紀(jì)樂佳
在一篇200詞左右的語言材料中留出10個(gè)空白,部分空白的后面給出單詞的基本形式,要求考生根據(jù)上下文填寫空白處所需的內(nèi)容(1個(gè)單詞)或所提供單詞的正確形式。
從近兩年的高考全國(guó)新課標(biāo)卷來看,這10個(gè)空格,是“7+3”組合,即7空后給出了單詞的基本形式,3空沒有給任何提示詞,即純空格類題。
一、考點(diǎn)歸納
純空格題有以下六個(gè)考點(diǎn):
考點(diǎn)1:從句連詞
[例1 ] Id skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River 64 are pictured by artists in so many Chinese paintings. (2015 全國(guó)I卷)
解析:分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,空格處應(yīng)填引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞,先行詞是the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River,故填which/that。
考點(diǎn)2:并列連詞
[例2 ] But the river wasnt changed in a few days 64 even a few months. (2014 全國(guó)I卷)
解析:因前有“a few days”,后有“even a few months”,應(yīng)填表示“或者,甚至”的or。
考點(diǎn)3:介詞
[例3 ]... its only an hour away 66 car and offers all the scenery of the better-known city. (2015 全國(guó)I卷)
解析:句意為“從桂林坐車到此僅用一小時(shí)?!北硎尽俺塑嚒睉?yīng)是by car,故填by。
[例4] When a new day breaks, the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough to cool the house during the hot day; 67 the same time, they warm up again for the night. (2015 全國(guó)II卷)
解析:因at the same time是固定搭配,故填at。
考點(diǎn)4:冠詞
[例5] Now, years later, this river is one of 63 most outstanding examples of environmental cleanup. (2014 全國(guó)I卷)
解析:由空格后most outstanding可知,這是形容詞的最高級(jí),故填the。
[例6] Mr. Johnson lived in the woods with his wife and children. He owned 16 farm, which looked almost abandoned. (2015 廣東卷)
解析:由上下文可知,farm在文中是第一次出現(xiàn),且是泛指,故填a。
考點(diǎn)5:某些副詞
[例7]But I didnt care. A few hours 62 ,Id been at home in Hong Kong, with its choking smog. (2015 全國(guó)I卷)
解析:根據(jù)句中謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)(had been)和句意可知,這里表示“幾小時(shí)前”,故填表示時(shí)間的連接性副詞before。
考點(diǎn)6:助動(dòng)詞
[例8]Then the driver stoop up and asked, “ 68 anyone lose a suitcase at the last stop ?”(2014 全國(guó)II卷)
解析:根據(jù)句意和句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,這里需助動(dòng)詞來構(gòu)成一般疑問句,且由“stoop up and asked”可知應(yīng)是一般過去時(shí),由“anyone lose”中l(wèi)ose是原形可知,此處應(yīng)填助動(dòng)詞did。此題考查助動(dòng)詞,關(guān)鍵在于看懂句子,找出主語人稱與句子時(shí)態(tài)。
二、解題三步法
第一步,略讀語篇,理解大意。
第二步,分析句子結(jié)構(gòu),確定需填類詞。
第三步,根據(jù)句子意思,以及語法知識(shí)、固定搭配、特殊句型、前后邏輯等確定答案。
[例1]Maybe you have a habit 67 is driving your family crazy. (2014 全國(guó)I卷)
解題步驟:
第一步,讀上下文,理解大意:也許你有這樣一個(gè)習(xí)慣,這個(gè)習(xí)慣會(huì)使你全家人發(fā)瘋。
第二步,分析句子結(jié)構(gòu),可知應(yīng)填定語從句的關(guān)系詞。
第三步,根據(jù)語法知識(shí)分析:先行詞為habit,且在定語從句中作主語,應(yīng)填that/which。
[例2]There were many people waiting at the bus stop, 62 some of them looked very anxious and disappointed. (2014 全國(guó)II卷)
解題步驟:
第一步,根據(jù)語境,理解大意:有許多人在公交車站等車,其中一些人看起來非常焦急和失望。
第二步,分析句子結(jié)構(gòu),可知空格前后都是兩個(gè)完整的句子,應(yīng)填連詞。
第三步,因兩句間為并列的順接關(guān)系,故填and。
[例3]I got a place next 64 the window,so I had a good view of the sidewalk. (2014 全國(guó)II卷)
解題步驟:
第一步,讀上下文,理解大意:我的位置近窗。
第二步,分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,應(yīng)填介詞。
第三步,根據(jù)固定搭配next to (靠近,接近)可知應(yīng)填to。
[例4] The adobe dwellings (土坯房) built by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even 62 most modern of architects and engineers. (2015 全國(guó)II卷)
解題步驟:
第一步,據(jù)語境,理解大意:美國(guó)西南部的普韋布洛印第安人所建的土坯房贏得了最現(xiàn)代的建筑師和工程師的贊賞。
第二步,分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,由空格前的even和空格后的most modern可知是最高級(jí)。
第三步,根據(jù)語法規(guī)則,最高級(jí)前應(yīng)填the。
責(zé)任編輯 蔣小青