王健,張麗娜,顧林
?
專題研究·乳腺腫瘤
麥默通在乳腺良性腫塊治療中的應(yīng)用研究
王健,張麗娜,顧林
摘要:目的探討麥默通在乳房良性腫塊切除中的應(yīng)用價(jià)值及造成腫塊殘留的影響因素。方法722例乳腺良性腫塊患者經(jīng)麥默通治療,記錄術(shù)中皮膚切口長度、旋切次數(shù)、出血量及手術(shù)時(shí)間。分析術(shù)后并發(fā)癥構(gòu)成,比較腫塊殘留在不同乳腺影像報(bào)告和數(shù)據(jù)系統(tǒng)(BI-RADS)分級、病灶數(shù)目及腫塊大小等臨床特征中的構(gòu)成差異。Logistic回歸分析腫塊殘留的影響因素。結(jié)果722例患者的平均皮膚切口平均長度(6.25±1.92)mm、平均旋切(11.62±4.28)次、平均出血量(6.22±2.08)mL;切除組織條直徑2.0~3.5 mm,平均長(13.69±5.06)mm;單個(gè)腫塊平均切除時(shí)間(7.85± 2.91)min。發(fā)生疼痛、局部紅腫、淤青及血腫并發(fā)癥者共33例(4.57%),以疼痛(32例)和淤青(26例)為主。腫瘤腫塊共1 367枚,以乳腺纖維腺瘤683枚(49.96%)為主。13例(1.59%)患者有腫塊殘留,腫塊殘留比例隨病灶數(shù)目的增多而增加、腫塊>2 cm者高于腫塊≤2 cm者、腫塊邊界不清者高于清晰者;有血腫、淤青形成者高于無血腫、淤青形成者(P<0.01)。腫塊>2 cm、腫塊邊界不清晰、多發(fā)性腫塊及有血腫形成為腫瘤殘留的獨(dú)立危險(xiǎn)因素。結(jié)論麥默通微創(chuàng)旋切術(shù)治療乳腺良性腫塊安全有效。術(shù)前應(yīng)綜合評估腫塊數(shù)目、大小及邊界情況,以降低腫塊殘留風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。
關(guān)鍵詞:乳腺疾病;外科手術(shù),微創(chuàng)性;危險(xiǎn)因素;麥默通
乳腺良性腫瘤是乳腺最常見的病變,約有30%~60%的女性或50%以上的育齡期女性存在該病變[1]。傳統(tǒng)乳腺良性腫瘤的主要治療手段為開放式手術(shù)切除。目前,麥默通真空輔助乳腺微創(chuàng)旋切系統(tǒng)(Mammotome?Biopsy System,麥默通,美國強(qiáng)生公司)輔助微創(chuàng)手術(shù)具有術(shù)后恢復(fù)快、不需住院、乳房外觀幾乎無瘢痕等優(yōu)點(diǎn),被認(rèn)為是切除臨床觸不到或多發(fā)性乳腺良性腫塊的首選方法[2]。研究顯示,麥默通不適合切除乳腺腫塊較大者,否則術(shù)后易發(fā)生出血及腫塊殘留[3]。另外,以多大徑線為選擇麥默通與開放式手術(shù)的臨界值尚無定論。本研究旨在探討麥默通在乳腺良性腫物切除中的應(yīng)用特點(diǎn),以期為臨床治療提供參考。
1.1一般資料選擇2013年1月—2015年1月就診于天津醫(yī)科大學(xué)腫瘤醫(yī)院和天津市第五中心醫(yī)院確診為乳腺良性腫瘤的女性患者722例,年齡14~59歲,中位年齡36歲。納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn):乳腺影像報(bào)告和數(shù)據(jù)系統(tǒng)(breast imaging reporting and data syste,BI-RADS)分級Ⅱ~Ⅲ級,彩色血流信號為0~Ⅰ級[4];>40歲者行乳腺鉬靶檢查確診[5]:術(shù)后病理檢查結(jié)果為良性,腫物無惡性鈣化,無結(jié)構(gòu)紊亂,腫塊邊界規(guī)則無毛刺;術(shù)后至少能完成6個(gè)月隨訪。患者隨訪8~35個(gè)月,平均(13.56±5.82)個(gè)月,首次隨訪均為術(shù)后3~6月。
1.2手術(shù)方法設(shè)備為麥默通和輔助超聲設(shè)備——飛利浦IE33彩色超聲診斷儀,探頭頻率范圍為7.5~10 MHz。手術(shù)步驟同參考文獻(xiàn)[6]:B超下確認(rèn)無組織殘留、無局部血腫后小心退出旋切刀,進(jìn)行局部壓迫止血約20~30 min,創(chuàng)口消毒后用繃帶加壓包扎72 h。建議患者術(shù)后3個(gè)月行超聲隨訪檢查。
