劉建飛,彭宗清,夏 豪
441000湖北省襄陽(yáng)市中心醫(yī)院北區(qū)(劉建飛,彭宗清);武漢大學(xué)人民醫(yī)院(夏豪)
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·論著·
老年慢性心力衰竭患者甲狀腺激素、氨基末端腦鈉肽前體變化及其對(duì)預(yù)后的評(píng)估價(jià)值
劉建飛,彭宗清,夏 豪
441000湖北省襄陽(yáng)市中心醫(yī)院北區(qū)(劉建飛,彭宗清);武漢大學(xué)人民醫(yī)院(夏豪)
【摘要】目的分析老年慢性心力衰竭(CHF)患者甲狀腺激素、氨基末端腦鈉肽前體(NT-proBNP)變化及其對(duì)預(yù)后的評(píng)估價(jià)值。方法選取2012年5月—2015年2月在襄陽(yáng)市中心醫(yī)院心內(nèi)科住院的老年CHF患者120例作為CHF組,其中心功能Ⅱ級(jí)42例,心功能Ⅲ級(jí)47例,心功能Ⅳ級(jí)31例。另選取同期在本院體檢健康的老年人120例作為對(duì)照組。比較兩組受試者及不同心功能分級(jí)CHF患者血漿甲狀腺激素〔三碘甲狀腺原氨酸(T3)、甲狀腺素(T4)、游離三碘甲狀腺原氨酸(FT3)、游離甲狀腺素(FT4)、促甲狀腺激素(TSH)〕、NT-proBNP水平及左心室射血分?jǐn)?shù)(LVEF),并分析CHF患者血漿NT-proBNP水平及LVEF與血漿甲狀腺激素水平的相關(guān)性。根據(jù)CHF患者住院期間心血管事件發(fā)生情況分為心血管事件組42例和非心血管事件組78例,比較心血管事件組與非心血管事件組患者血漿甲狀腺激素、NT-proBNP水平及LVEF。結(jié)果CHF組與對(duì)照組受試者血漿T4、FT4、TSH水平比較,差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05);CHF組患者血漿T3、FT3水平及LVEF低于對(duì)照組,血漿NT-proBNP水平高于對(duì)照組(P<0.05)。不同心功能分級(jí)CHF患者血漿T4、FT4、TSH水平比較,差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05);心功能Ⅲ級(jí)患者血漿FT3水平低于心功能Ⅱ級(jí)患者,血漿NT-proBNP水平高于心功能Ⅱ級(jí)患者(P<0.05);心功能Ⅳ級(jí)患者血漿T3、FT3水平及LVEF低于心功能Ⅱ、Ⅲ級(jí)患者,血漿NT-proBNP水平高于心功能Ⅱ、Ⅲ級(jí)患者(P<0.05)。Pearson相關(guān)性分析結(jié)果顯示,血漿NT-proBNP水平與血漿T3、FT3水平呈負(fù)相關(guān)(r值分別為-0.335、-0.221,P<0.05),與血漿T4、FT4、TSH水平無(wú)直線相關(guān)性(r值分別為0.047、0.027、0.015,P>0.05)。LVEF與血漿T3、FT3水平呈正相關(guān)(r值分別為0.410、0.229,P<0.05),與血漿T4、FT4、TSH水平無(wú)直線相關(guān)性(r值分別為0.085、0.087、0.004,P>0.05)。心血管事件組與非心血管事件組患者血漿T4、FT4、TSH水平比較,差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05);心血管事件組患者血漿T3、FT3水平低于非心血管事件組,血漿NT-proBNP水平高于非心血管事件組(P<0.05)。結(jié)論老年CHF患者血漿T3、FT3水平較低,血漿NT-proBNP水平較高,T3、FT3、NT-proBNP可作為評(píng)估CHF患者病情嚴(yán)重程度及預(yù)后的指標(biāo)。
【關(guān)鍵詞】心力衰竭;甲狀腺激素類;氨基末端腦鈉肽前體;預(yù)測(cè)
劉建飛,彭宗清,夏豪.老年慢性心力衰竭患者甲狀腺激素、氨基末端腦鈉肽前體變化及其對(duì)預(yù)后的評(píng)估價(jià)值[J].實(shí)用心腦肺血管病雜志,2016,24(1):7-11.[www.syxnf.net]
Liu JF,Peng ZQ,Xia H.Changes of thyroid hormones and NT-proBNP and the estimated value on prognosis of elderly patients with chronic heart failure[J].Practical Journal of Cardiac Cerebral Pneumal and Vascular Disease,2016,24(1):7-11.
