王海萍 陳秀麗 李光乾★ 周朱瑛
EV71腦炎患兒血清和腦脊液中sCD40 sCD40L水平的變化及其意義
王海萍 陳秀麗 李光乾★ 周朱瑛
目的 探討EV71腦炎患兒血清和腦脊液(CSF)中sCD40、sCD40L水平的變化及其臨床意義。方法 根據(jù)臨床表現(xiàn)將患兒分為普通組、重癥組(再分為重型組和危重型組)。并設(shè)立對照組。應(yīng)用雙抗體夾心ELISA法分別檢測各組患兒不同時期血清、CSF中sCD40、sCD40L的水平。結(jié)果 重癥組血清和CSF中sCD40、sCD40L含量均顯著高于普通組和對照組(P<0.01),普通組血清和CSF中sCD40、sCD40L含量與對照組比較差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義;危重型組和重型組血清和CSF中sCD40、sCD40L含量均顯著高于對照組,危重型組血清和腦脊液中sCD40、sCD40L含量顯著高于重型組;重癥組急性期血清和CSF中sCD40、sCD40L含量均顯著高于恢復(fù)期和對照組,但恢復(fù)期血清和CSF中sCD40、sCD40L含量與對照組比較差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義;重癥組血清與腦脊液中sCD40、sCD40L呈正相關(guān);普通組和對照組血清與腦脊液中sCD40、sCD40L均無明顯相關(guān)性;重癥組血清、腦脊液中sCD40與sCD40L均呈正相關(guān);普通組血清、腦脊液中sCD40與sCD40L無相關(guān)性;對照組血清、腦脊液中sCD40與sCD40L無相關(guān)性。結(jié)論 sCD40、sCD40L可能參與EV71腦炎的發(fā)病機(jī)制,對EV71腦炎的病情嚴(yán)重性評估及預(yù)后判斷有一定意義。
EV71腦炎 sCD40 sCD40L 兒童
腸道病毒71型(EV71)致中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)感染后,患兒可引發(fā)神經(jīng)源性肺水腫、肺出血,進(jìn)而發(fā)展為以呼吸衰竭為主的全身多臟器功能障礙綜合征,病死率極高[1]。研究顯示免疫功能相對不足可能是兒童易患手足口病的根本原因,免疫改變可能與EV71引起的腦膜腦炎有關(guān)[2]。CD40與CD40配體(CD40 L)是一對互補(bǔ)跨膜糖蛋白,是免疫和炎癥反應(yīng)中重要的信號轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)系統(tǒng)[3]。本文探討CD40與CD40L 在EV71腦炎發(fā)病中的作用,以及其對EV71腦炎病情嚴(yán)重性及預(yù)后判斷的價值,現(xiàn)報(bào)道如下。
1.1 一般資料 2012年3月至2013年10月本院病原檢測確診為EV71陽性的患兒73例。依據(jù)衛(wèi)生部《手足口病診療指南(2010年版)》[4]和《腸道病毒71型(EV71)感染重癥病例臨床救治專家共識》[5]的診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn),將患兒分為普通組、重癥組(再分為重型組和危重型組)。普通組24例,男13例,女11例;年齡7個月至4歲9個月,平均(1.93±1.08)歲。平均病程8d?;純喝朐汉螅ㄈ朐呵耙蔀槭肿憧诓〔l(fā)中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)損害)經(jīng)CSF常規(guī)、生化檢查無異常,腦電圖及影像學(xué)檢查正常,排除中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)損害。且血清EV71 IgM抗體、咽拭子EV71 RNA或糞便EV71 RNA至少有一項(xiàng)陽性結(jié)果。重癥組49例,男33例,女16例;年齡10個月至11歲7月,平均(2.84±1.74)歲。平均病程12d。腦脊液常規(guī)和生化檢測結(jié)果:49例中46例患兒腦脊液白細(xì)胞計(jì)數(shù)升高,蛋白含量正?;蛏?;3例腦脊液白細(xì)胞計(jì)數(shù)正常,蛋白含量正常。血清EV71 IgM抗體、咽拭子EV71 RNA、糞便EV71 RNA或腦脊液EV71 IgM抗體>1項(xiàng)陽性結(jié)果,最后診斷EV71腦炎。其中重型組32例,危重型組17例。選擇兒外科同期住院的非神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)疾病手術(shù)患兒21例為對照組。男11例,女10例;年齡12個月至4歲10個月,平均(2.29±0.91)歲。各組患兒在入院時性別、年齡、病程比較,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。。
1.2 方法 于入院<24h抽取靜脈血3~4ml和腦脊液(CSF)2ml(對照組于手術(shù)當(dāng)日行蛛網(wǎng)膜下腔麻醉時抽取CSF),CSF標(biāo)本另檢測常規(guī)、生化及細(xì)菌培養(yǎng)(對照組只做CSF常規(guī)和生化)。重癥組患兒于10~14d進(jìn)行第2次靜脈血和CSF采集,將靜脈血低溫離心取上清液,將血清及CSF存于-70℃冰箱中待檢。剔除溶血標(biāo)本。采用雙抗體夾心ELISA法檢測sCD40、sCD40L的含量。檢測試劑均購自美國eBioscience公司。EV71型IgM檢測方法為捕獲ELISA法,采用北京萬泰生物藥業(yè)股份有限公司生產(chǎn)的EV71-IgM快速檢測試劑盒,操作由專業(yè)人員嚴(yán)格按說明書進(jìn)行。
1.3 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法 采用 SPSS17.0 軟件。計(jì)量資料以(±s)表示,采用單因素方差分析,組間兩兩比較用LSD 法;采用spearman檢驗(yàn)分析數(shù)據(jù)的相關(guān)性,P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2.1 3組血清及CSF中sCD40、sCD40L的含量比較見表1。
