,14,21 or 28 d,respectively.A:normal control group;B-G:INH-treated for 3,7,10,14,21 and 28 d,respectively.The black arrows indicate inflammatory cells infiltration;the white arrow indicates liver cell swelling and hepatic cords disappeared.
2.2 異煙肼對(duì)大鼠肝組織SOD活性和MDA含量的影響
與正常對(duì)照組相比,給予異煙肼后各個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)大鼠肝SOD活性總體降低(P<0.05),在28 d組下降至最低(F=3.318,P=0.013)。肝組織中MDA含量在14,21和28 d顯著升高(P<0.05)(圖2),提示異煙肼的代謝產(chǎn)物作用于大鼠肝細(xì)胞,使肝細(xì)胞發(fā)生了過(guò)氧化反應(yīng)。
Tab.1 Effect of INH on score of liver injury of rats
Fig.2 Effect of INH on superoxide dismutase(SOD) activity and malondialdehyde(MDA)content in liver tissue of rats.See Fig.1 for the rat treatment.SOD activity and MDA content were detected by colorimetric method.±s,n=8. *P<0.05,compared with the 3 d group(SOD)or the 10 d group (MDA);#P<0.05,compared with corresponding normal control group.
2.3 異煙肼對(duì)大鼠肝組織組蛋白H4K5和H4K8乙酰化水平的影響
圖3結(jié)果表明,與正常對(duì)照組相比,異煙肼組大鼠肝組織組蛋白H4K5和H4K8呈低乙酰化水平(F值分別為141.69和50.41,均P<0.001);在不同的給藥天數(shù)后,大鼠肝組織中組蛋白H4K5和H4K8皆發(fā)生不同程度去乙?;^(guò)程(F=2.41,P=0.043;F=2.45,P=0.04),乙?;较陆?經(jīng)析因分析發(fā)現(xiàn),異煙肼因素和時(shí)間因素存在交互效應(yīng),表明隨著給藥時(shí)間的延長(zhǎng),異煙肼及其代謝產(chǎn)物干擾了組蛋白H4K5和H4K8的乙酰化狀態(tài),加速肝損傷的發(fā)生。正常對(duì)照組兩指標(biāo)的變化在各時(shí)間點(diǎn)均無(wú)明顯差異。
Fig.3 Effect of INH on global histone H4K5(A)/H4K8(B)acetylation levels in liver tissue of SD rats detected by Western blotting.See Fig.1 for the rat treatment.H4K5ac and H4K8ac:acetylated H4K5/H4K8.IA:integrated absorbance. B1 and B2 were the semi-quantitative results of A1 and A2,respec?tively.±s,n=8.*P<0.05,compared with corresponding normal control group;#P<0.05,compared with the 14 d group.
2.4 異煙肼對(duì)大鼠肝組織HAT和HDAC活性的影響
圖4結(jié)果可見(jiàn),與正常對(duì)照組相比,異煙肼組大鼠肝組織HAT呈低活性狀態(tài)(P<0.05),HDAC呈高活性狀態(tài)(P<0.05)。異煙肼處理3 d,HAT活性即顯著降低(P<0.05),HDAC活性顯著升高(P<0.05),至21 d時(shí)HAT和HDAC活性基本恢復(fù)至正常對(duì)照組水平。正常對(duì)照組兩指標(biāo)在各時(shí)間點(diǎn)均無(wú)顯著變化。異煙肼因素和時(shí)間因素存在交互效應(yīng),表明隨著給藥時(shí)間的延長(zhǎng),HAT和HDAC蛋白動(dòng)態(tài)表達(dá)的失衡,影響組蛋白H4K5、H4K8的乙?;癄顟B(tài)。結(jié)果提示,異煙肼可能通過(guò)干擾HAT和HDAC的活性影響組蛋白H4乙?;臓顟B(tài)。
Fig 4.Effect of INH on histone acetyltransferase(HAT)and histone deacetylase(HDAC)activities in liver tissue of SD rats detected by ELISA.See Fig.1 for the rat treatment.x±s,n=8.*P<0.05,compared with corre?sponding normal control group;#P<0.05,compared with the 21 d group.
