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利妥昔單抗聯(lián)合甲氨蝶呤在中重度類風(fēng)濕關(guān)節(jié)炎中的臨床應(yīng)用

2016-06-22 06:26
實(shí)用藥物與臨床 2016年5期
關(guān)鍵詞:類風(fēng)濕性關(guān)節(jié)炎甲氨蝶呤

李 威

·短篇論著·

利妥昔單抗聯(lián)合甲氨蝶呤在中重度類風(fēng)濕關(guān)節(jié)炎中的臨床應(yīng)用

李威

本溪市中心醫(yī)院急診科,遼寧 本溪 117000

[摘要]目的評(píng)價(jià)利妥昔單抗(RTX)及甲氨蝶呤(MTX)在中重度類風(fēng)濕性關(guān)節(jié)炎中聯(lián)合應(yīng)用的臨床效果。方法將68例中重度類風(fēng)濕性關(guān)節(jié)炎患者隨機(jī)分為試驗(yàn)組及對(duì)照組,每組34例,分別給予RTX+MTX及安慰劑+MTX治療,觀察兩組間類風(fēng)濕性關(guān)節(jié)炎的臨床及化驗(yàn)指標(biāo)變化。結(jié)果治療后1個(gè)月,試驗(yàn)組觸痛關(guān)節(jié)數(shù)、晨僵時(shí)間、Barthel指數(shù)與對(duì)照組比較,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。治療后3個(gè)月,試驗(yàn)組的腫脹關(guān)節(jié)數(shù)、觸痛關(guān)節(jié)數(shù)、晨僵時(shí)間、DAS28評(píng)分及Barthel指數(shù)與對(duì)照組比較,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05或P<0.01)。治療后1個(gè)月,試驗(yàn)組CRP、ESR、RF、IL-6低于對(duì)照組(P<0.05或P<0.01);治療后3個(gè)月,試驗(yàn)組CRP、ESR、RF、IL-6低于對(duì)照組(P<0.01)。隨訪期內(nèi),試驗(yàn)組的并發(fā)癥、過敏反應(yīng)發(fā)生率高于對(duì)照組(P<0.05)。結(jié)論MTX聯(lián)合應(yīng)用RTX治療中重度類風(fēng)濕性關(guān)節(jié)炎可達(dá)到安全滿意的臨床效果。

[關(guān)鍵詞]類風(fēng)濕性關(guān)節(jié)炎;利妥昔單抗;甲氨蝶呤

0引言

類風(fēng)濕性關(guān)節(jié)炎是一種免疫性疾病,具有病情遷延、病程長及致殘率高的特點(diǎn)[1]?;颊哂捎陂L期反復(fù)的病情發(fā)作導(dǎo)致關(guān)節(jié)功能受損,生活質(zhì)量降低,甚至由長期發(fā)展導(dǎo)致抑郁傾向[2]。類風(fēng)濕關(guān)節(jié)炎治療的藥物主要包括激素、非甾體抗炎藥及慢作用抗風(fēng)濕藥物(Disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs,DMARDs)[3]。利妥普單抗(Rituximab,RTX)2006被美國FDA批準(zhǔn)應(yīng)用治療中重度類風(fēng)濕性關(guān)節(jié)炎。甲氨蝶呤(Methotrexate,MTX)是葉酸拮抗劑,是DMARD中常用的一種藥物,屬抗代謝類藥物。本研究應(yīng)用甲氨蝶呤聯(lián)合利妥昔單抗(RTX)治療類風(fēng)濕性關(guān)節(jié)炎,評(píng)估其效果及臨床反應(yīng),探討其臨床應(yīng)用價(jià)值。