1.3觀察指標(biāo)記錄術(shù)中皮膚切口長度(mm)、旋切次數(shù)(次)、出血量(mL)及手術(shù)時(shí)間(min)等情況。術(shù)后并發(fā)癥的疼痛情況以數(shù)字評價(jià)量表(numerical rating scale,NRS)表示:≤3分為輕度,≥7分為重度,其他為中度疼痛。分析腫塊殘留在不同BI-RADS分級、病灶數(shù)目及腫塊大小等臨床特征中的構(gòu)成差異。
1.4統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法采用SPSS 19.0軟件進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析。符合正態(tài)分布的計(jì)量資料以x±s表示,2組間比較行t檢驗(yàn);計(jì)數(shù)資料以例(%)表示,組間比較行Χ2檢驗(yàn),Logistic回歸分析腫塊殘留的影響因素。P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2.1一般手術(shù)情況722例患者的皮膚切口長度5~10 mm,平均(6.25±1.92)mm;旋切次數(shù)6~29次,平均(11.62±4.28)次;切除組織條直徑2.0~3.5 mm,長8~25 mm,平均(13.69±5.06)mm;出血量為2~10 mL,平均(6.22±2.08)mL;單個(gè)腫塊切除時(shí)間3~20 min,平均(7.85±2.91)min。
2.2術(shù)后并發(fā)癥發(fā)生疼痛、局部紅腫、淤青及血腫并發(fā)癥者共33例(4.57%)。其中,伴輕度疼痛28例(3.88%)、中度疼痛4例(0.55%),無重度疼痛情況發(fā)生;伴局部紅腫3例(0.42%)、淤青 26例(3.60%)及血腫19例(2.63%),均未特殊處理,3~10 d內(nèi)自行消失;術(shù)中有2例出現(xiàn)了負(fù)壓管阻塞,經(jīng)更換探針或清洗負(fù)壓吸引管后,二次進(jìn)針完成手術(shù)。
2.3術(shù)后病理類型病理確診腫塊為腫瘤腫塊共1 367枚,其中乳腺纖維腺瘤683枚(49.96%)、乳腺增生391枚(28.60%)、乳腺囊腫182枚(13.31%)、乳腺腺病103枚(7.53%)、乳腺導(dǎo)管擴(kuò)張癥3枚(2.19%)、脂肪瘤3枚(2.19%)、良性分葉狀腫瘤1枚(0.07%)及乳頭狀瘤1枚(0.07%)。
2.4術(shù)后隨訪所有患者乳房對稱性均未發(fā)生改變;有1例有疤痕增生現(xiàn)象,未予特殊處理。13例(1.59%)患者有腫塊殘留,平均年齡(39.2±10.1)歲;無腫塊殘留者709例(98.41%),平均年齡(35.2± 8.2)歲,2組年齡差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(t=1.735,P>0.05)。
2.5不同臨床特征患者腫塊殘留情況比較隨病灶數(shù)目的增多,腫塊殘留比例增加;腫塊>2 cm者高于腫塊≤2 cm者、腫塊邊界不清者高于清晰者;有血腫、淤青形成者高于無血腫、淤青形成者(P<0.01),見表1。
2.6腫塊殘留影響因素分析將腫塊是否有殘留(是=1,否=0)作為因變量,以腫塊大?。ā? cm=1,>2 cm=2)、病灶數(shù)目(1個(gè)=1,2~4個(gè)=2,≥5個(gè)=3)、腫塊邊界(清晰=1,不清=2)、血腫形成(是=1,否=0)以及淤青形成(是=1,否=0)為自變量,進(jìn)行多因素Logistic回歸分析示,腫塊>2 cm、腫塊邊界不清晰、多發(fā)性腫塊及有血腫形成為腫瘤殘留的獨(dú)立危險(xiǎn)因素,見表2。
麥默通最初主要用于活檢[7];隨技術(shù)進(jìn)步,麥默通開始逐漸用于乳腺腫塊的手術(shù)切除,現(xiàn)在已成為乳腺外科最常見的輔助工具之一[8]。研究認(rèn)為,對觸診陰性的軟組織包塊用麥默通活檢較傳統(tǒng)開放手術(shù)優(yōu)越[9]。多項(xiàng)研究將麥默通應(yīng)用于乳腺膿腫[10]、早期乳腺癌的保乳治療[11]及較大乳腺良性腫塊[12]等病癥檢查與治療。麥默通輔助應(yīng)用最成熟的乳腺病變?yōu)槿橄倭夹阅[塊,但缺乏明確、嚴(yán)格的適應(yīng)證標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。有研究認(rèn)為,腫塊直徑<3 cm[13]、<2 cm[14]均可行麥默通手術(shù)治療。但亦有研究認(rèn)為腫塊直徑>3 cm行麥默通手術(shù)治療也有可能[12]。
