許金秀,郭寧寧,張?jiān)颇?,王霖?/p>
(河北省滄州市中心醫(yī)院內(nèi)分泌二科,河北 滄州 061001)
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血清鎂水平與2型糖尿病并發(fā)急性腦梗死的相關(guān)性分析
許金秀,郭寧寧,張?jiān)颇?,王霖?/p>
(河北省滄州市中心醫(yī)院內(nèi)分泌二科,河北 滄州 061001)
[摘要]目的探討血清鎂水平與2型糖尿病并發(fā)急性腦梗死(diabetes mellitus and cerebral infarctim,DACI)的關(guān)系。方法收集2型糖尿病(type 2 diabetes mellitus,T2DM)突發(fā)急性腦梗死患者43例作為DACI組,同期新診斷的2型糖尿病患者38例作為T2DM組,選取43例健康體檢者作為對正常對照組,所有受試者入院后分別測量身高、體質(zhì)量及血壓(blood pressure,BP),抽取空腹血檢測血清鎂水平、空腹血糖(fasting blood glucose,FBG)、糖化血紅蛋白(hemoglobin A1c,HbA1c)、總膽固醇(total cholesterol,TC)、三酰甘油(triglyceride,TG)、低密度脂蛋白膽固醇(low-density lipoprotein cholesterol,LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白膽固醇(high-density lipoprotein cholesterol,HDL-C),分析血清鎂與各指標(biāo)間的相關(guān)性及與DACI的關(guān)系。結(jié)果與正常對照組相比,T2DM組及DACI組血清鎂水平均下降(P<0.05);DACI組血清鎂水平較T2DM組降低P<0.05)。Pearson相關(guān)分析顯示DACI組血清鎂水平與BP、FPG、HbA1c、TC、TG、LDL-C均呈負(fù)相關(guān)(P<0.05),與BMI及HDL-C均無相關(guān)性(P>0.05)。多元Logistic回歸分析顯示血清鎂水平、BP、FBG及HbA1c是糖尿病患者發(fā)生急性腦梗死的危險(xiǎn)因素(P<0.05)。結(jié)論低血鎂是2型糖尿病患者發(fā)生急性缺血性腦血管病變的重要危險(xiǎn)因素。
[關(guān)鍵詞]糖尿病,2型;急性腦梗死;血清鎂
doi:10.3969/j.issn.1007-3205.2016.05.006
糖尿病是當(dāng)前威脅全球人類健康最重要的慢性病之一,急性缺血性腦卒中是2型糖尿病(type 2 diabetes mellitus,T2DM)大血管病變的一種重要的并發(fā)癥,早期預(yù)防意義重大[1-3]。鎂離子是人體內(nèi)各項(xiàng)代謝活動(dòng)的輔助因子,在物質(zhì)代謝及能量代謝中均具有重要的作用,目前普遍認(rèn)為低血鎂與糖尿病、動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化、腦卒中等疾病密切相關(guān)[4-5]。目前關(guān)于血清鎂水平與2型糖尿病并發(fā)急性腦梗死(diabetes mellitus and cerebral infarctim,DACI)的相關(guān)性研究報(bào)道較少。本研究探討血清鎂水平與DACI的關(guān)系及特點(diǎn),旨在為早期預(yù)防和個(gè)體化治療提供理論依據(jù)。
1.1一般資料選擇2013年1月—2014年12月在我院就診的首次發(fā)作急性腦梗死的T2DM患者43例作為DACI組,男性23例,女性20例,年齡44~75歲,平均(65.87±7.22)歲,所有患者均經(jīng)常規(guī)頭部CT或MRI檢查證實(shí)為急性腦梗死。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):①外傷、腫瘤、顱內(nèi)血管畸形、血管炎等非動(dòng)脈硬化引起的急性腦血管病;②心源性腦栓塞或有明確栓子來源的腦栓塞患者;③蛛網(wǎng)膜下腔出血和硬膜下血腫患者;④嚴(yán)重心、肝、腎功能障礙者及肺部疾病、溶血、貧血;⑤正在服用降脂藥、利膽藥、利尿藥及影響尿酸的藥物。選擇同期入院治療的新診斷為2型糖尿病患者38例作為T2DM組,男性20例,女性18例,年齡40~72歲,平均(63.05±8.93)歲,T2DM按1999年世界衛(wèi)生組織糖尿病診斷及分型標(biāo)準(zhǔn),除外1型糖尿病及各種糖尿病急性并發(fā)癥、視網(wǎng)膜病變、肝腎疾病、感染、自身免疫性疾病、惡性腫瘤、近6個(gè)月有手術(shù)及外傷或輸血史。另選健康體檢者40例作為正常對照組,排除糖尿病、心腦血管疾病,男性23例,女性17例,年齡47~80歲,平均(64.27±8.71)歲。3組患者性別、年齡差異均無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),具有可比性。
1.2方法受試者禁食12 h,次日清晨抽取肘靜脈血檢測血清鎂、空腹血糖(fasting blood glucose,F(xiàn)PG)、三酰甘油(triglyceride,TG)、總膽固醇(total cholesterol,TC)、低密度脂蛋白膽固醇(low-density lipoprotein cholesterol,LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白膽固醇(high-density lipoprotein cholesterol,HDL-C)、糖化血紅蛋白(hemoglobin A1c,HbA1c)。測定身高、體質(zhì)量、收縮壓、舒張壓,計(jì)算體質(zhì)量指數(shù)(body mass index,BMI)。
