潘小蓮

說(shuō)明文是指以說(shuō)明為主要表達(dá)方式，來(lái)說(shuō)明事物的情況、特征或道理的文體。要求同學(xué)們通過(guò)對(duì)實(shí)體事物的解說(shuō)，或?qū)Τ橄笳淼年U釋，來(lái)介紹事物的形態(tài)、構(gòu)造、性質(zhì)、種類、成因、功能等。其特點(diǎn)在于說(shuō)明性、知識(shí)性和實(shí)用性。

⑴要仔細(xì)觀察，抓住事物的特征。說(shuō)明事物，不僅要抓住其外部形態(tài)特征，更重要的是要抓住事物的本質(zhì)特征。

⑵安排好合理的說(shuō)明順序。對(duì)于實(shí)體事物的建造過(guò)程、產(chǎn)品的生產(chǎn)過(guò)程、事物的演變過(guò)程等往往按時(shí)間順序來(lái)說(shuō)明；對(duì)于實(shí)體事物的形狀、構(gòu)造應(yīng)按空間順序來(lái)說(shuō)明；介紹事物的性質(zhì)、種類、功能和闡述事物的含義、原理、特點(diǎn)等應(yīng)按邏輯順序來(lái)說(shuō)明。

⑶要靈活地采用不同的說(shuō)明方法，如定義說(shuō)明、注釋說(shuō)明、舉例說(shuō)明、分類說(shuō)明、比較說(shuō)明、引用說(shuō)明、比喻說(shuō)明、描述說(shuō)明、數(shù)字說(shuō)明和圖表說(shuō)明等。

⑷要注意語(yǔ)言準(zhǔn)確，簡(jiǎn)潔平實(shí)，做到表達(dá)清晰、條理清楚、層次分明，具有嚴(yán)格的科學(xué)性。

⑸寫說(shuō)明文時(shí)通常采用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)，用于強(qiáng)調(diào)客觀事實(shí)。

介紹方位常用句型

It lies between ... and ...

It is located/situated in ...

Opposite to the ... stands ...

The door on your left leads you to ...

On your left lies a ...， with all kinds of ... in it.

Turning to the left， you will see ...， behind which is ...

In front of it is ...， with ... on its left and ... on its right.

Next to the door against the wall there is a ...， in which we sit to watch TV every evening.

介紹產(chǎn)品常用句型

... containing much top and new technique

... is a new kind of ... produced by ...， which is ...

Made of ...， it is light， small， and easy to carry.

... is famous for its excellent quality and reasonable price.

介紹國(guó)家城市常用句型

...， the capital of ...， lies in the middle of ...

... is provided for the convenience of customers/ visitors.

A walk around ... is a feast for the mind as well as the eye.

Walking past ...， the building that appears in front of you is ...

China is a large country with rich history and much population.

It is rich in natural sources such as coal and gold and has mild weather.

It has an area of 160，000 square kilometers with a population of over 90 million.

... is located at the foot of/ by the side of ...， to the east of ... and to the north of ...

Along the road are lines of trees， from which students can find shade from the hot sun.

Built in the 16th century， the castle has witnessed too much coming and going in history.

例1

一家賓館新開業(yè)，為吸引外國(guó)賓客，希望在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上進(jìn)行宣傳，請(qǐng)你用英語(yǔ)為其寫一篇文字介紹。主要內(nèi)容應(yīng)包括：

（1）地點(diǎn)：距長(zhǎng)白山入口處300米；

（2）房間及價(jià)格：?jiǎn)稳碎g（共30間），200元/天；雙人間（共20間），300元/天；熱水淋?。?/p>

（3）餐飲：餐廳（中、西餐），咖啡廳（茶、咖啡）；

（4）游泳池：全天免費(fèi)開放；

（5）歡迎預(yù)定。

注意：（1）詞數(shù)100左右，開頭語(yǔ)已為你寫好；（2）可適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。

Welcome to Baishan Mountain Hotel

Baishan Mountain Hotel is now open for business.

The hotel has an ideal location， only 300 meters to the entrance of the mountain. It has 30 single rooms and 20 double rooms， all with hot showers. The price is very reasonable： 200 yuan per day for a single room and 300 per day for a double room. It provides different kinds of services including three meals a day in the dining hall with choices between Chinese food and Western food， coffee and tea in the café， and a swimming pool open all day free of charge.

Welcome to Baishan Mountain Hotel. Reservation in advance is advised because it is a good choice for all tourists.

點(diǎn)評(píng) 從材料的呈現(xiàn)方式及材料所提供的要求可知，本文應(yīng)該用說(shuō)明文體來(lái)寫作。文章把握住了事物類說(shuō)明文的主要特征，語(yǔ)言客觀、精練。在說(shuō)明事物時(shí)對(duì)其特征進(jìn)行了歸類整理，文章條理清晰。在寫作過(guò)程中注意到了長(zhǎng)短句、主被動(dòng)句交替使用，語(yǔ)言錯(cuò)落有致，豐富精彩，高級(jí)句型和詞匯運(yùn)用恰當(dāng)，顯示出較強(qiáng)的語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用能力。文章覆蓋了所有主要內(nèi)容，完全達(dá)到了預(yù)期的寫作目的。

說(shuō)明一個(gè)你所熟悉的旅游景點(diǎn)：以Have you ever thought of visiting _____？ You should because it has special attractions.開頭，并且對(duì)你喜歡的景點(diǎn)進(jìn)行以下描述：

1. Why the place is famous in size？

2. What you can do there？

3. How good it is for you？

Sheng Nongjia

Have you ever thought of visiting Sheng Nongjia？ You should because it has special attractions.

