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長鏈非編碼GATS表達(dá)干擾質(zhì)粒構(gòu)建抑制乳腺癌細(xì)胞增殖和侵襲的研究

2016-05-25 06:58易剪梅錢立元陳學(xué)東
關(guān)鍵詞:細(xì)胞周期載體熒光

易剪梅,錢立元,陳學(xué)東

(中南大學(xué)湘雅三醫(yī)院乳疝外科,湖南長沙410018)

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長鏈非編碼GATS表達(dá)干擾質(zhì)粒構(gòu)建抑制乳腺癌細(xì)胞增殖和侵襲的研究

易剪梅,錢立元,陳學(xué)東

(中南大學(xué)湘雅三醫(yī)院乳疝外科,湖南長沙410018)

摘要:目的探討長鏈非編碼GATS對(duì)乳腺癌細(xì)胞增殖和侵襲的影響。方法構(gòu)建的人LncRNA-GATS-shRNA1~4慢病毒載體轉(zhuǎn)染乳腺癌MDA-MB-231細(xì)胞后,qPCR篩選出干擾效率為50.0%和54.0%的sh1組和sh3組,MTT法和Transwell實(shí)驗(yàn)分別檢測轉(zhuǎn)染后細(xì)胞增殖和侵襲能力;流式細(xì)胞術(shù)檢測轉(zhuǎn)染sh1組慢病毒后細(xì)胞周期分布及凋亡變化。結(jié)果測序證實(shí),LncRNA-GATS的shRNA寡聚核苷酸序列已被克隆到pLV-GATS載體;轉(zhuǎn)染MDA-MB-231細(xì)胞后,與陰性對(duì)照組比較,sh1組和sh3組的乳腺癌細(xì)胞增殖和侵襲能力均降低(P<0.01),以sh1組更顯著;sh1組細(xì)胞周期被阻滯于S期(P<0.01);細(xì)胞凋亡率無明顯變化(P> 0.05)。結(jié)論LncRNA-GATS可能下調(diào)乳腺癌細(xì)胞侵襲力,并通過抑制細(xì)胞周期進(jìn)展降低細(xì)胞增殖能力。

關(guān)鍵詞:人LncRNA-GATS;shRNA干擾載體;MDA-MB-231細(xì)胞;增殖;侵襲

乳腺癌是婦女發(fā)病率最高的惡性腫瘤,其發(fā)病率占全身各種惡性腫瘤的7%~10%,近年來發(fā)病率不斷上升[1-3],其中三陰乳腺癌(triple negative breast cancer,TNBC)占20%[4]。三陰乳腺癌作為一種特殊的高危乳腺癌亞型,其侵襲性強(qiáng)、預(yù)后差、青年女性好發(fā),尋找其有效治療靶點(diǎn)迫在眉睫。長鏈非編碼RNA(long non-coding RNA,lncRNA)是一類長度> 200 nt的基因轉(zhuǎn)錄產(chǎn)物,占ncRNA的80%,既參與表觀遺傳、可變剪接、入核轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)等過程,也能以細(xì)胞微結(jié)構(gòu)原件、小RNA前體等發(fā)揮功能[5]。近年,大量研究證實(shí)lncRNA在白血病、前列腺癌、乳腺癌、結(jié)腸癌、神經(jīng)膠質(zhì)瘤、肺癌等多種腫瘤中異常表達(dá)[6-10]。課題組前期基因芯片篩選乳腺浸潤性導(dǎo)管癌中18條差異表達(dá)人lncRNA(P<0.01),其中GATS較正常組織明顯下調(diào)[11]。本試驗(yàn)構(gòu)建GATS-lncRNA-shRNA慢病毒載體,轉(zhuǎn)染人乳腺癌細(xì)胞MDA-MB-231,檢測其對(duì)乳腺癌細(xì)胞增殖、侵襲的影響。

1 材料與方法

1.1材料

1.1.1細(xì)胞、菌株與質(zhì)粒人乳腺癌細(xì)胞MDA-MB-231、HEK-293FT脂質(zhì)體轉(zhuǎn)染細(xì)胞、pLV-GATS-shRNA慢病毒載體及慢病毒包裝系統(tǒng)、慢病毒對(duì)照LV-shNC等均由長沙贏潤生物技術(shù)有限公司提供。

