河南 張英杰

單句語法填空專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練

河南 張英杰

1._______（behave）in this selfless and devoted manner，these little creatures have survived on Earth for more than 140 million years，far longer than dinosaurs.

2._______light moves into a material with a new speed，it bends and scatters.

3.One thing is clear for these larger animals，______（stay）transparent is an active process.

4.Group exercise is an opportunity to be social，release endorphin（s內(nèi)啡肽），and improve your_______（strong）.

5.Surrounding yourself with people whol’l provide you with respect support can be very beneficial while_______（work）towards reaching health and fitness goals.

6.The shade of the forest trees provides a home for birds and other specie（s物種） ______depend on the trees’flowers and fruits.

7.The destruction of such species could prevent researchers from finding cures________certain diseases.

8.Full-sun coffee production slows down the_______（lose）of shade trees.

9.Ⅲ-designed lighting washes out the darkness of night and completely changes the light levels—and light rhythms—________which many forms of life，including ourselves，have adapted.

10.Wev’e grown so used to this orange haze_______the original glory of an unlit night is wholly，beyond our experience，beyond memory almost.

11.The scale of our being，which is best measured _______the dimensions of a deep night with the Milky Way—the edge of our galaxy—arching overhead.

12.Dinner ended only after we had_______clear understanding of at least half a dozen such facts.

13.And by looking at us，listening to us，respecting our input，affirming（肯定）our value，giving us a sense of dignity，Papa was unquestionably our most_______（influence）teacher.

14._______someone spotted the boat，everyone would do last-minute tidying and change into fancy clothes.

15.After he steadied himself，he shook Glenn’s mother’s hand，and the inspection continued as though nothing ________（happen）.

16.A birdwatcher，_______（arm）with a telescope，found the pet sitting desperately on a rock.

17.It was，________Mr.Holden admitted，“a minor miracle（奇跡）”．

18.For example，just one of his cantaloupes filled the entire house with its sweet smell，and the taste was even _______（sweet）.

19.He lived in a time________the blind couldn’t get much education.

20.Over the years，the game_______（produce）using letters in different sizes and game boards in different colours.

21.Our students come from different backgrounds but have the same desire_______（learn）online.

22.Students receive_______（write）notice when the fine goes into effect.

23.Psychologists have suggested that science as _______effort—the desire to explore，explain，and understand our world—is simply something that comes from our babyhood.

24.The Pompidou Centre in Paris is showing its respect and admiration for the artist and his powerful personality _______an exhibition bringing together over 200 paintings，sculptures，drawings and more.

25.Looking back on your day，you will find it hard _______（deny）that a horseback safari is as close as you will ever come to answering the call of the wild.

26.She also operates a website， ______she shares her tips and recipes，with the goal of demonstrating that everyone has the ability to control what’s on their plate.

27.Investing（投入）in time for parenting and raising relationships is money wel___l____（spend）.

28.I was so frightened that I closed my eyes and _______（desperate）threw myself at that guy like a bulle（t子彈）—and stopped him cold.

29.So，always try to live a little bit_______your abilities—and youl’l find your abilities are greater than you ever dreamed.

30.I wonder how he would react if I_______（be）to read my newspaper out loud on the train.

31.I have never had the courage to do it，_______.

32.The late musician Dennis Brain is said_______（ask）a fellow train passenger to turn off his radio.

33.I________（do）read my newspaper out loud on a train，and it turned out well.

34.________（make）the work easier，workers may have smoothed the paths either with wet clay or with the fat from cattle.

35.However，physicist Joseph West thinks there might have been a simpler way，_______led the new study.

36._______household robots today do the normal housework，social robots will be much more like companions than mere tools.

37.These robots will be able to distinguish when someone is happy or sad，which allows them to respond more appropriately________the user.

38.The Jibo robot，arranged to ship later this year，is designed to be a personalized________（assist）.

39.The more positive an article，the_______（likely）it was to be shared，Dr Berger explains in his new book，Contagious：Why Things Catch On.

40.A scientist working at her lab bench and a six-monthold baby playing with his food might seem to have little _______common.

41.It is likely_______babies are not born knowing the basic fact of the universe；nor are they ever clearly taught it.