1資料與方法

1.1研究對(duì)象以2013年2月至2014年11月在我院風(fēng)濕免疫科住院治療的68例類風(fēng)濕關(guān)節(jié)炎患者為研究對(duì)象,男31例,女37例,年齡(53.7±21.9)歲,病程(73.62±47.19)個(gè)月。以ACR(American College of Rheumatology,美國風(fēng)濕病學(xué)會(huì))2010年修訂的類風(fēng)濕診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)進(jìn)行診斷。滿足下列活動(dòng)條件:腫脹關(guān)節(jié)數(shù)≥4個(gè),觸痛關(guān)節(jié)數(shù)≥4個(gè),紅細(xì)胞沉降率(ESR)>28 mm/h,血清C反應(yīng)蛋白(CRP)>5 mg/L,病情活動(dòng)度為中重度,類風(fēng)濕活動(dòng)指數(shù)DAS28≥3.2,采用Barthel指數(shù)進(jìn)行患者的日常生活質(zhì)量評(píng)分。計(jì)算機(jī)隨機(jī)數(shù)法隨機(jī)分為對(duì)照組及試驗(yàn)組,每組34例。RTX注射液(美羅華)購自上海羅氏制藥有限公司,MTX片購自通化茂祥制藥有限公司。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):伴有心、腦、肺、肝、腎等重要器官疾病或功能不全;有上消化道潰瘍病史者;有炎性關(guān)節(jié)病或伴有其他結(jié)締組織病者;嚴(yán)重感染、結(jié)核、HIV感染、活動(dòng)肝炎、腫瘤、血液病患者,曾經(jīng)接受過單克隆抗體治療的患者;白細(xì)胞計(jì)數(shù)<4×109/L,血紅蛋白<85 g/L,血小板計(jì)數(shù)<100×109/L;妊娠期、2年內(nèi)計(jì)劃生育女性及哺乳期女性;用藥依從性差者。在應(yīng)用RTX前,兩組患者的年齡、性別、病程、關(guān)節(jié)功能分級(jí)、腫脹關(guān)節(jié)數(shù)、觸痛關(guān)節(jié)數(shù)、晨僵時(shí)間、DAS28評(píng)分、Barthel指數(shù)、ESR、CRP、RF、IL-6等比較差異均無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),可進(jìn)行病例對(duì)照研究,無倫理學(xué)爭議。

1.2研究方法所有納入研究病例治療前均使用過1種或幾種改善病情抗風(fēng)濕藥(激素、非甾體抗炎藥或DMARDs)且效果不滿意。1個(gè)月內(nèi)停用激素、非甾體抗炎藥及DMARDs。試驗(yàn)組:MTX 10 mg/周,口服,維持穩(wěn)定劑量6周,RTX 1 000 mg加入500 mL生理鹽水靜脈滴注給藥2次,兩次間隔15 d。對(duì)照組:給予MTX 10 mg/周口服,維持穩(wěn)定劑量6周,安慰劑(生理鹽水500 mL)靜脈滴注給藥2次,兩次間隔15 d。

2結(jié)果

2.1兩組臨床資料比較隨訪至治療后3個(gè)月,兩組患者治療后腫脹關(guān)節(jié)數(shù)少于對(duì)照組,觸痛關(guān)節(jié)數(shù)、晨僵時(shí)間較短,DAS28評(píng)分及Barthel指數(shù)均有改善,在治療后1個(gè)月,試驗(yàn)組的觸痛關(guān)節(jié)數(shù)目少于對(duì)照組,晨僵時(shí)間較對(duì)照組縮短,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),Barthel指數(shù)高于對(duì)照組(P<0.05)。治療后3個(gè)月,試驗(yàn)組的腫脹關(guān)節(jié)數(shù)、觸痛關(guān)節(jié)數(shù)、晨僵時(shí)間及DAS28評(píng)分低于對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05或P<0.01),Barthel指數(shù)高于對(duì)照組(P<0.01)。見表1。

表1 兩組臨床指標(biāo)比較

注:與對(duì)照組比較,*P<0.05,**P<0.01

2.2兩組化驗(yàn)指標(biāo)比較隨訪至治療后3個(gè)月,兩組CRP、ESR、RF、IL-6均改善。治療后1個(gè)月,試驗(yàn)組CRP、ESR、RF、IL-6低于對(duì)照組(P<0.05或P<0.01);治療后3個(gè)月,兩組比較差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.01),見表2。

表2 兩組化驗(yàn)指標(biāo)比較

注:與對(duì)照組比較,*P<0.05,**P<0.01

2.3兩組藥物不良反應(yīng)比較隨訪期間,兩組患者均無肝壞死、心肌毒性及過敏休克等嚴(yán)重不良反應(yīng)事件發(fā)生,兩組胃腸道反應(yīng)、血糖異常、神經(jīng)癥狀、肝功能變化、白細(xì)胞減少、黏膜潰瘍及感染等并發(fā)癥比較差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),試驗(yàn)組過敏反應(yīng)率高于對(duì)照組(P<0.05)。見表3。

表3 患者藥物不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生情況(例,%)