1.1.2主要儀器及試劑熒光定量PCR儀(BioRad公司)、總RNA提取試劑Trizo(l美國Invitrogen公司),Transwell小室(美國Corning costar公司)、流式細(xì)胞儀(美國BD公司),Annexin V-APC/PI雙染細(xì)胞凋亡檢測試劑盒(南京凱基生物公司),DMEM培養(yǎng)基(Gibco公司),胎牛血清(杭州四季青公司),THUNDERBIRD SYB R?qPCR Mix(日本TOYOBO公司)、dNTP、RevertAidTMReverse Transcriptase、RiboLockTMRNase Inhibitor、Taq DNA Polymerase(MBI公司)、培養(yǎng)基:RPMI 1640(美國Invitrogen公司)+10% FBS(美國Gibco公司)+1% p/s(雙抗誘液,碧云天公司)、胰酶液(美國Gibco公司)。

1.2方法

1.2.1細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)MDA-MB-231細(xì)胞用含10%胎牛血清的DMEM培養(yǎng)基,在37℃飽和濕度、含5%二氧化碳CO2的孵箱中培養(yǎng)。

1.2.2構(gòu)建慢病毒載體及細(xì)胞感染針對(duì)人GATS-lncRNA序列(NCBI Gen Bank,基因編號(hào):NR028038),利用YRgene shRNA庫設(shè)計(jì)干擾序列(見表1),構(gòu)建慢病毒重組載體pLV-GATS-lncRNA-shRNA1~4。取重組載體轉(zhuǎn)化至感受態(tài)細(xì)胞DH5α,同時(shí)設(shè)計(jì)空載體作為對(duì)照,挑選陽性克隆測序。將重組載體和包裝質(zhì)粒共轉(zhuǎn)染HEK293FT細(xì)胞,包裝慢病毒,4 d后用熒光顯微鏡技術(shù)觀察熒光表達(dá),計(jì)數(shù)病毒滴度。包裝好的GATS-lncRNA-shRNA 1~4慢病毒和陰性對(duì)照組(NC-shRNA),以MOI值50轉(zhuǎn)染MDA-MB-231細(xì)胞。

表1 GATS的lncRNA序列及人工合成的shRNA oligo序列

1.2.3逆轉(zhuǎn)錄(RT-PCR)檢測lncRNA GATS表達(dá)按Trizol裂解液說明書進(jìn)行細(xì)胞總RNA的抽提;按逆轉(zhuǎn)錄試劑盒說明進(jìn)行逆轉(zhuǎn)錄。GAPDH為內(nèi)參基因,GATS lncRNA的正向引物為5'-TAAGCAGAGGGCTACAGAA-3',反向引物5'-CAGGGAGATC AGGAGGAC-3';GAPDH的正向引物為5'-TGCACCACCAACTGCTTAGC-3',反向引物5'-GGCATGGAC TGTGGTCATGAG-3',按熒光定量PCR試劑盒說明配置反應(yīng)體系,熒光信號(hào)實(shí)時(shí)檢測,數(shù)據(jù)分析采用2-ΔΔCT(CT代表循環(huán)閾值)分析法。

1.2.4MTT法檢測轉(zhuǎn)染后MDA-MB-231細(xì)胞增殖篩選出干擾效率分別為50.0%和54.0%的sh1 和sh3組,取sh1、sh3及陰性對(duì)照組(NC組)3組MDA-MB-231細(xì)胞接種到96孔板,每孔接種8 000個(gè)細(xì)胞(100μl),每組設(shè)3個(gè)復(fù)孔。于慢病毒感染后48、72和96 h加入MTT溶液(20μl,5 mg/ml)。酶聯(lián)免疫監(jiān)測儀測定A490值。

1.2.5Transwell法檢測轉(zhuǎn)染后MDA-MB-231細(xì)胞侵襲轉(zhuǎn)染24 h后將60μl基質(zhì)膠稀釋于300μl無血清培養(yǎng)基中,取上述稀釋液100μl加入Transwell上室中,37℃培養(yǎng)箱中,孵育4~5 h。下室中加入600μl含有20%FBS的培養(yǎng)基。37℃培養(yǎng)箱孵育20~24 h,Transwell PBS洗2次,顯微鏡下計(jì)數(shù)5個(gè)高倍鏡視野細(xì)胞,計(jì)算平均數(shù)。每組設(shè)2個(gè)復(fù)孔,實(shí)驗(yàn)重復(fù)3次。

