陳江平
(岳池縣人民醫(yī)院 泌尿外科, 四川 岳池 638399)
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TURP和TPKEP對(duì)良性前列腺增生癥近遠(yuǎn)期療效的影響*
陳江平
(岳池縣人民醫(yī)院 泌尿外科, 四川 岳池638399)
[摘要]目的: 探討經(jīng)尿道前列腺電切術(shù)(TURP)與經(jīng)尿道前列腺等離子剜除術(shù)(TPKEP)治療良性前列腺增生癥(BPH)近遠(yuǎn)期療效的影響。方法: 124例BPH患者,根據(jù)手術(shù)方式的分為對(duì)照組(60例,行TURP)和TPKEP組(64例,行TPKEP),記錄兩組患者手術(shù)時(shí)間、切除前列腺質(zhì)量、術(shù)中出血量、膀胱沖洗時(shí)間、留置導(dǎo)尿管時(shí)間及術(shù)后住院時(shí)間,分別于手術(shù)前及術(shù)后6月時(shí)進(jìn)行IPSS評(píng)分、殘余尿流量(RUV)、QOL評(píng)分及最大尿流率(Qmax),評(píng)價(jià)遠(yuǎn)期療效;比較兩組患者術(shù)中并發(fā)癥、術(shù)后近期及遠(yuǎn)期并發(fā)癥。結(jié)果: TPKEP組術(shù)中出血量、手術(shù)時(shí)間、沖洗膀胱時(shí)間、留置導(dǎo)尿管時(shí)間及術(shù)后住院時(shí)間短于對(duì)照組(P<0.05),而切除前列腺質(zhì)量大于對(duì)照組(P<0.05);兩組術(shù)后6月時(shí)IPSS、RUV及QOL評(píng)分低于治療前, Qmax高于治療前(P<0.05);兩組術(shù)后6月時(shí)IPSS評(píng)分、RUV、QOL評(píng)分及Qmax比較,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05);TPKEP組術(shù)中并發(fā)癥、術(shù)后早期并發(fā)癥總發(fā)生率顯著低于對(duì)照組(P<0.05),而遠(yuǎn)期并發(fā)癥總發(fā)生率比較,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。結(jié)論: TPKEP治療BPH效果優(yōu)于TURP。
[關(guān)鍵詞]經(jīng)尿道前列腺電切術(shù); 經(jīng)尿道前列腺等離子剜除術(shù); 前列腺增生,良性; 治療結(jié)果
良性前列腺增生癥(BPH)是男性常見的多發(fā)性疾病,臨床表現(xiàn)為尿失禁、排尿困難,嚴(yán)重影響患者生活質(zhì)量[1]。近年來,雖然藥物治療BPH取得一定的療效,但患者復(fù)發(fā)率較高,手術(shù)仍是治療BPH的有效手段[2]。經(jīng)尿道前列腺電切術(shù)(TURP)是目前治療BPH的重要手段,但患者術(shù)后并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率較高[3]。經(jīng)尿道前列腺等離子剜除術(shù)(TPKEP)是近年新發(fā)展的手術(shù)方法[4],本研究以TURP術(shù)患者為對(duì)照組,探討TPKEP術(shù)患者的治療效果。
1資料及方法
1.1臨床資料
選取124例中重度BPH患者做為研究對(duì)象,入組標(biāo)準(zhǔn): BPH患者并伴有明顯排尿功能障礙,國際前列腺癥狀評(píng)分(IPSS)>7分,生活質(zhì)量評(píng)分(QOL)>3分,經(jīng)直腸超聲測量前列腺體積為20~130 mL,血清前列腺特異抗原水平<4 mg/L,均簽署知情同意書。排除合并嚴(yán)重尿路感染、神經(jīng)源性膀胱或不穩(wěn)定膀胱患者,排除肝腎功能不全、既往尿道狹窄及伴有前列腺炎及術(shù)前經(jīng)病理組織確診為惡性前列腺癌患者。BPH患者根據(jù)手術(shù)方式分為對(duì)照組(60例,行TURP)和TPKEP組(64例,行TPKEP)。對(duì)照組患者年齡54~84歲,平均(65.3±3.2)歲,病程1~6年,平均(4.6±0.5)年;前列腺體積為20~120 mL,平均(62.5±4.2)mL。TPKEP組患者年齡52~84歲,平均(66.2±3.4)歲,病程1~6年,平均(4.9±0.8)年,前列腺體積為20~130 mL,平均(63.5±5.3) mL。兩組患者基本資料比較,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),具有可比性。
1.2方法
兩組患者手術(shù)時(shí)均行外膜外麻醉,采用英國Gytus公司提供的等離子切割系統(tǒng),TPKEP術(shù)在電切鏡下采用生理鹽水連續(xù)盥洗膀胱,觀察膀胱頸部、前列腺增生、雙側(cè)輸尿管開口、精阜及尿道外括約肌情況,并于精阜5~7點(diǎn)處采用電切鏡鞘逆行將前列腺中葉切除,采用電切鏡將外科包膜及腺體進(jìn)行鈍性分離,并于靠近膀胱頸4點(diǎn)及8點(diǎn)處不完全剝離前列腺組織,在12點(diǎn)處將前列腺側(cè)葉切除,前列腺切除后仔細(xì)觀察患者出血情況并止血;TURP術(shù)為在前列腺5~7點(diǎn)處將腺體切除,切除范圍從膀胱頸至精阜上緣并將腺體切除,然后將11~1點(diǎn)范圍的腺體切除,最后將精阜周圍腺體切割,術(shù)畢采用沖洗器將膀胱沖洗干凈。
1.3觀察指標(biāo)
(1)記錄兩組患者手術(shù)時(shí)間、切除前列腺質(zhì)量、術(shù)中出血量、膀胱沖洗時(shí)間、留置導(dǎo)尿管時(shí)間及術(shù)后住院時(shí)間,術(shù)中出血量采用脫脂棉稱重法計(jì)算,出血量=(吸血后脫脂棉重量-吸血前脫脂棉重量)。(2)分別于手術(shù)前及術(shù)后6 h進(jìn)行IPSS評(píng)分,并殘余尿流量(RUV)、QOL評(píng)分及最大尿流率(Qmax),評(píng)價(jià)遠(yuǎn)期療效。(3)記錄兩組患者術(shù)中、術(shù)后近期及遠(yuǎn)期并發(fā)癥,術(shù)后并發(fā)癥發(fā)生情況通過電話隨訪、門診隨訪等方式獲得。