慢性心力衰竭(CHF)是心血管疾病的終末階段,是指由于血流動(dòng)力學(xué)改變及神經(jīng)內(nèi)分泌系統(tǒng)紊亂而導(dǎo)致心室重塑,最終引起心排血量下降的臨床綜合征。CHF預(yù)后極差,1年病死率約為30%,10年病死率高達(dá)90%[1]。腦利鈉肽(BNP)是由心室肌細(xì)胞分泌的一種心臟神經(jīng)激素,心室肌細(xì)胞受到牽拉刺激后分泌氨基末端腦鈉肽前體(NT-proBNP)。目前,NT-proBNP在診斷心力衰竭及評(píng)價(jià)心力衰竭患者預(yù)后方面的重要性已被證實(shí)[2-3]。甲狀腺激素對(duì)維持心血管穩(wěn)態(tài)起重要作用,有研究顯示,甲狀腺激素水平與CHF的發(fā)生發(fā)展關(guān)系密切。甲狀腺激素尤其是三碘甲狀腺原氨酸(T3)有明顯的心血管效應(yīng),包括降低外周血管阻力及促進(jìn)心肌舒張[4]。嚴(yán)重心力衰竭患者甲狀腺功能障礙主要表現(xiàn)為“低T3綜合征”,即總血清T3及游離三碘甲狀腺原氨酸(FT3)水平降低,而甲狀腺素(T4)、游離甲狀腺素(FT4)及促甲狀腺激素(TSH)水平無(wú)明顯變化[5]。本研究旨在分析老年CHF患者甲狀腺激素、NT-proBNP變化及其對(duì)預(yù)后的評(píng)估價(jià)值,現(xiàn)報(bào)道如下。
1資料與方法
1.1一般資料選取2012年5月—2015年2月在襄陽(yáng)市中心醫(yī)院心內(nèi)科住院的老年CHF患者120例作為CHF組,均符合美國(guó)心臟病學(xué)會(huì)/美國(guó)心臟病協(xié)會(huì)(ACC/AHA)關(guān)于CHF的診斷和治療指南中的診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。CHF患者中心功能Ⅱ級(jí)42例,心功能Ⅲ級(jí)47例,心功能Ⅳ級(jí)31例。另選取同期在本院體檢健康的老年人120例作為對(duì)照組。兩組受試者年齡、性別、吸煙史陽(yáng)性率、飲酒史陽(yáng)性率比較,差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05,見表1),具有可比性。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):(1)肝腎功能不全者;(2)近1個(gè)月內(nèi)服用過(guò)影響甲狀腺激素分泌的藥物者;(3)嚴(yán)重感染、創(chuàng)傷、腫瘤、結(jié)締組織病、血液疾病、電解質(zhì)代謝紊亂、甲狀腺疾病、慢性阻塞性肺疾病、肺動(dòng)脈栓塞者。本研究經(jīng)襄陽(yáng)市中心醫(yī)院倫理委員會(huì)批準(zhǔn),受試者均知情同意并簽署知情同意書。
表1CHF組與對(duì)照組受試者一般資料比較
Table 1Comparison of general information between CHF group and control group
組別例數(shù)年齡(x±s,歲)性別(男/女)吸煙史〔n(%)〕飲酒史〔n(%)〕對(duì)照組12065.4±11.175/4533(27.50)47(39.17)CHF組12068.7±15.287/3341(34.17)45(37.50)t(χ2)值1.9212.735a1.250a0.071aP值0.0560.0980.2630.791
注:a為χ2值