1.2.6流式細(xì)胞儀檢測細(xì)胞周期分布各組細(xì)胞慢病毒感染72 h后,經(jīng)0.2%胰酶處理,離心收集細(xì)胞,用4℃預(yù)冷PBS洗滌2次,在離心管中留約0.5 ml PBS,加入預(yù)冷的70%乙醇1 ml混勻固定,4℃放置過夜;離心離去乙醇,PBS清洗1次,在離心管中留1 ml PBS,打散細(xì)胞團(tuán),加入Rnase 5μl(10 mg/ml),37℃放置1 h,400目篩網(wǎng)過濾,加入PI(100μg/ml)染液,室溫避光染色30 min,流式細(xì)胞儀(FACS)檢測細(xì)胞周期。實(shí)驗(yàn)重復(fù)3次。

1.2.7流式細(xì)胞儀檢測細(xì)胞凋亡各組細(xì)胞慢病毒感染72 h后,經(jīng)0.25%胰酶處理,離心收集細(xì)胞,用4℃預(yù)冷PBS洗滌2次,然后用500μl結(jié)合緩沖液重懸細(xì)胞,調(diào)節(jié)其濃度為106/ml,然后取100μl細(xì)胞懸浮于5 ml流式管中,加入5μl Annexin V-APC混勻后,加入5μl PI混勻,于室溫避光孵育15 min,重懸于400μl PBS,400目篩網(wǎng)過濾,加樣于流式細(xì)胞儀(FACS)檢測細(xì)胞凋亡。激發(fā)波長Ex=488 nm,發(fā)射波長Em=530 nm。獲得細(xì)胞凋亡數(shù)據(jù)后用Mod Fit LT軟件進(jìn)行細(xì)胞凋亡相對(duì)定量分析。實(shí)驗(yàn)重復(fù)3次。

1.3統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法

采用SPSS 18.0統(tǒng)計(jì)軟件進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)分析,計(jì)量資料用均數(shù)±標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差(±s)表示,各組間比較用單因素方差分析,兩兩比較用Dunnett法。方差不齊用非參數(shù)檢驗(yàn)的Kruskal-Wallis H檢驗(yàn),兩兩比較用Dunnett's法,P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)意義。

2 結(jié)果

2.1重組人GATS-lncRNA-shRNA慢病毒載體測序和鑒定

經(jīng)測序分析,比對(duì)4種重組載體中插入的片段序列與設(shè)計(jì)的pLV-GATS-lncRNA-shRNA寡核苷酸序列完全一致。熒光顯微鏡下同一視野的熒光和可見光照片比較,可見大部分細(xì)胞發(fā)出熒光,病毒滴度分別為2×109TU/ml、6×108TU/ml、2×109TU/ml 和4×108TU/ml。

2.2RT-qPCR檢測GATS lncRNA表達(dá)

GATS-lncRNA-shRNA慢病毒轉(zhuǎn)染人乳腺癌細(xì)胞MDA-MB-231細(xì)胞,熒光顯微鏡證實(shí)轉(zhuǎn)染成功(見圖1)。RT-qPCR結(jié)果顯示,pLV-GATS-lncRNA-shRNA1~4慢病毒對(duì)GATS lncRNA干擾效率分別為50.0%、40.9%、54.0%和8.0%。

2.3MTT檢測轉(zhuǎn)染后MDA-MB-231細(xì)胞增殖能力變化

各組不同時(shí)相吸光度見表2,吸光度變化曲線見圖2。MTT檢測結(jié)果顯示,轉(zhuǎn)染后3組MDA-MB-231細(xì)胞的增殖水平在48、72和96 h差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.001);與對(duì)照組比較,sh1組的細(xì)胞增殖水平在48、72和96h差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P=0.000),sh3組的細(xì)胞增殖水平除在72 h差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P= 0.000),48和96 h差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P=0.182和0.110)。

2.4Transwell法檢測轉(zhuǎn)染后MDA-MB-231細(xì)胞侵襲能力變化

非參數(shù)檢驗(yàn)的Kruskal-Wallis H檢驗(yàn)結(jié)果顯示,慢病毒轉(zhuǎn)染72 h后,3組的細(xì)胞侵襲力差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.01),兩兩比較結(jié)果顯示與NC組比較,sh1組和sh3組的細(xì)胞侵襲能力有所下降(P<0.01),但差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。見圖3和表3。