42.Instead，babies may form an understanding of object support through repeated experiments and then build on this knowledge to learn even more about_______objects interact.

43.A baby will come to accept the idea_______other people can have different views and desires from what he or she has.

44.Viewing childhood development as a scientific investigation throws light on how children learn，but it also offers an_______（inspire）look at science and scientists.

45.Perhaps evolution provided human babies with curiosity and a natural drive to explain their worlds，and adult scientists simply make use of the same drive_______served them as children.

46._______（fail）is probably the most exhausting experience a person ever has.

47.You can end up with_______astronauts call a carbondioxide headache.

48._______willing to get started，we cannot seem to do the job right.

49.Nothing like this________（do）before，and day after day I kept coming up with solutions，but none of them worked.

50.There is_______more tiring than not succeeding.

51.Its difficulties appear so great that， ______hard we work，we fail again and again.

52.Relieved，I sat back in an easy chair and fell_______（sleep）.

53.Success，then，means never_______（feel）tired.

54.This is despite evidence_______a dollar spent on risk-reduction saves at least two on reconstruction.

55.Better sewers（下水道）make_______less likely that heavy rain is followed by an outbreak of the disease of bad stomach.

56.One day，mentally exhausted，I wrote down all the reasons________this problem could not be solved.

57.When a person from one of these cultures is speaking and suddenly stops， ______may be implied is that the person wants the listener to consider what has been said before continuing.

58.Other cultures may use silence in other ways，_______（particular）when dealing with conflicts among people or in relationships of people with different amounts of power.

59.Spanish persons may use silence to show agreement between parties about the topic________discussion.

60.Since 1992，there________（be）multiple reintroductions to the wild，and there are now more than 150 flying over California and nearby Arizona，Utah and Baja in Mexico.

【參考答案及解析】

1.【解析】Behaving。考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。behave和句子謂語“survive”之間沒有連詞，且和句子主語“creatures”構(gòu)成主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語。

2.【解析】Every time/When。考查連詞。every time/ when在此處是連詞，引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句，在從句中作時(shí)間狀語，符合語境。

3.【解析】staying?？疾閯?dòng)名詞。staying在此處是動(dòng)名詞作主語，符合語境。

4.【解析】strength?？疾樵~性轉(zhuǎn)換。your是形容詞性物主代詞，修飾名詞作定語，故用名詞strength。

5.【解析】working?？疾槭÷?。本句是一個(gè)省略句，補(bǔ)充完整應(yīng)該是：while you are working。當(dāng)主從句主語一致時(shí)，從句的主語和系動(dòng)詞可以省略，故用working。

6.【解析】that/which。考查定語從句。that/which引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句，在從句中作主語，修飾先行詞“birds and other species”。

7.【解析】for。考查介詞。固定詞組搭配：a cure for sth.意為“……的治療方法”，符合語境，故用介詞for。

8.【解析】loss?？疾樵~性轉(zhuǎn)換。冠詞修飾名詞或代詞，故此處用名詞形式，即：loss，與介詞of呼應(yīng)。

9.【解析】to。考查介詞。固定詞組搭配：adapt to...意為“適應(yīng)”，符合語境，故用介詞to加which引導(dǎo)定語從句，在從句中作賓語。

10.【解析】that?？疾檫B詞。固定詞組：so...that...意為“如此……以至于……”，引導(dǎo)狀語從句，符合語境，故用連詞that。

11.【解析】against。考查介詞。against意為“反對(duì)，違反，倚，靠”，與語境measure呼應(yīng)。

12.【解析】a?？疾楣谠~。固定詞組搭配：have a/ an...understanding of意為“對(duì)……有所理解”，符合語境，故用不定冠詞。

13.【解析】influential。考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。修飾名詞的詞一般為形容詞，故應(yīng)用形容詞influential修飾名詞teacher，在句中作定語。

14.【解析】As soon as/When?？疾檫B詞。as soon as/ when是連詞，引導(dǎo)狀語從句，符合語境。

15.【解析】had happened。考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。連詞as though意為“好像”，后跟虛擬語氣，即：與過去事實(shí)相反時(shí)用過去完成時(shí)，與語境continued呼應(yīng)，故用had happened。