表1 3組血清和腦脊液中sCD40、sCD40L的含量比較(±s)
表1 3組血清和腦脊液中sCD40、sCD40L的含量比較(±s)
注:與普通組及對照組比較,*P<0.05
組別n 血清 腦脊液sCD40 sCD40L sCD40 sCD40L重癥組 49 141.90±60.81* 6.58±2.91* 40.03±6.81* 0.86±0.08*普通組 24 101.79±39.81 4.39±2.40 34.28±7.64 0.78±0.10對照組 21 97.33±33.42 4.38±2.38 32.72±6.44 0.76±0.08 F值 8.083 7.864 10.471 13.734 P值 0.001 0.001 0.000 0.000
2.2 3組患兒血清及CSF中sCD40、sCD40L比較 見表2。
表2 3組患兒血清和CSF中sCD40、sCD40L的含量比較(±s)
表2 3組患兒血清和CSF中sCD40、sCD40L的含量比較(±s)
注:與對照組比較,*P<0.05,與重型組比較,#P<0.05
組別 n 血清 腦脊液sCD40 sCD40L sCD40 sCD40L重型組 32 129.04±50.35* 5.94±2.68* 37.96±5.59* 0.84±0.07*危重型組 17 166.09±72.32*# 7.78±3.02*# 43.93±7.34* 0.89±0.08*#對照組 21 97.33±33.42 4.38±2.38 32.72±6.44 0.76±0.08 F值 8.064 7.536 14.877 16.526 P值 0.001 0.001 0.000 0.000
2.3 重型組急性期、恢復(fù)期血清和腦脊液中sCD40、sCD40L與對照組的比較 見表3。
表3 重型組急性期、恢復(fù)期與對照組血清和腦脊液中sCD40、sCD40L的含量比較
2.4 重癥病例組、普通病例組和對照組血清與腦脊液中sCD40、sCD40L的相關(guān)性分析 重癥病例組血清與腦脊液中sCD40、sCD40L均呈正相關(guān)(r=0.519,0.628;P<0.01);普通病例組、對照組血清與腦脊液sCD40、sCD40L無相關(guān)性。重癥病例組血清、腦脊液中sCD40 與sCD40L呈正相關(guān)(r=0.526,0.560;P<0.01);普通病例組血清、腦脊液中sCD40與sCD40L無相關(guān)性;對照組血清、腦脊液中sCD40與sCD40L無相關(guān)性。
Wang SM等[2]對手足口病患兒的免疫功能研究認(rèn)為,患兒出現(xiàn)非體液的細(xì)胞功能改變,合并腦膜腦炎患兒循環(huán)血中CD4+T淋巴細(xì)胞、CD8+T淋巴細(xì)胞及NK細(xì)胞均減少;免疫改變可能與EV71引起的腦膜腦炎有關(guān)。國外研究亦表明EV71所致重癥病例的發(fā)病機(jī)制與全身性和中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)炎癥反應(yīng)失調(diào)密切相關(guān)[6]。
CD40與CD40 配體(CD40L)是體內(nèi)炎癥和免疫反應(yīng)系統(tǒng)的一對共同刺激分子,是免疫和炎癥反應(yīng)的樞紐,參與機(jī)體的體液免疫和細(xì)胞免疫反應(yīng)[3]。CD40是腫瘤壞死因子受體家族的成員,表達(dá)于抗原提呈細(xì)胞、非免疫細(xì)胞和腫瘤細(xì)胞。CD40L分可溶性和膜結(jié)合性兩型,可溶性sCD40L是由CD40L水解而成,保留與CD40結(jié)合的能力。炎癥時,CD40和CD40L在T細(xì)胞和其他非免疫細(xì)胞中表達(dá),調(diào)節(jié)一系列分子和細(xì)胞內(nèi)信號通路,包括細(xì)胞免疫和體液免疫的啟動和進(jìn)展過程。CD40與CD40L結(jié)合后,CD40被激活,與受體相關(guān)因子蛋白結(jié)合,可以促進(jìn)一系列下游的信號通路,細(xì)胞表面和細(xì)胞可以生成一些活性物質(zhì),調(diào)節(jié)細(xì)胞和體液免疫,最終參與炎癥反應(yīng)過程[7]。研究認(rèn)為,CD40和CD40L與多種炎癥性疾病有關(guān)。Ramirez SH等[8]的研究表明CD40/CD40L二聚體在HIV腦炎的發(fā)病機(jī)制中起重要作用,且sCD40的表達(dá)水平與HIV腦炎的嚴(yán)重程度呈正相關(guān);單純皰疹病毒腦炎時,小膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞CD40表達(dá)增加,與浸潤腦內(nèi)的淋巴細(xì)胞表達(dá)的CD40L作用后,小膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞被激活,促進(jìn)其抗原提呈作用和細(xì)胞因子的產(chǎn)生[9];西尼羅病毒性腦炎時,CD40-CD40L相互作用有利于T淋巴細(xì)胞跨血腦屏障遷移,控制西尼羅病毒感染[10]。