2.5流式細(xì)胞儀分析細(xì)胞周期分布及凋亡

NC組細(xì)胞G1、S、G2期分別占(51.57±1.08)%、(28.04±1.23)%、(20.39±0.25)%,sh1組細(xì)胞G1、S、G2期分別占(37.60±1.00)%、(43.20±1.65)%、(19.20±0.66)%。與NC組比較,sh1組S期細(xì)胞比例明顯增高(P<0.01),說明轉(zhuǎn)染GATS-lncRNA-shRNA1后,MDA-MB-231細(xì)胞周期發(fā)生S期阻滯,見圖4。慢病毒轉(zhuǎn)染72 h后,3組的細(xì)胞凋亡率差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),不能認(rèn)為轉(zhuǎn)染GATS-lncRNA-shRNA會(huì)影響MDA-MB-231細(xì)胞的凋亡率。見表4。

圖1 GATS-lncRNA-shRNA慢病毒感染MDA-MB-231細(xì)胞(×200)

表2 各組不同感染時(shí)相細(xì)胞吸光值比較(n=3,±s)

表2 各組不同感染時(shí)相細(xì)胞吸光值比較(n=3,±s)

注:?與NC組比較,P=0.000

組別  細(xì)胞增殖48 h 72 h 96 h NC組 0.430±0.006 0.533±0.008 0.617±0.008 sh1組 0.349±0.010? 0.422±0.012? 0.504±0.007?sh3組 0.416±0.012 0.464±0.009? 0.602±0.009 F值 61.408 97.783 178.359 P值 0.000 0.000 0.000

圖2 MTT檢測轉(zhuǎn)染GATS-lncRNA-shRNA對(duì)MDA-MB-231細(xì)胞增殖的影響

圖3 轉(zhuǎn)染GATS-lncRNA-shRNA對(duì)MDA-MB-231細(xì)胞侵襲力的影響

表3 各組穿膜細(xì)胞數(shù)比較(±s)

表3 各組穿膜細(xì)胞數(shù)比較(±s)

注:?與NC組比較,P<0.01

組別  例數(shù)  細(xì)胞數(shù)  相對(duì)比率NC組 6 156.30±12.58 1.00±0.00 sh1組 6 91.20±28.61? 0.58±0.15 sh3組 6 112.2±38.59? 0.71±0.21 H值 15.348 P值 0.000

圖4 轉(zhuǎn)染GATS-lncRNA-shRNA1對(duì)MDA-MB-231細(xì)胞周期的影響

表4 各組細(xì)胞凋亡率的比較(±s)

表4 各組細(xì)胞凋亡率的比較(±s)

組別  例數(shù)  凋亡率/% NC組 3 1.94±0.32 sh1組 3 1.37±0.27 sh3組 3 1.93±0.24 F值 P值4.178 0.073

3 討論

國內(nèi)外學(xué)者認(rèn)為,乳腺癌MDA-MB-231細(xì)胞系能較好反應(yīng)TNBC特性[12-13],故本研究選擇該細(xì)胞作為細(xì)胞模型。Jin等[14]研究發(fā)現(xiàn),MALAT1在TNBC組織中上調(diào),體外下調(diào)MALAT1可以抑制乳腺癌細(xì)胞增殖、遷移和增加癌細(xì)胞凋亡;在活體下調(diào)MALAT1抑制腫瘤生長和轉(zhuǎn)移,其很可能通過miR-1/SLUG軸而產(chǎn)生作用。同源異型框基因反義基因間RNAs(HOX antisense intergenenic RNAs,HOTAIR),通過ERS和ER共調(diào)節(jié)因子,HOTAIR反轉(zhuǎn)錄的雌二醇誘導(dǎo)下的轉(zhuǎn)錄失衡,導(dǎo)致乳腺癌變,并發(fā)現(xiàn)HOTAIR在轉(zhuǎn)錄水平被E2調(diào)節(jié),對(duì)于乳腺癌細(xì)胞的生存發(fā)育是必需的[15-16]。