注:與對(duì)照組比較,*P<0.05

3討論

類風(fēng)濕性關(guān)節(jié)炎病情遷延,患者痛苦,生活質(zhì)量下降[4]。藥物治療無論是激素、非甾體抗炎藥還是DARMDs均需要長期應(yīng)用,不良反應(yīng)較大,對(duì)于一部分中重度患者治療效果并不滿意[5]。MTX是DMARDs中的一種,屬于抗代謝類藥,能通過抑制二氫葉酸還原酶及甲酰基轉(zhuǎn)移酶生物活性,從而抑制IL、TNF等細(xì)胞因子釋放,發(fā)揮抗炎效果,減輕關(guān)節(jié)腫脹及疼痛[7]。RTX用于治療中重度類風(fēng)濕性關(guān)節(jié)炎患者,與DMARDs類藥物聯(lián)合使用,或應(yīng)用于1種及多種抗TNF-α抗體效果不顯著時(shí)[8]。RTX是嵌合鼠/人單克隆抗體,該抗體可與B淋巴細(xì)胞膜上的CD20結(jié)合,引發(fā)B細(xì)胞進(jìn)入溶解免疫反應(yīng),細(xì)胞溶解機(jī)制包括抗體依賴性細(xì)胞毒性和補(bǔ)體依賴性細(xì)胞毒性[9]。有研究認(rèn)為,RTX可用于MTX聯(lián)合其他的抗風(fēng)濕藥或其他非生物抗風(fēng)濕藥物治療效果不滿意的類風(fēng)濕性關(guān)節(jié)炎病例[10]。本研究聯(lián)合應(yīng)用RTX及MTX治療中重度類風(fēng)濕性關(guān)節(jié)炎,結(jié)果顯示,隨訪至治療后3個(gè)月,兩組治療后腫脹關(guān)節(jié)數(shù)目、觸痛關(guān)節(jié)數(shù)目、晨僵時(shí)間、DAS28評(píng)分及Barthel指數(shù)均有改善,且CRP、ESR、RF、IL-6均得到改善,但RTX組的臨床指標(biāo)及化驗(yàn)指標(biāo)改善更為明顯,Van Vollenhoven等[11]研究顯示,其臨床癥狀、體征及化驗(yàn)指標(biāo)在應(yīng)用RTX 8~16周明顯改善。本研究顯示,用藥4周后癥狀開始出現(xiàn)改善,3個(gè)月后明顯改善。Genovese等[12]研究顯示,RTX聯(lián)合MTX達(dá)到ACR50緩解的比例達(dá)51%,RTX組在ACR緩解指標(biāo)上有明顯優(yōu)勢,在影像學(xué)表現(xiàn)、關(guān)節(jié)功能改善、生活質(zhì)量提高等方面都有良好的效果。而且,RTX單獨(dú)應(yīng)用也可達(dá)到臨床緩解的目的。MTX的不良反應(yīng)包括惡心、嘔吐、飽脹及腹瀉等消化道癥狀,血糖異常,肝腎功能損傷,致畸及精神癥狀等[13],RTX不良反應(yīng)除了消化道癥狀、肝腎毒性外,變態(tài)反應(yīng)的發(fā)生率也較高[14]。本研究結(jié)果顯示,在藥物不良反應(yīng)方面,RTX增加了患者過敏反應(yīng)的發(fā)生幾率。RTX可能并發(fā)難以控制的感染,但本研究納入患者中沒有出現(xiàn)嚴(yán)重感染病例,所發(fā)生感染病例為泌尿系感染及癤腫等,經(jīng)抗炎治療均治愈。

本研究通過聯(lián)合應(yīng)用MTX及RTX對(duì)中重度類風(fēng)濕性關(guān)節(jié)炎進(jìn)行治療,結(jié)果顯示,聯(lián)合應(yīng)用RTX可明顯改善患者臨床癥狀,對(duì)常規(guī)抗風(fēng)濕治療效果不明顯的患者,可以考慮給予RTX治療。

參考文獻(xiàn):

[1]Gashi AA,Rexhepi S,Berisha I,et al.Treatment of rheumatoid arthritis with biologic DMARDS (Rituximab and Etanercept) [J].Med Arch,2014,68(1):51-53.

[2]Roshique KK,Ravindran V.Efficacy and safety of a biosimilar rituximab in biologic na?ve patients with active rheumatoid arthritis[J].Clin Rheumatol,2015,34(7):1289-1292.

