郭春梅,吳 靜,劉揆亮,王亞丹
首都醫(yī)科大學附屬北京世紀壇醫(yī)院消化內(nèi)科,北京 100038
瞬時彈性成像技術(shù)對肝硬化食管靜脈曲張的預測價值及其與肝功能分級的相關性
郭春梅,吳 靜,劉揆亮,王亞丹
首都醫(yī)科大學附屬北京世紀壇醫(yī)院消化內(nèi)科,北京 100038
目的 探討瞬時彈性成像技術(shù)(transient elastography,TE)測得的肝臟硬度值(liver stiffness measurement,LSM)對肝硬化患者出現(xiàn)食管靜脈曲張(esophageal varices,EV)的預測能力及其與肝功能Child-Pugh分級的一致性。方法 2014年1月-2014年12月在首都醫(yī)科大學附屬北京世紀壇醫(yī)院就診并行肝臟彈性測定的180例肝硬化患者,其中乙肝后肝硬化120例,酒精性肝硬化40例,原發(fā)性膽汁性肝硬化20例,將所有患者根據(jù)LSM值分為兩組:試驗組(LSM≥13.0 kpa)及對照組(LSM<13.0 kpa),對其進行胃鏡檢查,并進行Child-Pugh分級,評價LSM值對肝硬化患者出現(xiàn)EV的診斷價值,及其與Child-Pugh分級的相關性。結(jié)果 所有患者中155例接受胃鏡檢查,鏡下診斷EV情況:無EV 54例(34.8%),輕度EV 14例(9.0%),中度EV 26例(16.8%),重度EV 61例(39.4%)。與對照組相比,試驗組出現(xiàn)EV的陽性率更高,差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(P<0.05)。180例患者Child-Pugh分級情況:A級66例(36.7%),B級78例(43.3%),C級36例(20.0%)。與對照組相比,試驗組與Child-Pugh B/C級一致性更高(P<0.01)。結(jié)論 TE作為一種無創(chuàng)的檢查,對肝硬化患者出現(xiàn)EV具有一定的預測價值,同時與患者Child-Pugh分級具有相關性。
瞬時彈性成像技術(shù);肝臟硬度值;食管靜脈曲張;Child-Pugh分級
食管靜脈曲張(esophageal varices,EV)出血是肝硬化的一種嚴重并發(fā)癥,肝硬化患者靜脈曲張的發(fā)生率每年約16%,每年有4%~10%的患者進展為中、重度靜脈曲張,約有30%的患者出現(xiàn)消化道出血[1]。曲張程度越明顯,出血危險性越大,再出血率越高[2]。肝功能Child-Pugh分級是人工肝治療和肝移植手術(shù)病例選擇的重要依據(jù)[3]。近年來,瞬時彈性成像技術(shù)(transient elastography,TE)在臨床應用中越來越廣泛[4],目前已被AASLD、EASL及中國慢性乙型肝炎防治指南推薦為乙型、丙型肝炎病毒相關肝纖維化臨床評估的重要手段[5-6]。本研究旨在分析應用TE檢測肝臟硬度值(LSM)能否預測肝硬化患者出現(xiàn)EV,及其與Child-Pugh分級的一致性。
1.1 一般資料 收集2014年1月-2014年12月在首都醫(yī)科大學附屬北京世紀壇醫(yī)院住院臨床確診為肝硬化并行肝臟彈性測定的患者180例,男103例(57.2%),女77例(42.8%),男女比例為1.34∶1;年齡19~80歲,中位年齡59歲。乙肝后肝硬化120例(66.7%),酒精性肝硬化40例(22.2%),原發(fā)性膽汁性肝硬化20例(11.1%)。
1.2 方法
1.2.1 肝硬度檢測:使用法國Echosens公司生產(chǎn)的肝臟瞬時彈性測定儀(Fibroscan),檢測方法:患者取仰臥位,上舉右臂,充分暴露右側(cè)肋間隙,探頭涂耦合劑后取右腋前線和腋中線第7、8肋間為檢測區(qū)域,對每位受試者,連續(xù)成功測量10次,取中位數(shù)作為CAP值(單位)及LSM值(單位kpa),代表肝臟的脂肪含量及彈性,質(zhì)量控制標準:要求四分位間距小于中位數(shù)的30%,成功率(成功測量次數(shù)/總發(fā)射次數(shù))≥60%以保證結(jié)果可靠。無法取得檢測值者視為檢測失敗[7]。LSM值與組織病理學分期的對照參照:F0F1:(0~7.2)kpa,F(xiàn)2:(7.3~9.6)kpa,F(xiàn)2F3:(9.7~12.4)kpa,F(xiàn)3F4:(12.4~17.4)kpa,F(xiàn)4:(17.5~75)kpa[8]。根據(jù)LSM值將肝硬化患者分為兩組:對照組:LSM<13.0 kpa,試驗組:LSM≥13.0 kpa。
1.2.2 胃鏡檢查及 Child-Pugh分級:評估EV程度,根據(jù)中華醫(yī)學會消化內(nèi)鏡分會2009年《消化道靜脈曲張及出血內(nèi)鏡診療規(guī)范試行方案》[9],輕度:曲張靜脈呈直線形,D0.3,紅色征(-);中度:曲張靜脈直徑D0.3,紅色征(+)或曲張靜脈呈蛇形迂曲隆起,D1.0,紅色征(-);重度:曲張靜脈D1.0,有曲張靜脈呈串珠狀、結(jié)節(jié)狀或瘤狀,D1.5及以上,紅色征(±)。Child-Pugh分級方法參照Child-Pugh評分分級[10]。
1.3 統(tǒng)計學方法 采用SPSS 20.0統(tǒng)計軟件進行統(tǒng)計學分析,配對計數(shù)資料采用χ2檢驗,相關分析采用Pearson相關分析。P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計學意義。