1.3統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法應(yīng)用SPSS 17.0軟件完成數(shù)據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)。計(jì)量資料比較分別采用F檢驗(yàn)和SNK-q檢驗(yàn);相關(guān)性采用Pearson相關(guān)分析;危險(xiǎn)因素分析采用多元Logistic回歸分析。P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2.1各組臨床資料比較DACI組FBG、HbA1c、LDL-C均明顯高于T2DM組及正常對照組P<0.05),T2DM組FBG、HbA1c、TG、TC、LDL-C均明顯高于正常對照組P<0.05),HDL-C及BMI在各組間差異均無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。與正常對照組相比,DACI組及T2DM組血清鎂水平均明顯降低,且DACI組血清鎂水平明顯低于T2DM組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。見表1。
表1各組臨床資料比較
組別例數(shù)體質(zhì)量指數(shù)收縮壓(mmHg)舒張壓(mmHg)FBG(mmol/L)HbA1c(%)正常對照組4323.91±2.73126.00±9.2576.93±8.945.54±0.654.93±1.04T2DM組3824.84±2.67135.70±10.13*81.00±7.69*8.14±1.59*7.37±1.05*DACI組4324.57±1.98158.00±20.69*#102.80±14.68*#9.64±2.11*#7.92±1.23*# F/χ22.72935.44160.18073.75467.455 P0.0700.0000.0000.0000.000
表1 (續(xù))
*P<0.05與正常對照組比較#P<0.05與T2DM組比較(q檢驗(yàn))
2.2Pearson相關(guān)分析對DACI組各臨床指標(biāo)進(jìn)行相關(guān)性分析顯示,血清鎂水平與BP(r=-0.364,P<0.05)、FPG(r=-0.497,P<0.05)、HbA1c(r=-0.364,P<0.05)、TC(r=-0.393,P<0.05)、TG(r=-0.387,P<0.05)、LDL-C(r=-0.224,P<0.05)均呈負(fù)相關(guān),與BMI及HDL-C均無相關(guān)性(P>0.05)。
2.3Logistic回歸分析以腦梗死為因變量,以血清鎂(0=≥0.8 mmol/L,1=<0.8 mmol/L)、收縮壓(0=<140 mmHg,1=≥140 mmHg)、舒張壓(0=<90 mmHg,1=≥90 mmHg)、FPG(0=<7.0 mmol/L,1=≥7.0 mmol/L)、HbA1c(0=<6.5%,1=≥6.5%)、TC(0=<5.17 mmol/L,1=≥5.17 mmol/L)、TG(0=<1.7 mmol/L,1=≥1.7 mmol/L)及LDL-C(0=<3.40 mmol/L,1=≥3.40 mmol/L)為自變量,進(jìn)行多元Logistic回歸分析,結(jié)果顯示血清鎂水平、BP、FBG及HbA1c是糖尿病患者發(fā)生急性腦梗死的危險(xiǎn)因素P<0.05),見表2。
表2 急性腦梗死的Logistic回歸分析
鎂是除鈉、鉀、鈣外體內(nèi)居第4位的最豐富的陽離子,在體內(nèi)發(fā)揮著重要的代謝和調(diào)節(jié)作用,盡管鎂與糖尿病相關(guān)的機(jī)制目前尚不確定,但是近年來研究發(fā)現(xiàn)糖尿病患者存在低血鎂,推測可能是高血糖滲透性利尿可以使鎂從尿中丟失,另外胰島素可以調(diào)節(jié)鎂離子從細(xì)胞外向細(xì)胞內(nèi)轉(zhuǎn)移,導(dǎo)致鎂離子在體內(nèi)重新分布;而低鎂可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致胰島素受體水平上的酪氨酸激酶活性降低,增加細(xì)胞內(nèi)鈣的濃度,降低參與葡萄糖轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)的ATP酶的活性,影響細(xì)胞對胰島素介導(dǎo)的葡萄糖的攝取,增加胰島素抵抗,升高血糖水平[6-8]。急性腦梗死是T2DM患者致死致殘的主要原因,高血糖是糖尿病患者發(fā)生腦梗死的重要因素之一[9]。高血糖可使腦內(nèi)無氧代謝增加,減少ATP生成,進(jìn)一步加重急性腦缺血,影響腦梗死的神經(jīng)功能恢復(fù)[10-12]。
本研究結(jié)果顯示,DACI組血鎂水平明顯低T2DM組及正常對照組,而T2DM組血鎂水平又低于正常對照組。提示低血鎂在T2DM及其合并急性腦梗死病變中發(fā)揮了重要的作用,在急性腦梗死的發(fā)生中也存在血鎂代謝異常,現(xiàn)有的文獻(xiàn)提示造成急性腦梗死患者鎂缺乏的原因可能與早期大量單胺類遞質(zhì)釋放及拮抗鈣離子內(nèi)流消耗有關(guān)[13]。研究還發(fā)現(xiàn)血鎂與脂質(zhì)過氧化、血管內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞及血小板功能關(guān)系密切,血鎂可以通過調(diào)節(jié)花生四烯酸代謝,減少代謝過程中產(chǎn)生的大量自由基,防止脂質(zhì)過氧化反應(yīng)引起的細(xì)胞膜損害和離子內(nèi)環(huán)境改變[14]。低鎂增加內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞的滲透性,增強(qiáng)血管對血管收縮活性物質(zhì)的反應(yīng),減少內(nèi)皮源性血管舒張因子如前列腺素、內(nèi)皮素的釋放[13]。此外,鎂還能通過抑制血栓素A2進(jìn)而抑制血小板活性。目前多項(xiàng)臨床隊(duì)列及實(shí)驗(yàn)室研究報(bào)道了鎂的攝入與心腦血管疾病的發(fā)生及預(yù)后密切相關(guān)[15-17]。提示低鎂已成為心腦血管疾病的一項(xiàng)重要的危險(xiǎn)因素。
