陳仁禎
考點一 考查be used to do sth的用法
be used to do sth其實是use sth to do sth(用某物做某事)的被動語態(tài)形式,其意為“被用來做某事”。比較下面的句子:
主動語態(tài):We used money to buy things. 我們用錢買東西。
被動語態(tài):Money is used to buy things. 錢被用來買東西。
主動語態(tài):People use boards to make floors. 人們用木板來鋪地板。
主動語態(tài):Boards are used to make floors. 木板可用來鋪地板。
考點二 考查be used to doing sth的用法
與前面一個結(jié)構(gòu)不同的是,這個 be used to 后面接的動詞用了動名詞,因為這里的to 是介詞,be used to 是個習(xí)語,意思是“習(xí)慣于”,所以 be used to doing sth 的意思就是“習(xí)慣于做某事”。如:
He is used to taking long walks. 他習(xí)慣于長途步行。
I am used to working in a noisy room. 我習(xí)慣于在喧鬧的房間里工作。
若要表示從不習(xí)慣到習(xí)慣的過程,可用 get、 become 等代替動詞 be。如:
They soon became used to driving on the left. 他們不久就習(xí)慣于靠左邊行車。
Youll soon get used to living in the country. 很快你就會習(xí)慣于住在鄉(xiāng)下了。
考點三 考查used to do sth的用法
與前面的兩個結(jié)構(gòu)相比,used to do sth有處明顯的不同,那就是它的前面沒有動詞be,這個used to后面要接動詞原形,而不是動名詞。這里的used to也是習(xí)語,意思是“過去經(jīng)?!薄斑^去常常”,尤其用于強調(diào)與現(xiàn)在的對比,即過去常常做某事但現(xiàn)在不做某事了。如:
I used to smoke, but I dont any more / any longer. 我過去常吸煙,但我現(xiàn)在已不吸了。
I never used to eat a large breakfast, but I do now. 我過去早飯吃得不多,可現(xiàn)在我吃得很多。
比較下面兩句,所用結(jié)構(gòu)不同,意思也不相同:
People living there used to take two meals a day. 住在那兒的居民過去每天吃兩餐。
People living there are used to taking two meals a day. 住在那兒的居民習(xí)慣于每天吃兩餐。
另外注意,used to do sth是一個很特殊的結(jié)構(gòu),它的否定式和疑問式有兩種構(gòu)成方式:一是借助助動詞did,二是直接將 used 用作助動詞。如:
I used not [didnt use] to like fishing, but now I do. 我過去不喜歡釣魚,但是現(xiàn)在喜歡了。
Used you [Did you use] to play football at school? 過去你在學(xué)校里常踢足球嗎?
【即學(xué)即練】用括號內(nèi)所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空:
1. The teacher told the students that these words cant be ________(use) before nouns.
2. It took weeks to get used to ________ (have) someone else around.
3. We used to ________ (have) someone to do the cleaning, but now we do it ourselves.
4. I ________ (use) to work in the garden every day but I lost heart when all the plants died.
5. The woman that spoke to me in the shop used to ________ (live) next door.
(參考答案:1. used 2. having 3. have 4. used 5. live)
(編輯 陳根花)