Tab.1 Constituent ratio of mass residue in different factors表1 不同臨床特征患者腫塊殘留構(gòu)成差異 例(%)
Tab.2 The results of Logistic regression analysis of influence factors of mass residual表2 腫塊殘留影響因素的Logistic回歸分析
研究顯示,麥默通不能一次完整地去除整塊腫瘤,有可能會導(dǎo)致腫瘤細(xì)胞或組織脫落,并播散于手術(shù)殘腔內(nèi),可增加腫瘤復(fù)發(fā)與轉(zhuǎn)移風(fēng)險(xiǎn)[15-16]。因此,本研究所選樣本并未納入麥默通在乳腺惡性腫瘤中的應(yīng)用情況。本研究結(jié)果顯示,麥默通治療乳腺良性腫塊后,最常見的并發(fā)癥為術(shù)后輕、中度疼痛以及皮下淤青,發(fā)生率與Margolin等[17]報(bào)道的0~3.9%相近。但Luo等[6]研究顯示,麥默通治療乳腺良性腫塊并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率為5.27%(59/1 192);Li等[18]研究顯示疼痛發(fā)生率為27.2%(430/1 578)、皮下淤青發(fā)生率為13.3%(210/1 578)、血腫發(fā)生率為7.4%(116/1 578)。這表明麥默通術(shù)后并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率有較大異質(zhì)性,考慮可能與統(tǒng)計(jì)方法、術(shù)式規(guī)范性、醫(yī)生手術(shù)經(jīng)驗(yàn)及患者依從性等多種因素有關(guān),如本研究中疼痛量表采用NRS量表,而Li等[18]采用的是視覺模擬評分法(VAS)。因此,結(jié)合臨床經(jīng)驗(yàn),筆者認(rèn)為手術(shù)前有必要對患者行B超引導(dǎo)下定位,盡量使患者保持手術(shù)體位,這樣才能準(zhǔn)確標(biāo)記腫物位置,腫物標(biāo)記后,患者應(yīng)避免劇烈活動(dòng)或涂搽標(biāo)記符號;術(shù)中應(yīng)再根據(jù)腫塊大小、數(shù)量和位置,以及腫塊與皮膚、胸壁的關(guān)系等實(shí)際情況作必要的方案調(diào)整。
本研究顯示,腫塊殘留比例隨病灶數(shù)目增多而增加、腫塊>2 cm者高于腫塊≤2 cm者、腫塊邊界不清者高于清晰者;有血腫、淤青形成者高于無血腫、淤青形成者;Logistic回歸分析示,腫塊>2 cm、腫塊邊界不清晰、多發(fā)性腫塊為腫塊殘留的獨(dú)立危險(xiǎn)因素,這一結(jié)果與既往臨床認(rèn)識基本一致[3]。值得注意的是,在多因素Logistic回歸分析中,血腫形成亦是腫塊殘留的高危因素,雖然與Li等[18]研究結(jié)論相近,但血腫及淤青形成均為術(shù)后并發(fā)癥,而其余危險(xiǎn)因素均為術(shù)前既存臨床資料特征,血腫形成與腫塊特點(diǎn)間是否存在交互影響,即是否因?yàn)槟[塊較大、邊界不清、多葉,從而有導(dǎo)致術(shù)后血腫形成的可能尚不確定,有待大樣本量臨床數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)一步研究。
綜上所述,乳腺良性病變的治療應(yīng)考慮麥默通微創(chuàng)旋切為首選方式。對于腫塊較大、邊界不清、病灶數(shù)目較多者,其術(shù)后腫塊殘留的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)較高,建議在術(shù)前應(yīng)準(zhǔn)確定位,術(shù)中應(yīng)注意完整或超范圍切除,術(shù)后加強(qiáng)醫(yī)患溝通,增強(qiáng)患者依從性,積極防治血腫形成,從而降低腫塊殘留風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。
參考文獻(xiàn)
[1]Peek MC,Ahmed M,Pinder SE,et al.A review of ablative techniques in the treatment of breast fibroadenomata[J].J Ther Ultrasound,2016,4:1.doi:10.1186/s40349-016-0045-z.
