馬小娟
短文改錯題和語法填空題都是以考生常犯的語法錯誤為基礎(chǔ)設(shè)置的,著重考查考生的綜合語言運用能力和糾錯能力。這兩大題型中往往會有1題涉及定語從句的關(guān)系詞,而考生對這一考點容易出現(xiàn)混淆的現(xiàn)象。下面就考生在定語從句關(guān)系詞的考查中易犯的錯誤進行分析:
1.[改錯]The playground is to the left of it, which we always have a lot of fun.
分析:一般說來,考生會以為引導(dǎo)一個非限制性定語從句就用which,易忽略分析which在非限制性定語從句中充當什么成分。本句的定語從句中,we是主語,a lot of fun是賓語,不缺主語也不缺賓語,不用which。該定語從句的先行詞是playground,在定語從句中充當?shù)攸c狀語,應(yīng)由where引導(dǎo),故改which為where。
2.[改錯]The day before yesterday, I went to the bookstore where is near our school to buy a reference book.
分析:錯誤的原因依然是沒有分析關(guān)系詞在定語從句中作何種成分,以為先行詞是表示地點的名詞bookstore,就用where引導(dǎo)定語從句。但由is near our school可知,引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系詞在定語從句中是作主語的,要用關(guān)系代詞,故改where為which或that。
3. [填空]Bars and Cafes are filled with party-goers________ come to show off their strange costumes.
分析:該題有部分考生填to(認為是to come),也有部分學(xué)生填and(認為前后是并列關(guān)系,are filled和come構(gòu)成并列謂語),還有部分學(xué)生填which,關(guān)鍵是考生不理解party-goers的意思,指的是來參加派對的人(people who are attending a party)。定語從句中缺少主語,且先行詞為指人的party-goers,因此用who/that來引導(dǎo)定語從句。類似的表示人的復(fù)合詞還有:film-goers(去看電影的人),film-makers(電影制片人),fire-fighters(消防員), hitch-hikers(搭便車的人), sky-jackers(劫機者),gate-keepers(門衛(wèi))等。
4. [填空]And he added that the fine new house being built on the mountainside_________ everyone was wondering about was his.
分析:考生看到空格前是mountainside,往往就覺得是表地點,毫不猶豫地填where。但正確答案是that/which,因為先行詞是the fine new house,在定語從句中充當about的賓語。
5.[填空]She also claimed that she was hated by other women in the workplace________ were jealous of her beauty.
分析:考生看到空格前是workplace,易誤填where表地點,但正確答案是who/that,因先行詞是other women,要填的關(guān)系詞在定語從句中充當主語。
考點點撥:在定語從句中關(guān)系詞的選擇有兩條依據(jù):一是找準先行詞,看先行詞是指人還是指事物,是時間還是地點等;二是弄清替代先行詞的關(guān)系詞在定語從句中充當何種成分。who指人,作主語;whom指人,作賓語;which指事物,可作主語或賓語;that指人或物,可作主語或賓語;作定語用whose;作地點狀語用where;作時間狀語用when。另外,先行詞是reason(s)且在從句中作狀語時用why。
高考鏈接:(保留原題號)
1. (改錯:2015全國新課標II )Having tea in the late afternoon provides a bridge between lunch and dinner,that might not be served until 8 oclock at night. (that改成which,引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句并在從句中作主語)
2.(填空:2014全國新課標I) Maybe you are facing an impossible situation. Maybe you have a habit 67 is driving your family crazy.(答案that/which引導(dǎo)定語從句并在從句中作主語)
3. (填空:2015全國新課標I) Id skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River 64 are pictured by artists in so many Chinese paintings. Instead, Id head straight for Yangshuo. (答案 that/which引導(dǎo)定語從句并在從句中作主語)
責(zé)任編輯 蔣小青
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