1.4統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法
2結(jié)果
2.1手術(shù)情況及術(shù)后住院時(shí)間
TPKEP組術(shù)中出血量、手術(shù)時(shí)間、沖洗膀胱時(shí)間、留置導(dǎo)尿管時(shí)間及術(shù)后住院時(shí)間短于對(duì)照組,切除前列腺質(zhì)量大于對(duì)照組(P<0.05),差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),見表1。
表1 兩組BPH患者手術(shù)情況及
2.2遠(yuǎn)期治療效果
兩組BPH患者術(shù)后6月時(shí)IPSS評(píng)分、RUV、QOL評(píng)分顯著低于手術(shù)前,而Qmax高于手術(shù)前,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);兩組術(shù)后6月時(shí)IPSS評(píng)分、RUV、QOL評(píng)分、Qmax比較差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),見表2。
表2 兩組BPH患者遠(yuǎn)期治療效果比較±s)
(1)與手術(shù)前比較,P<0.05
2.3術(shù)中、術(shù)后近期及遠(yuǎn)期并發(fā)癥
TPKEP組術(shù)中并發(fā)癥、術(shù)后早期并發(fā)癥總發(fā)生率顯著低于對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),而兩組遠(yuǎn)期并發(fā)癥總發(fā)生率比較,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),見表3。
表3 兩組BPH患者術(shù)中、術(shù)后近期及
(1)與對(duì)照組比較,P<0.05
3討論
BPH是中老年男性常見多發(fā)性疾病,TURP是目前治療BPH的金標(biāo)準(zhǔn),但存在對(duì)于普通氣化電切術(shù)中無鹽盥洗液晶創(chuàng)面吸收后可能會(huì)引起患者出現(xiàn)電切綜合征、腺體切除體量不足、術(shù)中容易出現(xiàn)手術(shù)時(shí)間延長、增加患者術(shù)后感染風(fēng)險(xiǎn)、腺體切除不夠全面及遠(yuǎn)期復(fù)發(fā)率高缺點(diǎn)[5]。TPKEP是近年新發(fā)展的前列腺手術(shù),其是在TURP基礎(chǔ)上結(jié)合開放性手術(shù)及經(jīng)尿道手術(shù)的特點(diǎn),徹底地將前列腺組織切除[6-7]。本研究中TPKEP組手術(shù)時(shí)間、術(shù)中出血量、沖洗膀胱時(shí)間、導(dǎo)尿管留置時(shí)間及術(shù)后平均住院時(shí)間少于對(duì)照組,而前列腺切除質(zhì)量大于對(duì)照組(P<0.05),提示TPKEP術(shù)創(chuàng)傷更小,更安全可靠,有利于患者恢復(fù)。
本研究術(shù)后對(duì)兩組患者隨訪6個(gè)月,TURP術(shù)與TPKEP術(shù)具有相同的治療效果,說明兩種方法均能有效治療BPH,但TPKEP組術(shù)中并發(fā)癥、術(shù)后早期并發(fā)癥總發(fā)生率顯著低于對(duì)照組(P<0.05)。與TURP術(shù)相比,TPKEP術(shù)有以下優(yōu)勢:(1)手術(shù)過程中直接將前列腺外科包膜增生組織切除,類似開放手術(shù),使得手術(shù)方式更加徹底[8];(2)將前列腺尖部進(jìn)行鈍性分離,可有效避免損失尿道外擴(kuò)約肌,術(shù)中采用生理鹽水作為沖洗液能有效預(yù)防電切綜合征發(fā)生[9];(3)回路電極可減少前列腺組織損傷,預(yù)防神經(jīng)閉孔反射;(4)當(dāng)電極接觸前列腺時(shí)可自動(dòng)檢測被切割組織,預(yù)防包膜穿孔[10];(5)TPKEP術(shù)利用高頻電流釋放的射頻能量在前列腺組織表面形成電極高聚焦,使得深層小動(dòng)脈、靜脈及毛細(xì)血管能迅速閉合,從而降低術(shù)中及術(shù)后出血量[11];(6)TPKEP使得前列腺包膜更加完整,術(shù)野更加清晰,從而能有效縮短手術(shù)時(shí)間,降低患者術(shù)后并發(fā)癥發(fā)生風(fēng)險(xiǎn);(7)組織切除創(chuàng)面的厚度為0.5 mm,對(duì)前列腺創(chuàng)面影響較小,從而減輕患者術(shù)后尿路刺激癥狀[12]。
綜上所述,TURP與TPKEP術(shù)遠(yuǎn)期治療效果及遠(yuǎn)期并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率無顯著差異,但TPKEP術(shù)術(shù)中出血少、組織切除更加完全,術(shù)中、術(shù)后并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率低,患者術(shù)后恢復(fù)快等優(yōu)點(diǎn),TPKEP治療BPH效果優(yōu)于TURP。
4參考文獻(xiàn)
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[5] 潘鐵軍,魏世平,文瀚東,等.經(jīng)尿道等離子前列腺剜除術(shù)和前列腺電切術(shù)的療效比較[J].中華男科學(xué)雜志, 2012 (2):179-181.
[6] 卓棟,敖平,姜書傳,等.經(jīng)尿道前列腺等離子剜除術(shù)臨床應(yīng)用研究[J].安徽醫(yī)學(xué), 2012(12):1601-1603.
[7] 李勝,曾憲濤,郭毅,等.經(jīng)尿道等離子腔內(nèi)剜除術(shù)與經(jīng)尿道等離子雙極電切術(shù)比較治療良性前列腺增生的Meta分析[J].中國循證醫(yī)學(xué)雜志, 2011(10):1172-1183.