1.2方法受試者于靜息狀態(tài)下(靜息>30 min)抽取肘靜脈血3 ml,加入預(yù)冷的含抑肽酶(500 U/ml)和10%乙二胺四乙酸30 μl的真空抗凝玻璃試管中,3 000 r/min離心10 min,取上清液。采用酶聯(lián)免疫吸附試驗(yàn)(ELISA)檢測(cè)血漿NT-proBNP水平,采用化學(xué)發(fā)光免疫測(cè)定法檢測(cè)血漿T3、T4、FT3、FT4、TSH水平。采用西門子SEQUDIA心臟超聲診斷儀進(jìn)行二維超聲心動(dòng)圖檢查,探頭頻率為3~5 MHz,測(cè)量心臟各腔室大小,采用雙平面辛普森法計(jì)算左心室射血分?jǐn)?shù)(LVEF)。
1.3觀察指標(biāo)比較兩組受試者及不同心功能分級(jí)CHF患者血漿甲狀腺激素(T3、T4、FT3、FT4、TSH)、NT-proBNP水平及LVEF,并觀察CHF患者NT-proBNP水平及LVEF與甲狀腺激素水平的相關(guān)性。
根據(jù)CHF患者住院期間心血管事件發(fā)生情況分為心血管事件組42例和非心血管事件組78例,比較心血管事件組與非心血管事件組患者血漿甲狀腺激素(T3、T4、FT3、FT4、TSH)、NT-proBNP水平及LVEF。其中心血管事件包括嚴(yán)重心力衰竭、心肌梗死再發(fā)、惡性心律失常、靶病變血管重建及心源性死亡。
2結(jié)果
2.1CHF組與對(duì)照組受試者血漿甲狀腺激素、NT-proBNP水平及LVEF比較兩組受試者血漿T4、FT4、TSH水平比較,差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05);CHF組患者血漿T3、FT3水平及LVEF低于對(duì)照組,血漿NT-proBNP水平高于對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05,見表2)。
2.2不同心功能分級(jí)CHF患者血漿甲狀腺激素、NT-proBNP水平及LVEF比較不同心功能分級(jí)CHF患者血漿T4、FT4、TSH水平比較,差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05);不同心功能分級(jí)CHF患者血漿T3、FT3、NT-proBNP水平及LVEF比較,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);其中心功能Ⅲ級(jí)患者血漿FT3水平低于心功能Ⅱ級(jí)患者,血漿NT-proBNP水平高于心功能Ⅱ級(jí)患者,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);心功能Ⅳ級(jí)患者血漿T3、FT3水平及LVEF低于心功能Ⅱ、Ⅲ級(jí)患者,血漿NT-proBNP水平高于心功能Ⅱ、Ⅲ級(jí)患者,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05,見表3)。
2.3CHF患者血漿NT-proBNP水平、LVEF與血漿甲狀腺激素水平的相關(guān)性Pearson相關(guān)性分析結(jié)果顯示,血漿NT-proBNP水平與血漿T3、FT3水平呈負(fù)相關(guān)(r值分別為-0.335、-0.221,P<0.05),與血漿T4、FT4、TSH水平無(wú)直線相關(guān)性(r值分別為0.047、0.027、0.015,P>0.05)。LVEF與血漿T3、FT3水平呈正相關(guān)(r值分別為0.410、0.229,P<0.05),與血漿T4、FT4、TSH水平無(wú)直線相關(guān)性(r值分別為0.085、0.087、0.004,P>0.05)。
2.4心血管事件組與非心血管事件組患者血漿甲狀腺激素、NT-proBNP水平比較心血管事件組與非心血管事件組患者血漿T4、FT4、TSH水平比較,差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05);心血管事件組患者血漿T3、FT3水平低于非心血管事件組,血漿NT-proBNP水平高于非心血管事件組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05,見表4)。
