楊文秀,李品浩,陳 琴,裴媛媛
(貴州醫(yī)科大學(xué)病理學(xué)教研室,貴州貴陽(yáng) 550004)
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IL-6對(duì)Raji和OCI-LY8細(xì)胞生長(zhǎng)影響的分子機(jī)制**?
楊文秀,李品浩,陳琴,裴媛媛
(貴州醫(yī)科大學(xué)病理學(xué)教研室,貴州貴陽(yáng)550004)
[摘要]目的:觀察白介素-6(IL-6)對(duì)伯基特淋巴瘤(BL) Raji細(xì)胞和彌漫大B細(xì)胞淋巴瘤(DLBCL) OCILY8細(xì)胞生長(zhǎng)的影響,探討信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)子與轉(zhuǎn)錄活化-3(STAT3)及基質(zhì)金屬蛋白酶組織抑制因子-1(TIMP-1)分子在BL和DLBCL中發(fā)生發(fā)展的作用及其相互關(guān)系。方法:用不同濃度的IL-6(0、50、100、150及200 μg/L)分別培養(yǎng)Raji細(xì)胞和OCI-LY8細(xì)胞24 h、48 h及72 h(分別為對(duì)照組和不同濃度IL-6試驗(yàn)組),用MTT法檢查2株細(xì)胞生長(zhǎng)情況,用RT-qPCR檢測(cè)培養(yǎng)48 h時(shí)2株細(xì)胞STAT3、TIMP-1的mRNA表達(dá),用Western blot檢測(cè)100 μg/L IL-6培養(yǎng)48 h時(shí)Raji細(xì)胞的STAT3、p-STAT3及TIMP-1蛋白的表達(dá),流式細(xì)胞技術(shù)檢測(cè)100 μg/L IL-6培養(yǎng)48 h 時(shí)2株細(xì)胞的細(xì)胞周期變化。結(jié)果:與相應(yīng)的對(duì)照組比較,不同濃度IL-6試驗(yàn)組2株細(xì)胞在A490nm處OD值明顯降低,呈現(xiàn)藥物濃度依賴關(guān)系(P<0.01) ; 2株細(xì)胞內(nèi)的STAT3,TIMP-1的mRNA表達(dá)明顯升高(P<0.05),呈現(xiàn)出藥物濃度依賴關(guān)系(P<0.05),2株細(xì)胞內(nèi)TIMP-1與STAT3的mRNA表達(dá)呈正相關(guān)關(guān)系(r =0.982,P = 0.018) ; IL-6組Raji細(xì)胞中p-STAT3、STAT3和TIMP-1蛋白表達(dá)增高; IL-6組Raji和OCI-LY8細(xì)胞的G1期細(xì)胞都明顯減少、S期細(xì)胞明顯增多(P<0.05),G2-M期的Raji細(xì)胞無(wú)明顯變化而OCI-LY8細(xì)胞則明顯增多(P = 0.037)。結(jié)論: IL-6對(duì)Raji細(xì)胞和OCI-ly8細(xì)胞生長(zhǎng)有明顯作用,STAT3活化及其下游靶基因TIMP-1的上調(diào)表達(dá)可能是IL-6影響2株細(xì)胞生長(zhǎng)的重要分子機(jī)制。
[關(guān)鍵詞]淋巴瘤,B細(xì)胞;伯基特淋巴瘤;細(xì)胞培養(yǎng);信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)子與轉(zhuǎn)錄活化子-3;基質(zhì)金屬蛋白酶組織抑制因子-1;白細(xì)胞介素-6
網(wǎng)絡(luò)出版時(shí)間: 2016-02-23網(wǎng)絡(luò)出版地址: http: / /www.cnki.net/kcms/detail/52.5012.R.20160223.1909.022.html
信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)子與轉(zhuǎn)錄活化子3(single transducer and transcription activater-3,STAT3)是STATS家族的重要成員,多項(xiàng)臨床研究發(fā)現(xiàn),肝癌、乳腺癌、肺癌、胃癌等腫瘤中STAT3活性均發(fā)生高頻率的異?;罨?,且活化程度與患者的預(yù)后呈顯著負(fù)相關(guān)[1-4]。STAT3是EGFR、IL-6/JAK、Src等多個(gè)致癌性酪氨酸激酶信號(hào)通道的匯聚焦點(diǎn)[5],阻斷STAT3傳導(dǎo)通路可以阻斷多種腫瘤發(fā)生的機(jī)制。