Shengnongjia is a forest district. ① It lies in the northwest of Hubei Province， covering an area of 3，253 square kilometers. Such a vast area is heavily forested of tress， like，fir， pine and hemlock， and also inhabited by many precious animals， like golden monkey， leopard and bear. So it is a wonder tourist attraction， if you want to get close to nature.

Shennongjia is well known for its legend of savages. ③There are some reports showing evidence for them， like their hair and footprints， but there is no one who really has witnessed a savage in the last 30 years.

②The area has many mountains， with an average altitude of 1，700 meters. Because of that， the weather varies from the low places to the high places. The best time for visitors is from June to October. ④But if you go there between December and the next February， you can enjoy the fantastic snow scenery.

Finally， lets talk about the food there. There are many kinds of special dishes that you wont have in other places， especially its edible wild herbs. Thats really a feast for you！

點(diǎn)評(píng) 1. 開頭用詞組lie in， 動(dòng)詞cover直接點(diǎn)題：①It lies in the northwest of Hubei Province， covering an area of 3，253 square kilometers. Zhejiang Province.

2. with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)介紹神農(nóng)架的地理位置。②The area has many mountains， with an average altitude of 1，700 meters.

3.各種句式交替使用：除了簡(jiǎn)單句的使用外，還不乏有從句，并列句的句式轉(zhuǎn)換。如③There are some reports showing evidence for them， like their hair and footprints， but there is no one who really has witnessed a savage in the last 30 years.

④But if you go there between December and the next February， you can enjoy the fantastic snow scenery.

不足之處：1. 注意詞性：So it is a wonder tourist attraction， if you want to get close to nature. 此處wonder是名詞，應(yīng)當(dāng)改為wonderful（形容詞）。

2.有些介詞的使用過(guò)于單一，如like可以使用such as， plus等介詞短語(yǔ)或副詞代替，從而使其表達(dá)更加豐富、靈活。

The West Lake

Have you ever thought of visiting the West Lake？ You should because it has special attractions.

①Known as Heaven on earth， the West lake lies in the west of Hangzhou in Zhejiang Province.Its a famous urban lake in China.With an average depth of 2.27 meters， the lake is 3.3 kilometers long from north to south and 2.8 kilometers wide from east to west. The deepest site of the lake can be 5 meters.Two famous causeways， Su Causeway and the Bai Causeway， divides the West Lake into five parts.②The beauty of the lake not only lies in its lakes， but also in its mountains， the most two famous of which are Mount Lingying and Mount Longjing.

Throughout Chinas history， any poets，writers and even movie directors come here in search of inspiration under the attraction of the lake. ③In addition，there are a great number of preserved cultural relics here，which makes the West Lake a well-known tourist attraction of history and culture. On June 24， 2011， the West lake was officially listed in the “World Heritage” list.

You can breathe fresh air， and cycle around the lake. Whats more， one can always has a pleasant chat with his or her friends over the dragon well tea sitting beside the lake.

點(diǎn)評(píng) 1. 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞開頭簡(jiǎn)潔明了：①Known as Heaven on earth， the West lake lies in the west of Hangzhou in Zhejiang Province.在英語(yǔ)習(xí)作中，當(dāng)說(shuō)明文介紹某一事物時(shí)，除了定語(yǔ)從句這一常見的語(yǔ)法句型之外，非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是一個(gè)也不錯(cuò)的選擇。

2. 連詞巧妙連接，非限制定語(yǔ)從句準(zhǔn)確運(yùn)用。②The beauty of the lake not only lies in its lakes， but also in its mountains， the most two famous of which are Mount Lingying and Mount Longjing.該句用到了not only，but also這一連詞。而且用到了較為復(fù)雜的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)法the most two of which are Mount Lingying and Mount Longjing.可見作者的語(yǔ)言功底的扎實(shí)。

3.介詞短語(yǔ)自然過(guò)渡。③In addition，there are a great number of preserved cultural relics here，which makes the West Lake a well-known tourist attraction of history and culture.其實(shí)除了in addition之外，還有besides， whats more， additionally等過(guò)渡詞。

不足之處：1.主謂一致問(wèn)題：①Two famous causeways， Su Causeway and the Bai Causeway， divides the West Lake into five parts.很明顯句子的主語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)當(dāng)為divide。2. 文章的結(jié)尾有些唐突。

說(shuō)明文是高考英語(yǔ)書面表達(dá)比較常見的一種體裁，其特點(diǎn)是對(duì)事物或做事情的方法進(jìn)行客觀地介紹。

寫說(shuō)明文宜采用三段式：第一段主要介紹要說(shuō)明的對(duì)象及說(shuō)明的目的；第二段說(shuō)明事物的主要特征或做事情的方法步驟；第三段進(jìn)行總結(jié)概括。寫作時(shí)應(yīng)遵循以下幾個(gè)步驟：

1.仔細(xì)審題，明確說(shuō)明對(duì)象，抓住要說(shuō)明的事物或事理的主要特征。

2.選擇合理的說(shuō)明順序（時(shí)間順序、空間順序或邏輯順序）分層次進(jìn)行說(shuō)明，注意條理清晰。

3.選擇恰當(dāng)?shù)恼f(shuō)明方法，進(jìn)行說(shuō)明，并根據(jù)說(shuō)明順序及內(nèi)容確定過(guò)渡詞和恰當(dāng)?shù)木湫徒Y(jié)構(gòu)。文字應(yīng)客觀、簡(jiǎn)潔、明了，不必追求華麗和加入太多個(gè)人觀點(diǎn)。