表2 CHF組與對(duì)照組受試者血漿甲狀腺激素、NT-proBNP水平及LVEF比較
注:T3=三碘甲狀腺原氨酸,F(xiàn)T3=游離三碘甲狀腺原氨酸,T4=甲狀腺素,F(xiàn)T4=游離甲狀腺素,TSH=促甲狀腺激素,NT-proBNP=氨基末端腦鈉肽前體,LVEF=左心室射血分?jǐn)?shù)
表3 不同心功能分級(jí)CHF患者血漿甲狀腺激素、NT-proBNP水平及LVEF比較±s)
注:與心功能Ⅱ級(jí)比較,aP<0.05;與心功能Ⅲ級(jí)比較,bP<0.05
Table4ComparisonofplasmalevelsofthyroidhormonesandNT-proBNPbetweenCHFpatientscomplicatedwithanddidnotcomplicatewithcardiovascularevents
組別例數(shù)T3(μmol/L)FT3(nmol/L)T4(μmol/L)FT4(nmol/L)TSH(mU/L)NT-proBNP(ng/L)非心血管事件組781.92±0.487.28±2.64124.46±28.1613.25±1.472.48±1.67648.45±74.42心血管事件組421.33±0.285.41±1.87125.03±22.8512.96±1.322.51±1.822351.34±166.06t值11.6316.3320.1721.6080.133102.511P值0.0000.0000.8630.1090.8940.000
3討論
心力衰竭不僅發(fā)病率高,也是心臟病患者的主要死因。CHF多因慢性原發(fā)性心肌疾病和長(zhǎng)期心室壓力和/或容量負(fù)荷過(guò)重導(dǎo)致心肌收縮力減弱而不能維持心排血量,是各種心血管疾病的終末階段[6]。據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)我國(guó)中老年城鄉(xiāng)居民CHF患病率約為0.9%,其中以老年患者多見[7]。
患者發(fā)生心力衰竭時(shí)全身性或局部性神經(jīng)體液發(fā)生變化,主要包括交感神經(jīng)激活、血管緊張素Ⅱ及BNP水平升高等[8]。BNP是心室肌細(xì)胞分泌的一種多肽類心臟神經(jīng)激素,由32個(gè)氨基酸組成,其釋放與心室壓力負(fù)荷以及心室容積擴(kuò)張關(guān)系密切[9]。心力衰竭時(shí)血漿BNP水平明顯升高,其主要作用包括利尿及抑制腎素-血管緊張素-醛固酮系統(tǒng)等,對(duì)血壓、血容量及心功能的維護(hù)均有重要影響。NT-proBNP無(wú)生物活性且在血漿中穩(wěn)定存在,與BNP水平有良好的一致性,且較BNP更便于檢測(cè)[10]。
甲狀腺激素有增加Na+-K+-ATP酶及Ca2+-ATP酶活性、促進(jìn)心肌細(xì)胞蛋白質(zhì)合成、提高心肌收縮力等作用。心力衰竭患者甲狀腺激素水平較低,從而導(dǎo)致心臟收縮功能下降,進(jìn)一步加速疾病發(fā)展[11]。