16.【解析】armed。考查非謂語動(dòng)詞?！癮rm”和句子謂語“found”之間沒有連詞，故用非謂語動(dòng)詞，且和句子主語“a birdwatcher”構(gòu)成邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用過去分詞作后置定語。

17.【解析】as?？疾槎ㄕZ從句。as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，在從句中作賓語，代指整個(gè)句子的內(nèi)容，意為“正如”，符合語境。

18.【解析】sweeter。考查形容詞比較級(jí)。much，far，any，even等副詞經(jīng)常修飾形容詞或副詞的比較級(jí)，且與系動(dòng)詞“was”呼應(yīng)，故用形容詞比較級(jí)的形式，即sweeter，作表語。

19.【解析】when?？疾檫B詞。when引導(dǎo)定語從句，在從句中作時(shí)間狀語，修飾先行詞“a time”，符合語境。

20.【解析】has been produced?？疾閯?dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。over+時(shí)間段，句子經(jīng)常用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，且“game”和“produce”構(gòu)成邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。

21.【解析】to learn?？疾榉侵^語動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)固定詞組搭配：have a desire to do sth.意為“想做某事”，符合語境，故用不定式形式。

22.【解析】written。考查非謂語動(dòng)詞?！皐rite”和句子謂語“receive”之間沒有連詞，故用非謂語動(dòng)詞，且和其邏輯主語“notice”構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用過去分詞作定語。

23.【解析】an?？疾楣谠~。effort在此處表示具體的行為，故用不定冠詞修飾，表示努力做某事。

24.【解析】with?？疾閣ith的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。with+名詞/代詞+非謂語動(dòng)詞/形容詞/副詞/介詞短語，即：with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，在句中作狀語，符合語境，故用介詞with。

25.【解析】to deny?？疾榉侵^語動(dòng)詞。固定句型：find it+形容詞+不定式，其中it作形式賓語，不定式作真正的賓語，符合語境。

26.【解析】where?？疾槎ㄕZ從句。where引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語，修飾先行詞“website”，符合語境。

27.【解析】spent?？疾榉侵^語動(dòng)詞?！皊pend”和句子謂語“is”之間沒有連詞，故用非謂語動(dòng)詞，且和邏輯主語“money”構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用過去分詞作后置定語。

28.【解析】desperately?？疾樵~性轉(zhuǎn)換。副詞修飾形容詞、副詞或動(dòng)詞，此處desperately是副詞，修飾動(dòng)詞“threw”，在句中作狀語，符合語境。

29.【解析】beyond。考查介詞。beyond是介詞，后跟名詞、代詞或動(dòng)名詞，意為“超越”，此處意為“力所不能及”，符合語境。

30.【解析】were?？疾樘摂M語氣。根據(jù)語境“how he would react”可知，本句是一個(gè)對(duì)現(xiàn)在情況虛擬的句子，故if條件句用過去時(shí)。此外，在虛擬語氣句中，be動(dòng)詞用過去時(shí)時(shí)，用were的形式，無論句子主語是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)形式。

31.【解析】though?？疾楦痹~。根據(jù)語境逗號(hào)提示可知，此處用副詞的形式，在句中作狀語，且結(jié)合句意可推知，此處表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故用副詞though。

32.【解析】to have asked?？疾榉侵^語動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)固定句型：it is said that...=sb./sth.is said to do，意為“據(jù)說”，且與語境“l(fā)ate”呼應(yīng)可知，時(shí)間已經(jīng)發(fā)生，故此處用不定式的完成時(shí)形式。

33.【解析】did?？疾閺?qiáng)調(diào)。根據(jù)語境“turned”可知，此處用過去時(shí)形式，且對(duì)謂語動(dòng)詞“read”進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào)，故用助動(dòng)詞did。

34.【解析】To make?？疾榉侵^語動(dòng)詞。此處不定式表示目的，與句子謂語“smooth”之間沒有連詞，符合語境。

35.【解析】who?？疾槎ㄕZ從句。who引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，在從句中作主語，修飾先行詞“physicist Joseph West”，符合語境。

36.【解析】While/Though/Although?？疾檫B詞。While/Though/Although意為“盡管”，是連詞，引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，符合語境。