本研究還發(fā)現(xiàn)DACI患者血鎂水平與BP、FPG、HbA1c、TC、TG、LDL-C呈負(fù)相關(guān),血清鎂水
平是糖尿病患者發(fā)生急性腦梗死的危險(xiǎn)因素。以前的研究還發(fā)現(xiàn)鎂缺乏還與糖尿病患者血脂代謝異常相關(guān)[18-20]。但在本研究中并未發(fā)現(xiàn)血鎂與HDL-C存在相關(guān)性,可能是由于本研究樣本量較少,尚需大規(guī)模的臨床研究進(jìn)一步驗(yàn)證。
綜上所述,鎂缺乏可以增加發(fā)生高血壓、高血糖的風(fēng)險(xiǎn),并在T2DM患者發(fā)生急性缺血性腦血管病中發(fā)揮重要的作用。因此,控制血鎂水平可能對T2DM患者急性腦梗死并發(fā)癥的發(fā)生是有益的,但尚有待進(jìn)一步研究。
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(本文編輯:劉斯靜)
[收稿日期]2015-09-11;[修回日期]2015-09-25
[作者簡介]許金秀(1975-02),女,河北滄州人,河北省滄州市中心醫(yī)院副主任醫(yī)師,醫(yī)學(xué)碩士,從事內(nèi)分泌與代謝性疾病診治研究。
[中圖分類號]R587.1
[文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼]A
[文章編號]1007-3205(2016)05-0520-04
The correlated analysis of serum magnesium levels with type 2 diabetes mellitus complicated with acute cerebral infarction
XU Jin-xiu,GUO Ning-ning,ZHANG Yun-na,WANG Lin-xia
(Department of Endocrinology Ⅱ, the Central Hospital of Cangzhou city, Hebei, CangZhou 061001, China)
【Abstract】ObjectiveThis study aims to evaluate the relationship between serum magnesium levels and type 2 diabetes mellitus complicated with acute cerebral infarction, and to provides reference for the prevention and treatment of diabetic complications. MethodsIn collected 81 cases from January 2013 to December 2014 at the central hospital of Cangzhou,type 2 diabetes mellitus complicated with acute cerebral infarction(n=43) were chosen as diabetes mellitus and cerebral infarctim(DACI) group, patients with T2DM and without acute or chronic complications induced by T2DM(n=38) were chosen as T2DM group, 40 healthy individuals were regarded as normal control group. The serum magnesium levels for all patients were detected, the levels of blood pressure(BP), fasting blood glucose(FBG), hemoglobin A1c(HbA1c), triglyceride(TG), total cholesterol(TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C) and BMI were measured as well. ResultsCompared with control group, the level of serum magnesium in DACI group and T2DM were obviously decreased (all P<0.05) and the level in T2DM groups was lower than that in DACI group ( P<0.05). Correlated analysis of every factor in DACI group showed that the serum magnesium level was negative related with BP, FPG, HbA1c, TC, TG, LDL-C(all P<0.05) and not related with BMI and HDL-C(all P>0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis revealed that the serum magnesium levels, BP, FBG, HbA1c are risk factors for diabetes patients with acute cerebral infarction(P<0.05). ConclusionHypomagnesemia is an important risk factor for T2DM patients with acute ischemic cerebrovascular disease.
[Key words]diabetes mellitus, type 2; brain infarction; magnesium