Selvaraj等[12]研究發(fā)現(xiàn),血漿BNP水平與血漿T3水平呈正相關(guān), LVEF與血漿T3水平呈負(fù)相關(guān),且多因素logistic回歸分析得出FT3是心血管疾病死亡的獨(dú)立危險(xiǎn)因素,分析原因可能如下:(1)心力衰竭時(shí)機(jī)體處于應(yīng)激狀態(tài),兒茶酚胺及糖皮質(zhì)激素分泌增加,抑制5′-脫碘酶合成,使T4向T3轉(zhuǎn)化減少而導(dǎo)致血漿T3、FT3水平降低[13];(2)心力衰竭患者由于組織供氧不足、胃腸道淤血、營(yíng)養(yǎng)物質(zhì)吸收障礙、碘攝入量及甲狀腺激素與球蛋白合成不足而導(dǎo)致甲狀腺激素代謝異常[14];(3)甲狀腺激素受體密度上調(diào)且與T3親和力增強(qiáng),從而導(dǎo)致T3水平降低[15];(4)心力衰竭發(fā)生時(shí)機(jī)體缺氧、酸中毒及心肌損傷使組織對(duì)T3利用度增加,從而導(dǎo)致血漿T3水平降低[16]。
本研究結(jié)果顯示,CHF組患者血漿T3、FT3水平及LVEF低于對(duì)照組,NT-proBNP水平高于對(duì)照組;且在不同心功能分級(jí)CHF患者中,心功能Ⅲ級(jí)患者血漿FT3水平低于心功能Ⅱ級(jí)患者,血漿NT-proBNP水平高于心功能Ⅱ級(jí)患者;心功能Ⅳ級(jí)患者血漿T3、FT3水平及LVEF低于心功能Ⅱ、Ⅲ級(jí)患者,血漿NT-proBNP水平高于心功能Ⅱ、Ⅲ級(jí)患者;表明CHF患者的甲狀腺激素水平低于正常人,血漿NT-proBNP水平高于正常人,且心功能分級(jí)越差的CHF患者,其血漿T3、FT3水平越低,血漿NT-proBNP水平越高。Pearson相關(guān)性分析結(jié)果顯示,血漿NT-proBNP水平與血漿T3、FT3水平呈負(fù)相關(guān),LVEF與血漿T3、FT3水平呈正相關(guān)。心血管事件組與非心血管事件組患者血漿T4、FT4、TSH水平間無(wú)差異,心血管事件組患者血漿T3、FT3水平低于非心血管事件組,血漿NT-proBNP水平高于非心血管事件組,表明甲狀腺激素及血漿NT-proBNP水平對(duì)心血管疾病患者的預(yù)后具有一定的判斷價(jià)值,但本研究未對(duì)其具體機(jī)制進(jìn)行進(jìn)一步分析,有待于在今后的研究中予以完善。本研究結(jié)果顯示,心功能Ⅱ、Ⅲ級(jí)患者血漿T3水平間無(wú)差異,可能與檢測(cè)誤差有關(guān),因此有待更嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)难芯俊?/p>
綜上所述,老年CHF患者血漿T3、FT3水平較低,血漿NT-proBNP水平較高,T3、FT3、NT-proBNP可作為判斷CHF患者病情嚴(yán)重程度及預(yù)后的指標(biāo)。臨床應(yīng)重視對(duì)老年CHF患者血漿甲狀腺激素及NT-proBNP水平的監(jiān)測(cè),以改善老年CHF患者的預(yù)后及生存質(zhì)量。
作者貢獻(xiàn):劉建飛進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)與實(shí)施、資料收集整理、撰寫論文、成文并對(duì)文章負(fù)責(zé);彭宗清進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)實(shí)施、評(píng)估、資料收集;夏豪進(jìn)行質(zhì)量控制及審校。
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參考文獻(xiàn)
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(本文編輯:毛亞敏)
Changes of Thyroid Hormones and NT-proBNP and the Estimated Value on Prognosis of Elderly Patients With Chronic Heart Failure
LIUJian-fei,PENGZong-qing,XIAHao.