本資料顯示,重癥組患兒血清和CSF中sCD40、sCD40L含量顯著升高,與普通組和對照組比較,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.01);提示sCD40、sCD40L可能在EV71腦炎的發(fā)病中起作用。危重型組血清sCD40、sCD40L含量和CSF中sCD40L含量均顯著高于重型組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),提示sCD40、sCD40L的含量改變與EV71腦炎病情程度密切相關(guān)。重癥組恢復(fù)期血清和CSF中sCD40、sCD40L含量均明顯下降,與急性期比較,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.01),提示血清和CSF中sCD40、sCD40L含量對EV71腦炎的預(yù)后的判斷有一定的價值。作者對3組血清與腦脊液中sCD40、sCD40L分別進(jìn)行相關(guān)性分析,結(jié)果顯示重癥組血清、腦脊液中sCD40與sCD40L均呈正相關(guān);表明sCD40與sCD40L共同參與EV71腦炎的發(fā)病過程。重癥組血清與腦脊液中sCD40、sCD40L均呈正相關(guān),提示可以通過檢測血液中反映炎癥程度的指標(biāo)來間接判斷中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)炎癥狀況,有助于臨床工作中早期發(fā)現(xiàn)神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)癥狀不典型的危重癥患兒,指導(dǎo)臨床治療,積極應(yīng)用有效的治療藥物,從而降低病死率。
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Objective To explore the change and its clinical signifi cance of serum and cerebrospinal fl uid(CSF) sCD40,sCD40L in children with EV71 encephalitis. Methods According to the clinical manifestations patients were divided into ordinary patient group,severe cases group (subdivided into heavy type group of severe cases and critical type group of severe cases). And the establishment of a control group was made. The concentration of sCD40 and sCD40L in serum and CSF of each case were detected by double antibody sandwich ELISA Method. Results Serum and CSF sCD40,sCD40L levels of severe cases group in the acute phase were signifi cantly higher than those of the ordinary cases group and control group respectively(P<0.01). Serum and CSF sCD40,sCD40L levels of the ordinary cases group and the control group had no signifi cant difference. Serum and CSF levels of sCD40 and sCD40L in critical type group of severe cases were elevated compared with heavy type group of severe cases(P<0.05). Serum and CSF sCD40,sCD40L levels of severe cases group in the acute phase were signifi cantly higher than those of the recovery period of severe cases group and the control group,but serum and CSF sCD40,sCD40L levels of the recovery period of severe cases group and the control group had no signifi cant difference. The serum and cerebrospinal fl uid sCD40,sCD40L were tested of positive correlation in severe cases group. There was no signifi cant correlation between ordinary cases group and control groups in serum and cerebrospinal fl uid sCD40,sCD40L. The serum,cerebrospinal fl uid sCD40 and sCD40L were positively correlated in severe cases group. The serum and cerebrospinal fl uid sCD40,sCD40L were not correlated in ordinary cases group and control group. Conclusions sCD40 and sCD40L may participate in the pathogenesis of EV71 encephalitis. Detection of the two parameters may be helpful to the evaluation of the severity and prognosis of EV71 encephalitis.
EV71 encephalitis sCD40 sCD40L Children
浙江省醫(yī)藥衛(wèi)生科技計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(2010KYA162;2011K YA130); 杭州市科技發(fā)展計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(20110833B18)
310014 杭州市兒童醫(yī)院
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