[3]Harrold LR,Reed GW,Shewade A,et al.Effectiveness of rituximab for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis in patients with prior exposure to anti-TNF:results from the CORRONA registry[J].J Rheumatol,2015,42(7):1090-1098.

[4]Reddy V,Cambridge G,Isenberg DA,et al.Internalization of rituximab and the efficiency of B cell depletion in rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus[J].Arthritis Rheumatol,2015,67(8):2046-2055.

[5]Wu B,Song Y,Leng L,et al.Treatment of moderate rheumatoid arthritis with different strategies in a health resource-limited setting:a cost-effectiveness analysis in the era of biosimilars[J].Clin Exp Rheumatol,2015,33(1):20-26.

[6]Yamada K,Oshiro Y,Okamura S,et al.Clinicopathological characteristics and rituximab addition to cytotoxic therapies in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and methotrexate-associated large B lymphoproliferative disorders[J].Histopathology,2015,67(1):70-80.

[7]Bazzichi L,Biasi D,Tinazzi E,et al.Safety of rituximab in the routine treatment of rheumatoid arthritis in Italy in patients refractory to anti-TNFa drugs:results from the observational retrospective-prospective RUBINO study[J].Reumatismo,2014,66(3):224-232.

[8]Valleala H,Korpela M,Hienonen-Kempas T,et al.Long-term real-life experience with rituximab in adult finnish patients with rheumatoid arthritis refractory or with contraindication to anti-tumor necrosis factor drugs[J].J Clin Rheumatol,2015,21(1):24-30.

[9]Gamonet C,Deschamps M,Marion S,et al.The alternative CD20 transcript variant is not a surrogate marker for resistance to rituximab in patients with rheumatoid arthritis[J].Rheumatology (Oxford),2015,54(9):1744-1745.

[10]Schattner A.ACP Journal Club.Review:In rheumatoid arthritis,adding rituximab to methotrexate improves clinical outcomes[J].Ann Intern Med,2015,162(12):JC9.

[11]Van Vollenhoven RF,Emery P,Bingham CO,et al.Long-term safety of rituximab in rheumatoid arthritis:9.5-year follow-up of the global clinical trial programme with a focus on adverse events of interest in RA patients[J].Ann Rheum Dis,2013,72(9):1496-1502.

[13]Kudo-Tanaka E,Shimizu T,Nii T,et al.Early therapeutic intervention with methotrexate prevents the development of rheumatoid arthritis in patients with recent-onset undifferentiated arthritis:A prospective cohort study[J].Mod Rheumatol,2015,30(4):1-6.

[14]Isvy A,Meunier M,Gobeaux-Chenevier C,et al.Safety of rituximab in rheumatoid arthritis:a long-term prospective single-center study of gammaglobulin concentrations and infections[J].Joint Bone Spine,2012,79(4):365-369.

Clinical application of rituximab combined with methotrexate in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis

LI Wei

(Emergency Department,Benxi Central Hospital,Benxi 117000,China)

[Abstract]ObjectiveTo evaluate the clinical efficacy of rituximab combined with methotrexate in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.MethodsSixty-eight patients diagnosed with moderate or severe rheumatoid arthritis were divided into experiment group (n=34) and control group (n=34) who accepted RTX+MTX and placebo+MTX respectively.The clinical and laboratory indexes were observed.ResultsCompared with control group,the number of tender joint and time of morning stiffness in experiment group were lower at 1 month after treatment (P<0.05),and the Barthel index was higher (P<0.05).The number of swollen joint and tender joint,the time of morning stiffness and DAS28 score in experiment group were lower than those of control group at 3 months after treatment (P<0.05 or P<0.01) with higher Barthel index (P<0.05).The levels of CRP (C-reactive protein),ESR (erythrocyte sedimentation),RF (rheumatoid factor) and IL-6 (Interleukin 6) in experiment group were lower than those of control group at 1 month (P<0.05 or P<0.01) and 3 months (P<0.01) after treatment.The allergic rate in experiment group was higher than that of control group during follow-up period (P<0.05).ConclusionRituximab combined with methotrexate is effective and safe with satisfactory result in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.

Key words:Rheumatoid arthritis;Rituximab;Methotrexate

收稿日期:2015-09-09

DOI:10.14053/j.cnki.ppcr.201605032

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