近年來(lái),以STAT3為靶點(diǎn)的腫瘤治療研究逐漸成為腫瘤基因治療研究的熱點(diǎn)。有文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道,伯基特淋巴瘤(Burkitt lymphoma,BL)和彌漫大B細(xì)胞淋巴瘤(diffuse large B cell lymphoma,DLBCL)中存在STAT3分子的異常,但其活化對(duì)BL和DLBCL影響的分子機(jī)制尚未完全清楚[6-7]。本研究觀察了STAT3激動(dòng)劑白介素-6(interleukin-6,IL-6)對(duì)BLRaji細(xì)胞和DLBCL-OCI-LY8細(xì)胞生長(zhǎng)的影響,并進(jìn)一步探討了STAT3和基質(zhì)金屬蛋白酶組織抑制因子-1 (tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase-1,TIMP-1)的活化是否是藥物作用的分子機(jī)制,為臨床治療BL和DLBCL尋找可能的基因靶點(diǎn)提供實(shí)驗(yàn)依據(jù)。
1.1實(shí)驗(yàn)材料
BL-Raji細(xì)胞株購(gòu)自中國(guó)科學(xué)院上海細(xì)胞庫(kù),DLBCL-OCI-LY8細(xì)胞株由復(fù)旦大學(xué)腫瘤醫(yī)院周曉燕教授惠贈(zèng)。細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)基RPMI1640購(gòu)自Hyclone公司,總RNA試劑盒購(gòu)自上海碧云天公司,RTPCR試劑盒購(gòu)自Invitrogen公司,抗STAT3(單克隆抗體)、抗TIMP-1和抗β-actin抗體購(gòu)自Santa Cruz公司,抗p-STAT3抗體購(gòu)自CST公司,IL-6購(gòu)自Pepro TECH公司,PCR引物由上海生工合成。
1.2方法
1.2.1細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)和分組分別將Raji細(xì)胞和OCI-LY8細(xì)胞置于RPMI1640培養(yǎng)液(含10%胎牛血清和1%青霉素/鏈霉素)及混合培養(yǎng)基(含 10%胎牛血清、90% IMDM和1%雙抗)中,在37℃、5% CO2飽和濕度的恒溫培養(yǎng)箱中培養(yǎng),每2~3 d換液1次,待細(xì)胞計(jì)數(shù)>1×106/mL時(shí),按1∶2~1∶3傳代培養(yǎng)。收集細(xì)胞并調(diào)節(jié)濃度為2× 105/mL,2株細(xì)胞分別加入不同濃度的IL-6(0、50、100、150及200 μg/L),分別為對(duì)照組和不同IL-6濃度試驗(yàn)組,繼續(xù)培養(yǎng)24、48及72 h。
1.2.2檢測(cè)細(xì)胞活力用MTT法對(duì)細(xì)胞生長(zhǎng)活力進(jìn)行檢測(cè)。分別于培養(yǎng)24、48及72 h后收集對(duì)照組和不同IL-6濃度試驗(yàn)組的Raji和OCI-ly8細(xì)胞,再于無(wú)血清培養(yǎng)基中培養(yǎng)24 h,同步化后于96孔板布板。每孔加入0.5% MTT 20 μL,繼續(xù)培養(yǎng)4 h,加入三聯(lián)溶劑(SDS 10 g +異丁醇5 mL + 10 mol/L HCl 0.1 mL,用雙蒸水溶解配成100 mL溶液) 150 μL,置搖床上低速振蕩10 min。鏡下觀察結(jié)晶物充分溶解后在酶聯(lián)免疫檢測(cè)儀490 nm處測(cè)量各孔的吸光值A(chǔ)。每組5個(gè)復(fù)孔,實(shí)驗(yàn)重復(fù)3次。
1.2.3檢測(cè)STAT3和TIMP-1的mRNA按試劑盒說(shuō)明提取細(xì)胞mRNA,檢測(cè)mRNA 260/280光密度比值。RT-qPCR擴(kuò)增檢測(cè)STAT3和TIMP-1的mRNA相對(duì)表達(dá)量。PCR循環(huán)參數(shù): 95℃10 min、90℃15 s、60℃1 min,40個(gè)循環(huán)。結(jié)果用2-ΔΔCT表示,以β-actin作為內(nèi)參照。mRNA相對(duì)表達(dá)量2-ΔΔCt= 2-[實(shí)驗(yàn)組(Ct目的基因-Ct管家基因)-對(duì)照(Ct目的基因-Ct管家基因)]。PCR引物序列和產(chǎn)物見(jiàn)表1。