[2]Kikuchi M,Tanino H,Kosaka Y,et al.Usefulness of MRI of microcalcification lesions to determine the indication for stereotactic mammotome biopsy[J].Anticance Res,2014,34(11):6749-6753.
[3]Ding BN,Chen DJ,Li XR,et al.Meta analysis of efficacy and safety between mammotome minimally invasive operation and open excision for benign breast tumor[J].JCent South Univ(Med Sci),2013,38(3):291-300.[丁波泥,陳道瑾,李小榮,等.乳房良性腫瘤Mammotome微創(chuàng)旋切術(shù)和傳統(tǒng)手術(shù)療效與安全性的Meta分析[J].中南大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(醫(yī)學(xué)版),2013,38(3):291-300].doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-7347.2013.03.013.
[4]Wang X,Huang SH,Liu XH,et al.Evaluation of the combined use of ultrasound elastography and color doppler in the diagnosis and TNM classification of breast cancer[J].Tianjin Med J,2014,42(2):119-122.[王旭,黃淑華,劉新紅,等.聯(lián)合應(yīng)用超聲彈性成像及彩色多普勒在診斷乳腺癌及評價(jià)TNM分期中的價(jià)值[J].天津醫(yī)藥,2014,42(2):119-122].doi:10.3969/j.issn.0253-9896.2014.02.007.
[5]Chinese Anti-Cancer Association,Committee of Breast Cancer Society.Breast cancer treatment guidelines and norms(2015 Edition)[J].China Oncol,2015,25(9):692-754.[中國抗癌協(xié)會乳腺癌專業(yè)委員會.中國抗癌協(xié)會乳腺癌診治指南與規(guī)范(2015版)[J].中國癌癥雜志,2015,25(9):692-754].doi:10.3969/j.issn.1007-3969.2015.09.010.
[6]Luo H,Chen X,Tu G,et al.Therapeutic application of ultrasoundguided 8-gauge mammotome system in presumed benign breast Lesions[J].Breast J,2011,17(5):490-497.doi:10.1111/j.1524-4741.2011.01125.x.
[7]Plantade R,Hammou JC,Gerard F,et al.Ultrasound-guided vacuum-assisted biopsy:review of 382 cases[J].J Radiol,2005,86(9 Pt 1):1003-1015.doi:JR-09-2005-86-9-C1-0221-0363-101019-200503252.
[8]Wang W,Geng ZL,Wang J,et al.Clinical experience and values in the treatment for 687 cases of breast benign tumor with ultrasoundguided minimally invasive operation[J].Fudan Univ J Med Sci,2012,39(1):48-52.[王薇,耿中利,王進(jìn),等.687例乳腺良性腫瘤微創(chuàng)手術(shù)的臨床應(yīng)用及價(jià)值[J].復(fù)旦學(xué)報(bào)(醫(yī)學(xué)版),2012,39 (1):48-52].doi:10.3969/j.issn.1672-8467.2012.01.009.
[9]Becette V,Chérel P,Menet E,et al.Biopsy of breast microcalcifications using an 11-Gauge vacuum-assisted device:roles and challenges for the pathologist[J].Ann Pathol,2003,23(6):496-507. doi:AP-12-2003-23-6-0242-6498-101019-ART04.
[10]Wang K,Ye Y,Sun G,et al.The Mammotome biopsy system is an effective treatment strategy for breast abscess[J].Am J Surg,2013,205(1):35-38.doi:10.1016/j.amjsurg.2012.05.012.
[11]Xu Y,Ming J,Zhou Y,et al.Mammotome-assisted endoscopic breastconserving surgery:a novel technique for early-stage breast cancer[J].World J Surg Oncol,2014,12:99.doi:10.1186/1477-7819-12-99.
[12]YangB,TangS,Yuan YH,et al.Resection of large benign breast tumor with ultrasound-guided Mammotome revolve device[J].Chin J Gen Surg,2015,24(5):683-686.[楊波,唐詩,袁月歡,等.超聲引導(dǎo)下麥默通旋切術(shù)切除較大良性乳腺腫塊的臨床研究[J].中國普通外科雜志,2015,24(5):683-686].doi:10.3978/j.issn.1005-6947.2015.05.013.
[13]MaBL,GengZL,Shan MH,et al.Clinical application of B ultrasounography-guided Mammotome minimally invasive biopsy system in treatment of benigh breast mass[J].Journal of Xinjiang Medical University,2009,32(7):839-841.[馬斌林,耿中利,單美慧,等.B超引導(dǎo)下Mammotome微創(chuàng)旋切技術(shù)在乳腺良性腫塊外科治療應(yīng)用研究[J].新疆醫(yī)科大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào),2009,32(7):839-841].doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-5551.2009.07.002.