本研究結(jié)果表明,異煙肼誘導(dǎo)肝損傷大鼠模型的肝組織中組蛋白H4呈低乙?;癄顟B(tài),與正常對(duì)照組相比HAT活性較低,HDAC活性增強(qiáng),表明組蛋白H4低乙酰化狀態(tài)可能參與到異煙肼致肝損傷。
研究報(bào)道,組蛋白H4乙?;揎椝鸬娜旧|(zhì)結(jié)構(gòu)改變與真核生物基因的表達(dá)調(diào)控密切相關(guān)[13],是基因轉(zhuǎn)錄的一個(gè)重要因素,也是一些疾病發(fā)生發(fā)展的誘因之一。有關(guān)肝相關(guān)疾病的研究表明,組蛋白H3和H4乙?;母淖兣c酒精性肝損傷有關(guān)[14-16];組蛋白H4乙?;癄顟B(tài)在肝細(xì)胞肝癌的發(fā)病機(jī)制中充當(dāng)了重要的角色;在乙型肝炎病毒相關(guān)肝功能衰竭中,循環(huán)組蛋白H3和H4作為內(nèi)源性損傷相關(guān)分子對(duì)肝細(xì)胞的損傷發(fā)揮著作用[17]。本研究結(jié)果表明,連續(xù)給予異煙肼使大鼠出現(xiàn)肝損傷,且在28 d內(nèi)呈逐漸加重狀態(tài)。光學(xué)顯微鏡下觀察發(fā)現(xiàn),在異煙肼的刺激下大鼠肝細(xì)胞損傷逐漸嚴(yán)重,由輕微的炎癥細(xì)胞出現(xiàn)到大量聚集,并出現(xiàn)碎片狀壞死及肝索消失。在此期間與正常對(duì)照組相比,異煙肼處理組組蛋白H4K5和H4K8呈現(xiàn)明顯的低乙?;癄顟B(tài)。據(jù)報(bào)道,高水平的氧化應(yīng)激反應(yīng)可抑制整體組蛋白乙?;潭龋?]。本研究結(jié)果表明,隨著給異煙肼時(shí)間的延長(zhǎng),大鼠肝組織中SOD活性呈下降趨勢(shì),而MDA含量在14 d之后一直處于較高水平,提示異煙肼的代謝產(chǎn)物作用于大鼠肝細(xì)胞造成了氧化損傷。同時(shí)組蛋白H4K5和H4K8乙?;潭瘸手饾u降低的趨勢(shì),于14 d處于最低水平狀態(tài),提示異煙肼藥物代謝過(guò)程可能影響了組蛋白H4乙酰化狀態(tài),推測(cè)其或參與到肝損傷的發(fā)生過(guò)程中。
組蛋白的乙?;揎検且粋€(gè)動(dòng)態(tài)可逆的過(guò)程,由HAT和HDAC共同調(diào)節(jié),HAT通過(guò)將乙酰輔酶A上的乙?;D(zhuǎn)移到組蛋白氨基端特定的賴(lài)氨酸殘基上完成乙?;揎?。HAT和HDAC通過(guò)乙酰化調(diào)控一系列轉(zhuǎn)錄因子的活性,參與疾病異常基因的表達(dá)[6]。許多證據(jù)提示,上述機(jī)制的失調(diào)參與了肝病的發(fā)生發(fā)展過(guò)程。在酒精性肝病的研究中認(rèn)為,乙醇在肝中的代謝過(guò)程需要乙酰輔酶A參與,大量的乙醇代謝會(huì)改變乙酰輔酶A的正常表達(dá),進(jìn)而或影響組蛋白乙?;癄顟B(tài),而引致酒精性肝損傷[18]。本研究結(jié)果表明,異煙肼的代謝過(guò)程同樣需要乙酰輔酶A的參與。異煙肼處理3 d即可見(jiàn)HAT活性降低,HDAC活性增強(qiáng),異煙肼可能通過(guò)影響HAT與HDAC間的平衡改變了組蛋白H4的乙酰化狀態(tài)。
綜上所述,組蛋白H4在異煙肼的刺激下呈低乙?;癄顟B(tài),可能參與到異煙肼致大鼠肝損傷的過(guò)程中。對(duì)于組蛋白H4低乙?;c異煙肼致大鼠肝損傷的關(guān)系仍需更深入的研究論證,為今后的ADLI預(yù)防性治療提供更詳盡的依據(jù)。
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Hypoacetylation of histone H4 during isoniazid-induced liver injury in rats
ZHU Ling-yan,LI Yu-hong,REN Qi,TIAN Shen-qian,WANG Yue,NIU Chen,SHI Zhe,F(xiàn)ENG Fu-min
(Hebei Provincical Key Laboratory of Occupational Health and Safety for Coal Industry,School of Public Health,North China University of Science and Technology,Tangshan 063000,China)
OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationships between acetylated histone H4 and isoniazid-induced liver injury in rats.METHODS Adult SD rats were ig given isoniazid 55 mg·kg-1once daily for 3,7,10,14,21 or 28 d,respectively.Pathological examination of liver tissue was observed by HE staining.The activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD)and content of malondialdehyde(MDA)of liver tissue were detected by biochemical method.Western blot was used to measure the expressions of acetylated H4k5/H4k8 in the liver.The activities of histone acetyltransferase(HAT)and histone deacet?ylase(HDAC)of liver tissue were detected by ELISA.RESULTS Compared with the control group af?ter isoniazid was ig given continuously,SOD activity in liver tissue showed a downward trend and was the lowest on the 28thday(P<0.05),while MDA content reached a high level after 14 d(P<0.05).Acety?late level of histone H4 at Lys5and Lys8was lower(P<0.05)and reached the lowest level on the 14thday(P<0.05),and then became a slightly higher.Three days after isoniazid was ig given,the liver activities of total HDAC increased(P<0.05)and HAT decreased significantly(P<0.05),but the activities of both returned to normal on the 21stday.CONCLUSION Isoniazid inhibits acetylation of histone H4 at Lys5and Lys8,which suggests that hypoacetylation of histone H4 may be involved in isoniazid-induced acute liver injuries in rats.
isoniazid;drug-induced liver injury;histone H4;histone acetylation
FENG Fu-min,Tel:13931482536,E-mail:fm_feng@sina.com
R978.3
A
1000-3002-(2016)11-1192-06
10.3867/j.issn.1000-3002.2016.11.010
Foundation item:The project supported by Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province(H2016209300)
2016-02-27接受日期:2016-11-10)
(本文編輯:齊春會(huì))
河北省自然科學(xué)基金(H2016209300)
朱凌妍,女,碩士研究生,主要從事傳染病防治研究;馮福民,教授,博士生導(dǎo)師,主要從事傳染病防治研究。
馮福民,Tel:13931482536,E-mail:fm_feng@ sina.com
中國(guó)藥理學(xué)與毒理學(xué)雜志2016年11期