表1 RT-qPCR引物序列及相應(yīng)產(chǎn)物Tab.1 The sequences of the primers for RT-qPCR and corresponding products
1.2.4 STAT3、p-STAT3和TIMP-1蛋白表達(dá)IL-6的最佳作用濃度取100 μg/L,收集該濃度下培養(yǎng)48 h足量的Raji細(xì)胞,用PBS洗滌3次后,加入一定量的細(xì)胞裂解液及蛋白酶抑制劑,冰上不時(shí)振蕩充分裂解30 min,12 000 r/m離心5 min后取上清液。蛋白樣品采用BCA法進(jìn)行定量后,進(jìn)行PAGE凝膠電泳,每孔上樣30 mg,10%聚丙烯酰胺凝膠電泳后轉(zhuǎn)至PVDF膜上,用5% BSA封閉p-STAT3、5%脫脂牛奶封閉其他目的蛋白后,分別加一抗孵育過(guò)夜(稀釋度:抗STAT3、抗p-STAT3、抗TIMP-1均為1∶500,抗β-actin為1∶1 000),二抗稀釋比例為1∶5 000,洗膜,加辣根過(guò)氧化酶偶聯(lián)的二抗孵育1.5 h、再洗膜。加ECL發(fā)光液顯色,暗室曝光,得到STAT3、p-STAT3和TIMP-1的條帶膠片,膠片掃描后用Gelpro32軟件分析。
1.2.5檢測(cè)細(xì)胞周期分別將Raji細(xì)胞和OCILY8細(xì)胞以70 000 mL接種于6孔板中,加入最佳作用濃度(100 μg/L)的IL-6培養(yǎng)48 h后,收集Raji細(xì)胞和OCI-LY8細(xì)胞,用流式細(xì)胞儀檢測(cè)細(xì)胞周期。
1.3統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法
使用SPSS 20.0統(tǒng)計(jì)軟件包。STAT3,TIMP-1 的mRNA及蛋白表達(dá)水平采用兩獨(dú)立樣本t檢驗(yàn),藥物作用的多組間比較采用單因素方差分析,多組間均數(shù)的兩兩比較采用SNK q檢驗(yàn),多組均數(shù)與一個(gè)對(duì)照樣本均數(shù)比較采用Dunnett t檢驗(yàn)。各藥物濃度組間兩分子表達(dá)之間的關(guān)系及分子表與藥物濃度的相關(guān)性關(guān)系采用Pearson相關(guān)性分析,以P <0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2.1細(xì)胞活力
與相應(yīng)的對(duì)照組比較,Raji細(xì)胞及OCI-LY8細(xì)胞490 nm處吸光度值在加入IL-6培養(yǎng)后顯著增高(P<0.05)。Raji和OCI-LY8細(xì)胞吸光度值與IL-6呈現(xiàn)出藥物濃度依賴關(guān)系,r和P依次為0.966、0.008及0.959、0.010。見(jiàn)圖1。
2.2 STAT3 mRNA和TIMP-1mRNA
各組細(xì)胞mRNA的A260/A280光密度比值為1.8~2.0,符合后續(xù)試驗(yàn)要求。RT-qPCR結(jié)果顯示,與相應(yīng)的對(duì)照組比較,2株細(xì)胞的試驗(yàn)組STAT3,TIMP-1的mRNA表達(dá)明顯升高,不同IL-6濃度試驗(yàn)組Raji細(xì)胞和OCI-LY8細(xì)胞之間STAT3 和TIMP-1的mRNA表達(dá)均有顯著差異(P<0.05),且2種基因mRNA表達(dá)都呈現(xiàn)出藥物濃度依賴關(guān)系(Raji細(xì)胞IL6與STAT3 r = 0.979,P = 0.021,IL-6與TIMP-1 r = 0.981,P = 0.019; OCILY8細(xì)胞IL6與STAT3 r = 0.996,P = 0.004,IL-6 與TIMP-1 r =0.973,P =0.027)。2株細(xì)胞TIMP-1與STAT3的mRNA表達(dá)呈正相關(guān)(r = 0.961、0.998,P =0.039、0.002)。見(jiàn)表2。
2.3 Raji細(xì)胞p-STAT3、STAT3及TIMP-1蛋白
與對(duì)照組比較,100 μg/L IL-6培養(yǎng)48 h時(shí)的Raji細(xì)胞p-STAT3及STAT3蛋白升高,P分別為0.026、0.001,見(jiàn)圖2。
2.4細(xì)胞周期