[8] Geavlete B, Stanescu F, Iacoboaie C, et al. Bipolar plasma enucleation of the prostate vs open prostatectomy in large benign prostatic hyperplasia cases-a medium term, prospective, randomized comparison[J].BJU Int, 2013(5):793-803.
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[11]許凱,劉春曉.經(jīng)尿道雙極等離子體前列腺剜除術(shù)治療良性前列腺增生癥1 100例[J].實(shí)用醫(yī)學(xué)雜志, 2012 (14):2395-2397.
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(2015-12-12收稿,2016-02-25修回)
中文編輯: 吳昌學(xué); 英文編輯: 趙毅
Short Term and Long Term Efficacy of TURP and TPKEP Treatment on Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia
CHEN Jiangping
(UrologySurgery,YuechiCountyPeople'eHospital,Yuechi638399,Sichuan,China)
[Abstract]Objective: To investigate the short term and long term efficacy of transurethral resection (TURP) and transurethral plasma enucleation (TPKEP) treatments for benign prostatic hyperplasia. Methods: A total of 124 BPH patients were divided into TURP group (n=62) and TPKEP group (n=62). Operation time, prostate mass of resection, peroperative bleeding, bladder washing time , urinary catheter remaining time and hospitalization time were all recorded. IPSS evaluation, RUV, QOL evaluation and Qmax were performed before surgery and 6 months after operation to assess long term efficacy. Comparing intraoperative complications, postoperative short term and long term complications. Results: Intraoperative blood loss, operative time, bladder irrigation time, catheterization time and mean postoperative hospital stay of TPKEP group were shorter than TURP group (P<0.05), while the prostatectomy mass was greater than TURP group (P<0.05). The evaluation of international prostate symptom score (IPSS), residual urine flow (RUV) and quality of life (QOL) score 6 months later of both groups were lower than before treatment, and maximum urinary flow rate (Qmax) was higher than before treatment (P<0.05 ). The IPSS, RUV, QOL evaluation of both groups after 6 months compared with Qmax showed no statistical significance (P>0.05). The rates of intraoperative complications, the overall incidence of early postoperative complications of TPKEP group were significantly lower than TURP group (P<0.05), while long-term complications of both groups were no significant difference in the overall incidence (P>0.05). Conclusion: TPKEP treatment presents better efficacy than TURP.
[Key words]transurethral resection; transurethral plasma enucleation; prostatic hyperplasia, benign; curative results and long term efficacy
[中圖分類號(hào)]R699
[文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼]A
[文章編號(hào)]1000-2707(2016)04-0491-04
網(wǎng)絡(luò)出版時(shí)間:2016-04-20網(wǎng)絡(luò)出版地址:http://www.cnki.net/kcms/detail/52.5012.R.20160420.1744.002.html