許 靜,房輝,李玉凱,張丹丹,張谷月,田駱冰,張 鶴,周 蕾,周 莉
(河北省唐山市工人醫(yī)院內(nèi)分泌二科,河北唐山063000)
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2型糖尿病男性患者血清羧化不全骨鈣素水平與抑郁狀態(tài)的相關(guān)性研究
許靜,房輝,李玉凱,張丹丹,張谷月,田駱冰,張鶴,周蕾,周莉
(河北省唐山市工人醫(yī)院內(nèi)分泌二科,河北唐山063000)
摘要:目的探討2型糖尿?。═2DM)男性患者血清羧化不全骨鈣素(ucOC)水平與抑郁狀態(tài)的相關(guān)性。方法選取唐山市工人醫(yī)院住院的T2DM男性患者420例作為研究對(duì)象。記錄患者的人口學(xué)資料,包括年齡、受教育程度、體重指數(shù)(BMI)、病程;收集其臨床檢驗(yàn)結(jié)果,包括空腹血糖(FPG)、糖化血紅蛋白(HbA1c)、總膽固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)、尿酸(UA)、同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)、超敏C反應(yīng)蛋白(hsCRP),酶聯(lián)免疫吸附法(ELISA)測(cè)定血清ucOC水平。采用抑郁自評(píng)量表(SDS)對(duì)患者的抑郁狀態(tài)進(jìn)行評(píng)定,根據(jù)SDS測(cè)定結(jié)果將患者分為伴抑郁狀態(tài)組和不伴抑郁狀態(tài)組。結(jié)果①T2DM男性患者抑郁的患病率為35.0%,輕度抑郁患病率為26.2%,中度抑郁患病率為6.9%,重度抑郁患病率為1.9%。②與T2DM不伴抑郁狀態(tài)組比較,伴抑郁狀態(tài)組患者病程較長(zhǎng),BMI、HbA1c、TG、Hcy、hsCRP水平較高,而ucOC水平較低(P<0.05)。③ucOC與TG、HbA1c呈負(fù)相關(guān),與HDL呈正相關(guān)(P<0.05)。④Hcy、HbA1c、病程、ucOC為T2DM男性患者抑郁的危險(xiǎn)因素,其中Hcy(?=1.245,P=0.023)、HbA1C(?=1.529,P=0.014)、病程(?=1.371,P=0.010)會(huì)增加抑郁的發(fā)病機(jī)會(huì),而ucOC(?=0.341,P=0.009)為保護(hù)性因素。結(jié)論T2DM男性患者血清ucOC水平降低可能是其出現(xiàn)抑郁的危險(xiǎn)因素之一。
關(guān)鍵詞:2型糖尿??;男性;羧化不全骨鈣素;抑郁狀態(tài)
2型糖尿?。╰ype 2 diabetes,T2DM)作為一種常見(jiàn)的代謝性疾病,不僅可以引起一系列的急、慢性并發(fā)癥,還可以對(duì)大腦產(chǎn)生影響,表現(xiàn)為大腦結(jié)構(gòu)、影像學(xué)及代謝功能的改變[1-2]。近年來(lái),T2DM與抑郁的關(guān)系越來(lái)越被大家所關(guān)注,研究表明,T2DM患者抑郁癥或者抑郁癥狀的發(fā)生率是非糖尿患者群的2倍[3],但是其確切的機(jī)制還不是很明確。羧化不全骨鈣素(undercarboxylated osteocalcin,ucOC)是成骨細(xì)胞分泌的一種非膠原蛋白,參與糖脂代謝過(guò)程,其水平下降與高血糖、胰島素抵抗、糖尿病、肥胖及代謝綜合征等疾病密切相關(guān)[4]。目前有研究發(fā)現(xiàn),骨鈣素基因敲除小鼠表現(xiàn)出抑郁、焦慮癥狀,而給予外源性u(píng)cOC可以改善上述癥狀[5]??紤]到女性雌激素對(duì)骨代謝的影響,因此本研究旨在探討2型糖尿病男性患者血清ucOC水平與抑郁狀態(tài)的相關(guān)性。
1.1 研究對(duì)象
選取2014年3月-2015年10月在唐山市工人醫(yī)院內(nèi)分泌科住院的2型糖尿病男性患者420例,均符合1999年世界衛(wèi)生組織糖尿病診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):①既往或目前正在服用抗抑郁藥物、糖皮質(zhì)激素、抗炎類藥物(如阿司匹林等)、性激素、噻唑烷二酮類、雙磷酸鹽、鈣劑、維生素K、華法林、維生素D;②既往有骨折病史;③伴有糖尿病急性并發(fā)癥及嚴(yán)重的糖尿病足、痛性神經(jīng)病變;④患有急、慢性感染性疾病;⑤伴有嚴(yán)重的肝、腎疾病、心力衰竭、肺部疾??;⑥伴有其他內(nèi)分泌相關(guān)疾病,如甲狀腺或甲狀旁腺疾病等;⑦伴有癌癥、心梗、支架術(shù)后、腦卒中、神經(jīng)精神異常及其他中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)疾?。虎嘈锞?。
1.2 研究方法
1.2.1 一般資料記錄患者的人口學(xué)資料,包括年齡、受教育程度、體重指數(shù)(body mass index,BMI)、病程。收集其臨床檢驗(yàn)結(jié)果,包括空腹血糖(fasting plasma glucose,F(xiàn)PG)、糖化血紅蛋白(glycosylated hemoglobin A1c,HbA1c)、總膽固醇(total cholesterol,TC)、三酰甘油(triglyceride,TG)、高密度脂蛋白(high-density lipoprotein,HDL)、低密度脂蛋白(lowdensity lipoprotein,LDL)、尿酸(uric acid,UA)、同型半胱氨酸(Homocysteine,Hcy)、超敏C反應(yīng)蛋白(high sensitive C reactive protein,hs-CRP)。