Raji細(xì)胞和OCI-LY8細(xì)胞G0/G1、S、G2-M各周期的細(xì)胞百分率差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P =0.001、P =0.001、P =0.000)。與對(duì)照組相比,試驗(yàn)組Raji和OCI-LY8細(xì)胞的G1期細(xì)胞都明顯減少(P = 0.031和P = 0.019),S期細(xì)胞明顯增多(P = 0.038和P = 0.034),G2-M期的Raji細(xì)胞無(wú)明顯變化(P = 0.63),G2-M期的OCI-LY8細(xì)胞則明顯增多(P =0.037)。見(jiàn)表3。
表2 不同濃度IL-6培養(yǎng)Raji和OCI-LY8細(xì)胞48 h時(shí)STAT3 mRNA及TIMP-1 mRNA水平Tab.2 The mRNA expressions of STAT3 and TIMP-1 in the Raji and OCI-LY8 cells treated with IL-6 for 48 h
表3 100 μg/L IL-6培養(yǎng)Raji和OCI-LY8細(xì)胞48 h時(shí)的細(xì)胞周期變化(±s)Tab.3 Propotion of the cell cycle in OCI-LY8 and the Raji cells cultured with 100 μg/L IL-6
表3 100 μg/L IL-6培養(yǎng)Raji和OCI-LY8細(xì)胞48 h時(shí)的細(xì)胞周期變化(±s)Tab.3 Propotion of the cell cycle in OCI-LY8 and the Raji cells cultured with 100 μg/L IL-6
(1)與相應(yīng)對(duì)照組比較,P<0.05
細(xì)胞 分組 細(xì)胞周期細(xì)胞(%) G1 S G2/M Raji Control 46.51±2.03 44.31±1.01 9.18±1 16.59±1.89 .90 IL-6 40.81±2.29(1)49.94±2.59(1)9.25±1.71 OCI-LY8 Control 55.74±2.55 30.42±2.27 13.88±0.40 IL-6 49.02±1.91(1)34.39±2.09(1)
圖1 IL-6對(duì)Raji、OCI-LY8細(xì)胞生長(zhǎng)的影響Fig.1 The effects of IL-6 at different concentrations for different times on the growth of the two kind of cells
圖2 100 μg/L IL-6培養(yǎng)48 h時(shí)Raji細(xì)胞中STAT3、p-STAT3、TIMP-1蛋白表達(dá)Fig.2 The protein levels of STAT3,p-STAT3 and TIMP-1 in the Raji cells with 100 μg/L IL-6
有研究發(fā)現(xiàn),JAK/STAT3信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)通路持續(xù)激活可導(dǎo)致細(xì)胞異常增殖或惡性轉(zhuǎn)化,該通路在侵襲性B細(xì)胞淋巴瘤侵襲及轉(zhuǎn)移過(guò)程中發(fā)揮重要作用[8-10]。用該通路的抑制劑可抑制STAT3在侵襲性惡性淋巴瘤細(xì)胞系中的活性。TIMP-1是基質(zhì)金屬蛋白酶組織抑制因子(tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases,TIMPs)家族中的一員。TIMPS是一個(gè)多基因家族編碼蛋白基質(zhì)金屬蛋白酶(matrix metalloproteinase,MMPs)的內(nèi)源性特異性抑制因子。關(guān)于TIMP-1的研究,一方面認(rèn)為它具有抗有絲分裂的活性,能促進(jìn)內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞增生,能與基質(zhì)膠原酶、基質(zhì)分解素及明膠酶(主要是明膠酶B)形成可逆的復(fù)合物,通過(guò)抑制MMPs的活化及其對(duì)ECM的降解、抑制ECM中相關(guān)凋亡蛋白的釋放,發(fā)揮調(diào)節(jié)細(xì)胞凋亡及促進(jìn)腫瘤細(xì)胞生長(zhǎng)的功能[11]。