TheNorthDistrictofXiangyangCenteralHospital,Xiangyang441000,China
【Abstract】ObjectiveTo analyze the changes of thyroid hormones and NT-proBNP and the estimated value on prognosis of elderly patients with chronic heart failure(CHF).MethodsA total of 120 elderly patients with CHF were selected as case group in the Xiangyang Centeral Hospital from May 2012 to February 2015,including 42 cases with Ⅱ-grade cardiac function(served as A group),47 cases with Ⅲ-grade cardiac function(served as B group),31 cases with Ⅳ-grade cardiac function(served as C group);a total of 120 healthy old people admitted to this hospital for physical examination were selected as control group at the same time.Plasma levels of thyroid hormones(including T3,T4,F(xiàn)T3,F(xiàn)T4,TSH)and NT-proBNP,and LVEF were compared between case group and control group,in patients with different cardiac functional grading,and correlations between plasma levels of thyroid hormones and plasma NT-proBNP level,and LVEF were analyzed.According to the incidence of cardiovascular events,patients of case group were divided into D group(complicated with cardiovascular events,n=42)and E group(did not complicated with cardiovascular events,n=78),plasma levels of thyroid hormones and NT-proBNP,and LVEF were compared between D group and E group.ResultsNo statistically significant differences of plasma level of T4,F(xiàn)T4or TSH was found between case group and control group(P>0.05);plasma levels of T3and FT3,and LVEF of case group were statistically significantly lower than those of control group,while plasma NT-proBNP level of case group was statistically significantly higher than that of control group(P<0.05).No statistically significant differences of plasma level of T4,F(xiàn)T4or TSH was found among A,B and C groups(P>0.05);plasma FT3level of B group was statistically significantly lower than that of A group,while plasma NT-proBNP level of B group was statistically significantly higher than that of A group(P<0.05);plasma levels of T3and FT3,and LVEF of C group were statistically significantly lower than those of A group and B group,while plasma NT-proBNP level of C group was statistically significantly higher than that of A group and B group,respectively(P<0.05).Pearson correlation analysis showed that, plasma NT-proBNP level was negatively correlated with plasma level of T3(r=-0.335),of FT3(r=-0.221),respectively(P<0.05),was not linearly correlated with plasma level of T4(r=0.047),of FT4(r=0.027)or of TSH(r=0.015),respectively(P>0.05);LVEF was positively correlated with plasma level of T3(r=0.410),of FT3(r=0.229),respectively(P<0.05),was not linearly correlated with plasma level of T4(r=0.085),of FT4(r=0.087)or of TSH(r=0.004),respectively(P>0.05).No statistically significant differences of plasma level of T4,F(xiàn)T4or TSH was found between D group and E group(P>0.05);plasma levels of T3and FT3of D group were statistically significantly lower than those of E group,while plasma NT-proBNP level of D group was statistically significantly higher than that of E group(P<0.05).Conclusion Plasma levels of T3and FT3of elderly patients with CHF are significantly depressed,while plasma NT-proBNP level is significantly increased,T3,F(xiàn)T3and NT-proBNP play important roles in evaluating the severity of illness and prognosis.
【Key words】Heart failur;Thyroid hormones;N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide;Forecasting
(收稿日期:2015-09-13;修回日期:2016-01-11)
【中圖分類號(hào)】R 541.6
【文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼】A
doi:10.3969/j.issn.1008-5971.2016.01.003
通信作者:彭宗清,441000湖北省襄陽(yáng)市中心醫(yī)院北區(qū);E-mail:1845752066@qq.com
基金項(xiàng)目:國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金資助項(xiàng)目(81270184);湖北省醫(yī)學(xué)會(huì)中青年扶持計(jì)劃(HW-2009BNO.018)
【編者按】近年來(lái)心力衰竭的診斷及治療等方面的研究取得了巨大進(jìn)展,但由于心力衰竭發(fā)病率、致殘率及致死率較高,因此其仍是目前威脅人類健康的重大公共和社會(huì)問(wèn)題之一,也是當(dāng)前心血管疾病領(lǐng)域的熱點(diǎn)問(wèn)題和亟須解決的臨床難題之一。隨著我國(guó)人口老齡化進(jìn)程加快,老年慢性心力衰竭患者數(shù)量在不斷增多,準(zhǔn)確評(píng)估老年慢性心力衰竭患者病情嚴(yán)重程度及預(yù)后對(duì)指導(dǎo)臨床制定科學(xué)、合理、有效的治療方案意義重大。劉建飛等所在課題組研究發(fā)現(xiàn),老年慢性心力衰竭患者血漿三碘甲狀腺原氨酸(T3)、游離三碘甲狀腺原氨酸(FT3)水平較低,血漿氨基末端腦鈉肽前體(NT-proBNP)水平較高,對(duì)老年慢性心力衰竭患者病情嚴(yán)重程度及預(yù)后具有一定評(píng)估價(jià)值,具有一定借鑒參考價(jià)值,敬請(qǐng)關(guān)注!