1.2.2 血清ucOC檢測(cè)患者于晨起6∶00~7∶00抽取空腹靜脈血5ml,室溫放置30 min后3 000 r/min離心15 min,收集上清液放入-80℃冰箱冷凍備用。采用酶聯(lián)免疫吸附法(enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,ELISA)檢測(cè)血清ucOC水平。試劑盒購(gòu)于北京誠(chéng)林生物科技有限公司,批內(nèi)和批間變異系數(shù)分別<9%和11%。
1.2.3 抑郁狀態(tài)評(píng)定采用抑郁自評(píng)量表(self-rating depression scale,SDS)進(jìn)行評(píng)定,該量表可以直觀地反應(yīng)患者過(guò)去1周的抑郁癥狀。標(biāo)準(zhǔn)總分為100分,<53分為正常,53~62分為輕度抑郁,63~72分為中度抑郁,>72分為重度抑郁。
1.2.4 分組根據(jù)SDS評(píng)定結(jié)果將患者分為伴抑郁組(147例)和不伴抑郁組(273例)。
1.3 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法
采用SPSS 13.0統(tǒng)計(jì)軟件進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)分析,計(jì)量資料用均數(shù)±標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差(±s)表示,非正態(tài)數(shù)據(jù)用中位數(shù)(四分位數(shù)間距)[M(Q25,Q75)]表示;組間比較用t檢驗(yàn)或秩和檢驗(yàn);單因素相關(guān)分析用Pearson或者Spearman分析,多因素相關(guān)性分析用多元逐步回歸;危險(xiǎn)因素篩查用非條件一般Logistic回歸分析,P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2.1 T2DM男性患者SDS評(píng)分
T2DM患者SDS評(píng)分<53分273例(65.0%),53~62分110例(26.2%),63~72分29例(6.9%),>72分8例(1.9%);抑郁的患病率為35.0%,輕度抑郁患病率26.2%,中度抑郁患病率6.9%,重度抑郁患病率1.9%。
2.2 一般資料
兩組患者病程、BMI、HbA1c、TG、Hcy、hs-CRP、ucOC水平比較,經(jīng)t檢驗(yàn),差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),伴抑郁組患者病程較長(zhǎng),BMI、HbA1c、TG、Hcy、hs-CRP水平較高,而ucOC水平較低。兩組年齡、教育、FPG、TC、LDL、HDL、UA比較,差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。見(jiàn)表1。
表1 兩組患者一般資料比較
2.3 ucOC與一般資料的相關(guān)性
兩組資料合并,經(jīng)單因素相關(guān)分析發(fā)現(xiàn),ucOC 與TG、HbA1c、hs-CRP呈負(fù)相關(guān),與HDL呈正相關(guān)(P<0.05);經(jīng)多元逐步回歸分析校正年齡、教育、病程、BMI、FPG、HbA1c、TC、TG、HDL、LDL、UA、Hcy、hs-CRP的影響后發(fā)現(xiàn),ucOC與TG、HbA1c呈負(fù)相關(guān),與HDL呈正相關(guān)(P<0.05),與hs-CRP的相關(guān)性消失。見(jiàn)表2。
表2 ucOC與T2DM男性患者一般資料的相關(guān)性
2.4 T2DM男性患者抑郁危險(xiǎn)因素Logistic回歸分析
兩組資料合并,以是否合并抑郁為應(yīng)變量,年齡、教育、病程、BMI、FPG、HbA1c、TC、TG、HDL、LDL、UA、Hcy、hs-CRP、ucOC為自變量,經(jīng)Logistic回歸分析發(fā)現(xiàn),Hcy、HbA1c、病程、ucOC為T2DM男性患者抑郁的危險(xiǎn)因素,其中Hcy(=1.245,P=0.023)、HbA1c (=1.529,P=0.014)、病程(=1.371,P=0.010)會(huì)增加抑郁的發(fā)病機(jī)會(huì),而ucOC(=0.341,P=0.009)為保護(hù)性因素。見(jiàn)表3。
表3 T2DM男性患者抑郁危險(xiǎn)因素Logistic回歸分析相關(guān)參數(shù)