2.1 Fibroscan對于EV的預測能力 接受胃鏡檢查患者155例,鏡下診斷結(jié)果:無EV 54例(34.8%),輕度EV 14例(9.0%),中度EV 26例(16.8%),重度EV 61例(39.4%)。不同的LSM組與組織病理學分期,胃鏡檢出EV的陽性率也不同,F(xiàn)4期出現(xiàn)EV的陽性率最高,達82.1%,即Fibroscan診斷肝硬化F4期EV陽性率最高(見表1)。與對照組相比,試驗組出現(xiàn)EV的陽性率更高,差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(P<0.05,見表2)。
表1 不同LSM及病理分期胃鏡檢出EV情況
Tab 1 EV detection of gastroscope in different LSM andpathological stages
病理分期及LSM例數(shù)陽性(%)F0F1(0~7.2)kpa82(25.0)F2(7.3~9.6)kpa135(38.5)F2F3(9.7~12.4)kpa3010(33.3)F3F4(12.5~17.4)kpa2015(75.0)F4(17.5~75)kpa8469(82.1)合計155101
表2 Fibroscan檢查與胃鏡診斷EV一致性比較
Tab 2 Comparison of Fibroscan and gastroscope examination in the diagnosis of EV
分組胃鏡檢查陽性陰性合計對照組114152試驗組9013103合計10154155
2.2 Fibroscan病理組織學分期與Child-Pugh分級的一致性比較 180例患者Child-Pugh分級情況:A級66例(36.7%),B級78例(43.3%),C級36例(20.0%)。與對照組相比,試驗組與Child-Pugh B/C級一致性更高,差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(P<0.05,見表2)。
表3 Fibroscan分期與Child-Pugh分級的一致性
Tab 3 Correspondence between Fibroscan stage and Child-Pugh classification
分組Child-Pugh分級AB/C合計對照組371552試驗組2999128合計66114180
EV是肝硬化門靜脈高壓(HVPG)最重要的并發(fā)癥,已有研究報道TE與HVPG及EV的相關性,提示可作為無創(chuàng)評價門脈高壓的指標[11]。另有研究[12-13]發(fā)現(xiàn)LSM與EV間存在明顯關聯(lián)。LSM值隨EV程度加重而升高,1級與2級以上EV間LSM值差異尤為顯著。但不同研究間TE預測EV的LSM臨界值差異較大,15.1~28.0 kpa不等,F(xiàn)oucher等[14]首次報道了當LSM值為27.5 kpa時預測重度EV(2/3級)陽性預測值>90%。Bureau等[15]研究了150例法國患者(59%為肝硬化)接受經(jīng)頸靜脈肝活檢并檢測門脈壓力,在ALT、AST、ALB、INR及PLT得到控制后,將LSM 21.0 kpa作為預測靜脈曲張的臨界值,其PPV及NPV分別為92.5%及90.7%。羅馬一項研究[16]顯示,LSM為50.7 kpa預測食管出血的PPV及NPV分別為82.71%和53.66%,提示LSM值可預測門脈高壓及食管胃底靜脈曲張發(fā)生的風險。瞬時彈性成像技術(shù)(TE)臨床應用專家共識(2015年)提出應用TE預測食管靜脈曲張可作為需進行內(nèi)鏡篩查的指征[17]。本研究根據(jù)患者LSM分為試驗組(LSM≥13.0 kpa)和對照組(LSM<13.0 kpa),通過分析發(fā)現(xiàn),與對照組相比,試驗組出現(xiàn)EV的陽性率更高,這與Kim等[18]的研究結(jié)果一致。尤其是應用LSM值與肝臟組織病理學對照,診斷為F4期的患者,其出現(xiàn)EV的陽性率高達82.1%。因次可認為TE測定LSM值與內(nèi)鏡檢查一致性較高,尤其是LSM值≥13.0 kpa的患者預測EV的陽性預測價值高。
臨床常用Child-Pugh分級評估肝硬化患者的肝功能儲備[19]。但該分級系統(tǒng)較復雜,需參考血清膽紅素、白蛋白、腹水、肝性腦病、凝血功能等指標進行評分。Kim等[20]對217例乙型肝炎肝硬化、肝功能正常、無失代償病史患者進行研究,將患者按照LSM值<13 kpa、LSM值13~18 kpa及LSM值≥18 kpa分為三組,以LSM值<13 kpa為對照,患者肝功能惡化至Child-Pugh B級/C級者的風險為12.446(P<0.001)。Foucher等[14]報道了當LSM值為37.5 kpa時預測Child-Pugh評分B/C級的陽性預測值>90%。張琪[21]及宣吉晴等[22]通過研究肝硬化組與對照組的LSM值及Child-Pugh分級顯示,肝硬化組患者的LSM值隨著Child-Pugh分級的上升而升高,肝硬化患者的LSM值隨著肝臟儲備功能的減退而逐漸升高。LSM值能在一定程度上反映肝臟的儲備功能,評價肝病的病情及判斷預后。本研究顯示LSM值≥13.0 kpa時,與Child-Pugh分級為B/C級一致性較高。因此,可認為TE可在一定程度上對肝硬化患者肝功能儲備能力進行評估。本研究入組患者中Child-Pugh C級患者數(shù)量較少,分析可能與這類患者一般腹水量較大,影響TE測量結(jié)果有關[23]。