人lncRNA-GATS為基質(zhì)抗原3(stromal antigen 3,STAG3)基因的反向鏈(opposite strand),又名STAG3OS,定位于7q22.1,外顯子計(jì)數(shù)為8,長度71 580 bp。STAG3含有C-末端結(jié)構(gòu)域,一個(gè)28個(gè)氨基酸的保守的結(jié)構(gòu)域和一個(gè)86個(gè)氨基酸的結(jié)構(gòu)域。STAG3作為多亞基蛋白復(fù)合物的內(nèi)聚蛋白,在同源染色體分離的關(guān)鍵步驟中裝配/拆卸染色質(zhì),目前,確認(rèn)其在偶線期復(fù)合物或著絲粒著絲點(diǎn)中的功能尚不明確,其在腫瘤中異常激活的相關(guān)機(jī)制待闡明[17-18]。

本實(shí)驗(yàn)成功構(gòu)建人GATS-lncRNA-shRNA慢病毒載體[19-20],轉(zhuǎn)染乳腺癌MDA-MB-231細(xì)胞,MTT實(shí)驗(yàn)和Transwell實(shí)驗(yàn)發(fā)現(xiàn),GATS-lncRNA-shRNA1 和GATS-lncRNA-shRNA3組增殖和侵襲能力較均降低,以sh1組更為顯著;流式分析發(fā)現(xiàn)轉(zhuǎn)染GATS-lncRNA-shRNA1后細(xì)胞周期進(jìn)展被阻滯于S期,細(xì)胞凋亡率無明顯變化。該結(jié)果提示,GATS-lncRNA干擾后,細(xì)胞增殖受限可能并不是通過誘導(dǎo)凋亡來實(shí)現(xiàn),而是影響細(xì)胞周期來實(shí)現(xiàn)。

綜上所述,本研究首次探討lncRNA GATS在乳腺癌MDA-MB-231細(xì)胞增殖和侵襲過程中發(fā)揮的作用,提示GATS-lncRNA可能為乳腺癌治療的新的有效靶點(diǎn)。為進(jìn)一步研究GATS-lncRNA與STAG3在乳腺癌發(fā)生、發(fā)展和轉(zhuǎn)移的過程中的相互關(guān)系奠定基礎(chǔ)。

參考文獻(xiàn):

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[15] Bhan A, Hussain I, Ansari K, et al. Antisense transcript long noncoding RNA(lncRNA) HOTAIR is transcriptionally induced by estradiol[J]. J Mol Biol, 2013, 425(19): 3707-3722.

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(張蕾編輯)

論著

Inhibitory regulation of human long non-coding RNA GATS on proliferation and invasion of breast cancer cells

Jian-mei Yi, Li-yuan Qian, Xue-dong Chen
(Department of Breast, Thyroid and Hernia Surgery, the 3rd Affiliated Hospital of Xiangya, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410018, China)

Abstract:Objective To investigate the effect of human long non-coding RNA GATS on proliferation and invasion of breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells. Methods Four human GATS-lncRNA-specific oligonucleotide sequences were designed and synthesized previously, then were inserted into the pLV-GATS vector. After infecting the MDAMB-231 cells, transfection efficiencies of GATS-lncRNA-shRNA1 and GATS-lncRNA-shRNA3 were analyzed and screened by qPCR, which were 50.0% and 54.0% respectively. MTT and Transwell assays were used to detect the proliferation and invasion ability of the transfected cells, respectively. Flow cytometry was used to search the changes of cell cycle distribution and apoptosis of the MDA-MB-231 cells transfected GATS-lncRNA-shRNA1 lentiviral vector. Results Compared with the cells transfected with scrambled shRNA, the proliferation and invasion ability of cells the sh1 group and sh3 group was inhibited, especially t-hose the sh1 group. Flow cytometry showed the sh1 group cell cycle was arrested in S phase, and the cell apoptosis rate had no significant change (P > 0.05). Conclusions lncRNA GATS inhibits the invasion of breast cancer cells, and down regulates the proliferation of tumor cells through arresting cell cycle in S phase.

Keywords:Human lncRNA GATS; short hairpin RNA interference vector; MDA-MB-231 cells; proliferation; invasion

收稿日期:2016-01-27

文章編號(hào):1005-8982(2016)08-0017-05

DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1005-8982.2016.08.004

中圖分類號(hào):R655.8

文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼:A

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