T2DM是一種最常見(jiàn)的慢性終身性疾病,其發(fā)病率每年都在不斷地增長(zhǎng),目前全球T2DM患者約為3.66億,預(yù)計(jì)到2030年T2DM的患者數(shù)將會(huì)達(dá)5.55億[2]。近些年來(lái),T2DM發(fā)生抑郁的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)較非糖尿患者人群明顯增加,癥狀表現(xiàn)為抑郁情緒、疲勞及睡眠困難等[6]。WANG等[7]研究發(fā)現(xiàn),上海地區(qū)T2DM患者(包括男、女)抑郁的患病率為35.1%,而本研究結(jié)果顯示,T2DM男性患者抑郁的患病率為35%,這可能與所選研究人群、地域和環(huán)境等因素不同有關(guān)。但總的來(lái)說(shuō),T2DM患者抑郁的患病率較高。與不伴抑郁的T2DM患者比較,伴抑郁的患者更容易出現(xiàn)糖尿病并發(fā)癥、心血管疾病、死亡的幾率更高,而且遵醫(yī)囑程度及血糖控制更差[7],因此尋找T2DM患者抑郁的病因,進(jìn)行有效的預(yù)防和治療非常重要。
骨鈣素是由成骨細(xì)胞分泌的一種非膠原蛋白質(zhì),在其17、21和24位點(diǎn)上有3個(gè)谷氨酸殘基,依據(jù)其殘基被羧化的數(shù)目分為完全羧化骨鈣素(carboxylated osteocalcin,cOC)和ucOC[8]。其與糖尿病、肥胖、代謝綜合征等糖脂代謝疾病相關(guān)[4],主要活性形式為ucOC[9]。有研究結(jié)果表明,T2DM患者常伴有血清骨鈣素水平下降[10],這可能與高糖毒性抑制成骨細(xì)胞活性使成骨細(xì)胞合成和分泌骨鈣素下降有關(guān)[11]。本研究結(jié)果顯示,T2DM患者血清ucOC水平與HbA1c、TG、HDL相關(guān),與其他研究理論大致相符[10-11]。
OURY等[5]發(fā)現(xiàn)Ocn-/-(骨鈣素基因敲除)小鼠表現(xiàn)為抑郁、焦慮及認(rèn)知功能下降,腦內(nèi)與抑郁有關(guān)的多種神經(jīng)遞質(zhì),如去甲腎上腺素、5-羥色胺、多巴胺表達(dá)減少,γ-氨基丁酸水平明顯升高,并伴有海馬神經(jīng)元凋亡增加。當(dāng)外源性給予ucOC后,上述抑郁、焦慮癥狀、神經(jīng)遞質(zhì)表達(dá)及海馬神經(jīng)元凋亡均得到糾正和改善。大腦內(nèi)某些區(qū)域(尤其是海馬齒狀回)的神經(jīng)元可塑性有助于機(jī)體對(duì)環(huán)境應(yīng)激、疾病及時(shí)做出反應(yīng)和適應(yīng),并且參與情感表達(dá)、學(xué)習(xí)與記憶的形成[12],抑郁患者伴有海馬容量下降、神經(jīng)元密度降低[13],表明ucOC具有促進(jìn)海馬神經(jīng)元形成的功能,因此筆者猜測(cè)ucOC有對(duì)抗抑郁的作用。本研究結(jié)果顯示,與T2DM不伴抑郁患者比較,伴抑郁患者血清ucOC水平明顯下降,并且ucOC與抑郁呈負(fù)相關(guān),說(shuō)明ucOC可能參與抑郁的發(fā)生、發(fā)展過(guò)程,但是其確切的機(jī)制還尚未清楚。通過(guò)查閱文獻(xiàn)筆者發(fā)現(xiàn),①ucOC可以通過(guò)PI3K/Akt/NF-κB信號(hào)途徑來(lái)改善高脂誘導(dǎo)小鼠的胰島素抵抗[14];②ucOC可以通過(guò)PI3K/Akt信號(hào)途徑來(lái)抑制自由脂肪酸誘導(dǎo)的內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞凋亡[15];③在動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化中,骨鈣素可以通過(guò)PI3K/Akt/eNOS信號(hào)途徑來(lái)發(fā)揮其保護(hù)血管內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞的功能[16]。PI3K/Akt是經(jīng)典的胰島素信號(hào)通路,PI3K/Akt胰島素信號(hào)通路受損導(dǎo)致的胰島素抵抗參與糖尿病的腦損傷[17]。有研究發(fā)現(xiàn),抑郁與胰島素抵抗相關(guān),噻唑丸二酮類作為一種提高胰島素敏感性的降糖藥物可以改善抑郁患者的癥狀[18],而ucOC也具有改善機(jī)體胰島素敏感性的作用,因此ucOC有可能通過(guò)該機(jī)制來(lái)起到對(duì)抗抑郁的作用。另外有研究表明,細(xì)胞因子介導(dǎo)的炎癥反應(yīng)與T2DM患者抑郁相關(guān),細(xì)胞炎癥因子的增加可以激活下丘腦-垂體-腎上腺軸,使腦內(nèi)產(chǎn)生氧化應(yīng)激,可能通過(guò)激活色氨酸-犬尿氨酸途徑來(lái)抑制5-羥色氨的產(chǎn)生[19]。一項(xiàng)Meta分析結(jié)果表明,與糖尿病伴不抑郁患者比較,伴抑郁患者血清腫瘤壞死因子(tumour necrosis factor,TNF)水平明顯升高[20],而ucOC可以抑制脂肪細(xì)胞TNF的分泌,促進(jìn)抗炎因子白介素-10的合成[21],這也許是ucOC抗抑郁的另一種機(jī)制。
綜上所述,T2DM患者之所以伴發(fā)抑郁可能與血清ucOC水平下降密切相關(guān)。目前,市面上許多抗抑郁藥物可以增加T2DM發(fā)生的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)[22],這些藥物的使用對(duì)于T2DM患者來(lái)說(shuō)無(wú)異于雪上加霜,因此ucOC有望成為一個(gè)預(yù)防和治療T2DM抑郁的靶點(diǎn)。由于本試驗(yàn)屬于回顧性研究,并且研究對(duì)象局限于男性,另外導(dǎo)致糖尿病抑郁的因素較多,因此對(duì)于血清ucOC下降與抑郁是否存在因果關(guān)系,以及是否可能通過(guò)外源性增加ucOC改善糖尿病患者的抑郁等問(wèn)題,還需要基礎(chǔ)實(shí)驗(yàn)及大樣本前瞻性臨床試驗(yàn)來(lái)進(jìn)一步證實(shí)。