[14]Wang EL,Zhong CE,Luo JG,et al.Complications of Mammotome Operation and its Prevention and Management[J].Pract Prevent Med,2006,13(3):703-704.[王恩禮,鐘春嫦,羅建國,等.麥默通乳腺微創(chuàng)手術(shù)的并發(fā)癥及防治措施[J].實(shí)用預(yù)防醫(yī)學(xué),2006,13(3):703-704].doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-3110.2006.03.112.
[15]Hoorntje LE,Schipper ME,Kaya A,et al.Tumour cell displacement after 14 G breast biopsy[J].Eur J Surg Oncol,2004,30(5):520-525.doi:10.1016/j.ejso.2004.03.001.
[16]Uematsu T,Kasami M.The use of positive core wash cytology to estimate potential risk of needle tract seeding of breast cancer:directional vacuum-assisted biopsy versus automated core needle biopsy [J].Breast Cancer,2010,17(1):61-67.doi:10.1007/s12282-009-0109-9.
[17]Margolin FR,Leung JW,Jacobs RP,et al.Percutaneous imagingguided core breast biopsy:5 years′experience in a community hospital[J].Am J Roentgenol,2001,177(3)559-564.doi:10.2214/ ajr.177.3.1770559.
[18]Li S,Wu J,Chen K,et al.Clinical outcomes of 1,578 Chinese patients with breast benign diseases after ultrasound-guided vacuumassisted excision:recurrence and the risk factors[J].Am J Surg,2013,205(1):39-44.doi:10.1016/j.amjsurg.2012.02.021.
(2016-01-20收稿2016-02-11修回)
(本文編輯陸榮展)
Clinic study of mammotome minimally invasive operation in the treatment of benign breast lumps
WANG Jian,ZHANG Lina,GU Lin
The Second Department of Breast Cancer,Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital,National Clinical Research Center for Cancer,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy,Tianjin Medical University,Tianjin 300060,China Corresponding AuthorE-mail:gulindr@yahoo.com
Abstract:ObjectiveTo investigate the clinical application of mammotome minimally invasive techniques for benign breast mass,and the risk factors of residual tumor.MethodsA total number of 722 patients with benign breast mass received treatment of mammotome minimally invasive operation.Skin incision length,peeling times,blood loss and operation time were recorded.The complications after surgery,the difference of constitution ratio in different BI-RADS grades,mass number,mass volume and clinic features were analysed.The Logistic repression analysis was used to analyze risk factors of mass residue.ResultsThe average skin incision length was(6.25±1.92)mm in 722 patients,with an average peeling times of(11.62±4.28)and average blood loss of(6.22±2.08)mL.The average diameter of removed tissue was 2.0-3.5 mm with an average length of(13.69±5.06)mm.An average operation time for single mass was(7.85±2.91)min.Complications were mainly pain(n=32)and bruising(n=26)in 33 patients(4.57%).A total of 1 367 breast lumps were found in 722 patients,in which there were 683 fibroadenoma(49.96%).Thirteen patients(1.59%)were found mass residue during follow-up.The proportion of mass residue was increased with the increased number of mass,and was higher in mass diameter above 2 cm than in diameter less 2 cm,and also higher in tumor without clear boundary group than that with clear boundary group,and higher in patients with hematoma and bruising than that without hematoma and bruising.Mass diameter>2 cm,no clear boundary,multiple tumors and hematoma formation were independent risk factors of mass residue.ConclusionThe mammotome minimally invasive operation is a safe and potent therapeutic management for benign breast mass.Comprehensive evaluation of the tumor size,tumor boundary,the number of mass before operation can reduce the risk of mass residue.
Key words:breast diseases;surgical procedures,minimally invasive;risk factor;mammotome biopsy system
中圖分類號:R737.9
文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼:A
DOI:10.11958/20160021
基金項(xiàng)目:國家自然科學(xué)基金面上項(xiàng)目(81202275);天津市自然科學(xué)基金資助項(xiàng)目(13JCQNJC11000)
作者單位:天津醫(yī)科大學(xué)腫瘤醫(yī)院乳腺二科,國家腫瘤臨床醫(yī)學(xué)研究中心,乳腺癌防治教育部重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室,天津市“腫瘤防治”重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室(郵編300060)
作者簡介:王?。?981),男,主治醫(yī)師,碩士研究生在讀,主要從事乳腺癌臨床與基礎(chǔ)研究;現(xiàn)工作單位為天津市第五中心醫(yī)院
通訊作者E-mail:gulindr@yahoo.com