還有研究認(rèn)為,TIMP-1作為一種轉(zhuǎn)錄抑制劑抑制MMPs基因的轉(zhuǎn)錄;另一方面TIMP-1位于JAK/STAT信號(hào)通路的下游,其表達(dá)受JAK/STAT信號(hào)通路調(diào)控。后者可通過(guò)上調(diào)TIMP-1的表達(dá)而抑制大鼠腎小球系膜細(xì)胞凋亡[12]。近年來(lái),在人紅白血病細(xì)胞研究中又發(fā)現(xiàn)TIMP-1和JAK/STAT存在雙向調(diào)控作用[13]。在肝的纖維化研究中發(fā)現(xiàn)敲除STAT3基因之后,CCl4導(dǎo)致的肝纖維化中TIMP-1的高表達(dá)消失[14]。同時(shí)有研究發(fā)現(xiàn),TIMP-1可以由淋巴瘤細(xì)胞自分泌或旁分泌產(chǎn)生,通過(guò)B細(xì)胞生長(zhǎng)分化因子IL-10以及原癌基因bcl-xL來(lái)抑制細(xì)胞程序性死亡,從而延長(zhǎng)正常扁桃體B細(xì)胞、Burkitt淋巴瘤細(xì)胞的壽命[15]。還有研究發(fā)現(xiàn)TIMP-1與非霍奇金淋巴瘤的臨床分級(jí)相關(guān)。
IL-6是IL-6/JAK信號(hào)通路的激活劑[16-17],激活JAK后可促進(jìn)STAT3的表達(dá)及磷酸化,以磷酸化二聚體的形式進(jìn)入細(xì)胞核,與下游凋亡及細(xì)胞周期調(diào)控基因、基質(zhì)金屬蛋白酶等靶基因的啟動(dòng)子結(jié)合,調(diào)節(jié)腫瘤細(xì)胞的增殖凋亡和遷移等過(guò)程。本研究在培養(yǎng)的Raji和OCI-LY8細(xì)胞中分別加入不同濃度的IL-6后,發(fā)現(xiàn)細(xì)胞生長(zhǎng)活力增強(qiáng),呈現(xiàn)出藥物濃度依賴關(guān)系。2株細(xì)胞G1期均體現(xiàn)出減少的趨勢(shì),S期細(xì)胞明顯增多,處于G2-M的Raji細(xì)胞無(wú)明顯改變,而OCI-ly8細(xì)胞明顯增多。這表明JAK/STAT3信號(hào)通路對(duì)Raji和OCI-LY8細(xì)胞的生長(zhǎng)可能有明顯的影響。進(jìn)一步探討IL-6影響2株細(xì)胞生長(zhǎng)的相關(guān)分子機(jī)制,本研究檢測(cè)了細(xì)胞內(nèi)STAT3和TIMP-1的mRNA及蛋白表達(dá)情況。Raji細(xì)胞和OCI-LY8細(xì)胞內(nèi)STAT3基因的mRNA表達(dá)水平隨著IL-6濃度的增加而增高,TIMP-1和STAT3的mRNA表達(dá)呈正相關(guān)關(guān)系。在IL-6作用48 h后Raji細(xì)胞內(nèi)p-STAT3,STAT3和TIMP-1蛋白表達(dá)明顯升高,三者變化趨勢(shì)一致。提示IL-6作用下,TIMP-1蛋白的表達(dá)可能與STAT3的活化有關(guān)。
綜上,IL6能顯著促進(jìn)淋巴瘤Raji及OCI-LY8細(xì)胞的生長(zhǎng),并促進(jìn)細(xì)胞周期的運(yùn)行。其作用可能與細(xì)胞內(nèi)STAT3分子活化有關(guān),細(xì)胞內(nèi)TIMP-1的上調(diào)表達(dá)也可能是IL-6活化STAT3的結(jié)果。2種細(xì)胞內(nèi)STAT3的活化及其引起的TIMP-1的表達(dá)上調(diào)可能是IL-6影響淋巴瘤細(xì)胞生長(zhǎng)的重要機(jī)制,這可能是Burkitt和DLBCL淋巴瘤治療的新思路。
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(2015-12-20收稿,2015-12-31修回)
中文編輯:戚璐;英文編輯:趙毅
Molecular Mechanism of IL-6 Effect on the Growth of Two Lymphoma Cells
YANG Wenxiu,LI Pinhao,CHEN Qin,PEI Yuanyuan
(Department of Pathology,Guizhou Medical University,Guiyang 550004,Guizhou,China)