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(童穎丹編輯)
Association of serum undercarboxylated osteocalcin with depressive symptoms in male type 2 diabetes patients
Jing Xu,Hui Fang,Yu-kai Li,Dan-dan Zhang,Gu-yue Zhang,Luo-bing Tian,He Zhang,Lei Zhou,Li Zhou
(Department of Endocrinology,Tangshan Gongren Hospital,Tangshan,Hebei 063000,China)
Abstract:Objective To investigate the association of serum undercarboxylated osteocalcin(ucOC)with depressive symptoms in male type 2 diabetes(T2DM)patients. Methods A total of 420 male patients with T2DM in Tangshan Gongren Hospital were recruited. Data including age,education,duration of illness and BMI were recorded,and clinical parameters including FPG,HbA1c,TC,TG,LDL,HDL,UA,Hcy and hsCRP were collected. ucOC was measured by ELISA. Depressive symptoms were assessed by the Self-rating Depression Scale(SDS),then according to SDS scores T2DM patients were divided into two groups which were T2DM with depressive symptom group and without depressive symptom group. Results The prevalence rate of depression in the male T2DM patients was 35.0%;the prevalence rate of mild,medium and heavy depression was 26.2%,6.9%and 1.9%respectively. Duration of illness in the patients with depressive symptoms was longer that of the patients without depression;and the levels of BMI,HbA1c,TG,Hcy and hsCRP were significantly higher,however,the level of ucOC was significantly lower in the T2DM patients with depressive symptoms(P<0.05). ucOC was inversely correlated with TG and HbA1c,but was positively correlated withHDL in the male T2DM patients(P<0.05). Hcy,HbA1c,duration of illness and ucOC were the factors related to depression in the male T2DM patients. Hcy?=1.245,P=0.023);HbA1c?=1.529,P=0.014)and duration of illness?=1.371,P=0.010)were the risk factors of depressive symptoms,but ucOC was a protective factor for depressive symptoms?=0.341,P=0.009). Conclusions Decreased serum ucOC may be one of the factors that male T2DM patients manifest depressive symptoms.
Keywords:type 2 diabetes;male;undercarboxylated osteocalcin;depressive symptom
中圖分類號(hào):R587.1
文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼:B
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1005-8982.2016.11.028
文章編號(hào):1005-8982(2016)11-0127-05
收稿日期:2016-01-04
[通信作者]房輝,E-mail:fanghui@medmail.com.cn