37.【解析】to。考查介詞。根據(jù)固定詞組：respond to sb./sth.意為“回應(yīng)某人或某物”，符合語境，故用介詞to。

38.【解析】assistant?？疾樵~性轉(zhuǎn)換。根據(jù)語境冠詞a提示可知，此處是表示人的名詞，故用assistant。

39.【解析】more likely。考查形容詞比較級(jí)。根據(jù)固定句型：the more...the more...意為“越來越……”，符合語境，故用比較級(jí)形式。

40.【解析】in。考查介詞。根據(jù)固定詞組搭配：have something/nothing in common意為“有/無共同之處”，符合語境，故用介詞in。

41.【解析】that?？疾檫B詞。根據(jù)固定句型：It is likely that...意為“有可能……”，it作形式主語，that引導(dǎo)真正的主語從句，在從句中不作句子成分，符合語境，故用連詞that。

42.【解析】how?？疾檫B詞。how引導(dǎo)賓語從句，在從句中作方式狀語，與不及物動(dòng)詞“interact”呼應(yīng)。

43.【解析】that?？疾檫B詞。that引導(dǎo)同位語從句，在從句中不作句子成分，對(duì)同位語“idea”的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說明。

44.【解析】inspiring。考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。“inspire”和句子謂語“offers”之間沒有連詞，故用非謂語動(dòng)詞，且修飾物用現(xiàn)在分詞，表示“令人……”，符合語境。

45.【解析】that?？疾槎ㄕZ從句。在定語從句中，當(dāng)先行詞被so，such或the same修飾時(shí)，用關(guān)系代詞that引導(dǎo)。此處that在從句中作主語，不可省略。

46.【解析】Failure?？疾樵~性轉(zhuǎn)換。與語境“is”呼應(yīng)可知，此處缺少主語，故用抽象名詞failure作主語。

47.【解析】what?？疾檫B詞。what引導(dǎo)賓語從句，在從句中作賓語。

48.【解析】Though/While/Although?？疾檫B詞。根據(jù)語境可知，上下分句之間表示邏輯上的讓步關(guān)系，故用連詞though/although/while引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。

49.【解析】had been done。考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。before作副詞時(shí)，句子經(jīng)常用完成時(shí)，且與語境“kept”呼應(yīng)，故用過去完成時(shí)。此外，“this”和“do”在邏輯上構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用過去完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。

50.【解析】nothing。考查代詞。否定+比較級(jí)=最高級(jí)，符合語境，且在句中作表語，故用否定性代詞nothing，與語境“succeeding”呼應(yīng)。

51.【解析】however?？疾檫B詞。however引導(dǎo)狀語從句，在從句中作狀語，修飾副詞“hard”，符合語境。

52.【解析】asleep?？疾樵~性轉(zhuǎn)換。此處asleep是形容詞，意為“熟睡的”，與系動(dòng)詞fall構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)，符合語境。

53.【解析】feeling?？疾閯?dòng)名詞。固定詞組：mean doing意為“意味著”，符合語境，故用動(dòng)名詞作賓語。

54.【解析】that。考查連詞。that引導(dǎo)同位語從句，在從句中不作句子成分，對(duì)同位語“evidence”的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說明。

55.【解析】it?？疾檫B詞。it作形式賓語，代替后面真正的賓語，即：that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，符合語境。

56.【解析】why?？疾槎ㄕZ從句。why引導(dǎo)定語從句，在從句中作原因狀語，修飾先行詞“reasons”。

57.【解析】what。考查連詞。what引導(dǎo)主語從句，在從句中作主語。

58.【解析】particularly。考查副詞。副詞修飾形容詞、副詞或動(dòng)詞，甚至整個(gè)句子，作狀語。此處particularly是副詞，修飾整個(gè)從句。

59.【解析】under?？疾榻樵~。固定詞組搭配：under discussion意為“在討論中”，符合語境。

60.【解析】have been?？疾閯?dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。當(dāng)since意為“自從”時(shí)，主句經(jīng)常用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，且與“multiple reintroductions”形成呼應(yīng)，故填have been。

（作者單位：河南省新密市第二高級(jí)中學(xué)）