另外,TE所測的LSM會受多種因素影響,如肝臟炎癥(ALT升高)、肝內(nèi)外膽汁淤積(TBil升高)、肝臟水腫或淤血、肝淀粉樣變性等對檢測結(jié)果均會有影響[24],尤其是對于LSM處于臨界病變(即對應組織病理分期為F2F3、F3F4期)的患者來說,由于這類患者處于病情進展的中間過程,臨床表現(xiàn)異質(zhì)性較強,需結(jié)合其他指標進行全面評估。
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(責任編輯:王全楚)
The predictive value of transient elastography for esophageal varices in hepatocirrhosis and its correlation with liver function classification
GUO Chunmei, WU Jing, LIU Kuiliang, WANG Yadan
Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 100038, China
Objective To disscus the predictive value of transient elastography (TE) for esophageal varices (EV) in hepatocirrhosis and its correlation with Child-Pugh classification. Methods 180 patients with liver cirrhosis who were admitted in Beijing Shijitan Hospital from Jan. 2014 to Dec. 2014 and did liver stiffness measurement (LSM) by TE, included 120 cases of post-hepatitis B cirrhosis, 40 cases of alcoholic cirrhosis and 20 cases of primary biliary cirrhosis. The patients were divided into observation group (LSM≥13.0 kpa) and control group (LSM<13.0 kpa). Differences were compared between the observation group and the control group regarding indeses by Chi-square. Results 155 patients underwent gastric endoscopy, there were 54 cases of no EV (34.8%), 14 cases of mild EV (9.0%), 26 cases of middle EV (16.8%) and 61 cases of severe EV (39.4%). The positive rate of EV in observation group was higher than that in control group (P<0.05). The 180 patients with liver cirrhosis were divided into grade A (n=66, 36.7%), grade B (n=78, 43.3%)and grade C (n=36, 20%) according to Child-Pugh scoring system. Compared with the control group, the observation group was more consistent with the B/C Child-Pugh grade (P<0.01). Conclusion As a noninvasive examination, TE has a certain predictive value for EV in patients with cirrhosis, and shows a positive correlation with Child-Pugh classification.
Transient elastography; Liver stiffness measurement; Esophageal varices; Child-Pugh classification
郭春梅,碩士,醫(yī)師,研究方向:肝臟病診治。E-mail: guoguo10086@163.com
吳靜,博士,主任醫(yī)師,研究方向:消化系疾病診治。E-mail: wujing36@163.com
10.3969/j.issn.1006-5709.2016.03.022
R575.2
A
1006-5709(2016)03-0314-04
2015-11-18