[Abstract]Objective: To observe the effects of IL-6 (interleukin-6) on the growth of Burkitt lymphoma (BL) cell line Raji and Diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) cell line OCI-LY8,and to investigate their effect on cellular growth and the relationship between changes of STAT3 (single transducer and transcription activater-3) and TIMP-1 (tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase-1) expression.
[Key words]lymphoma,B cell; Burkitt lymphoma; cell culture; single transducer and transcription activator-3; tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase-1; interleukin-6
*[基金項(xiàng)目]國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金(No.81160299) ;貴州省優(yōu)秀人才省長(zhǎng)基金(No.2011.125)
[中圖分類號(hào)]R559; R34
[文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼]A
[文章編號(hào)]1000-2707(2016) 02-0125-05
Methods: Raji and OCI-LY8 cells were cultured by varied concentration of IL-6(0 g/L,50 g/L,100 g/L,150 g/L and 200 g/L) for 24 h,48 h and 72 h.Viability of 2 strains of cells was measured by MTT.The mRNA expressions of STAT3 and TIMP-1 of 2 strains of cells were detected by RT-PCR,and p-STAT3,STAT3 and TIMP-1 protein expression of Raji cell cultivated by 100 g/L IL-6 for 48 h were detected by Western blotting.Cell cycle was examined by flow cytometry.Results: Comparing with control group,OD value at 490 nm decreased the two strain of cells treated by varied concentration of IL-6.It was presented concentration-dependence relationship(P<0.01) ; mRNA expressions of STAT3 and TIMP-1 in both cells exhibited positive correlation (r = 0.982,P = 0.018) ; protein expression of p-STAT3,STAT3 and TIMP-1 of Raji cells in IL-6 groups increased.Cells were distinctly reduced at phase G1 and increased at phase S in two types of cell of IL-6(P<0.05).The Raji cell atphase G2-M showed no significant change while OCI-LY8 cells increased significantly(P = 0.037).Conclusions: IL-6 has an obvious effect on the growth of Raji and OCI-LY8 cell.The activation of STAT3 and up-regulated expression of TIMP-1 might be important molecular mechanism for promoting the viability of Burkitt and DLBCL cell.