程英?!∪~暉 王愛敏 春芽
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·論著·
子宮頸鱗癌中晚期同步放化療效果及遠(yuǎn)處轉(zhuǎn)移的影響因素研究
程英祝葉暉王愛敏春芽
目的探討子宮頸鱗癌中晚期同步放化療的療效及遠(yuǎn)處轉(zhuǎn)移的影響因素。方法抽取2007年10月至2010年10月子宮頸鱗癌中晚期同步放化療患者139例(Ⅱb期~Ⅳa期)進(jìn)行回顧性分析,通過翻閱病例和電話隨訪的方法,觀察總生存率、遠(yuǎn)處轉(zhuǎn)移的生存率、無轉(zhuǎn)移的生存率;單因素分析遠(yuǎn)處轉(zhuǎn)移的影響因素;多因素分析遠(yuǎn)處轉(zhuǎn)移的影響因素。結(jié)果139例患者中,出現(xiàn)復(fù)發(fā)46例,其中局部復(fù)發(fā)16例,遠(yuǎn)處轉(zhuǎn)移23例,局部復(fù)發(fā)并發(fā)遠(yuǎn)處轉(zhuǎn)移7例。復(fù)發(fā)患者存活5例,死亡41例;未復(fù)發(fā)患者存活83例,死亡10例。宮頸鱗癌中晚期同步放化療患者總生存率為63.30%,遠(yuǎn)處轉(zhuǎn)移生存率3.57%,5年無轉(zhuǎn)移生存率89.24%。單因素分析結(jié)果顯示, FIGO臨床分期、治療后SCC-Ag水平、治療前Hb水平、盆腔淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移是影響宮頸鱗癌中晚期同步放化療患者遠(yuǎn)處轉(zhuǎn)移的影響因素,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(χ2=9.371、11.245、6.747、5.110,P=0.002、0.000、0.009、0.024)。多因素分析結(jié)果顯示, FIGO臨床分期、治療后SCC-Ag水平、盆腔淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移是影響宮頸鱗癌中晚期同步放化療患者遠(yuǎn)處轉(zhuǎn)移的獨(dú)立影響因素,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(χ2=2.412、4.536、3.553,P=0.011、0.004、0.008)。結(jié)論子宮頸鱗癌中晚期同步放化療的療效較好,總生存率較高,值得進(jìn)一步推廣;FIGO臨床分期、治療后SCC-Ag水平、盆腔淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移是影響宮頸鱗癌中晚期同步放化療患者遠(yuǎn)處轉(zhuǎn)移的獨(dú)立影響因素。
子宮鱗癌;放化療;遠(yuǎn)處轉(zhuǎn)移;影響因子
宮頸癌對(duì)于女性的危害性可謂眾人皆知,其中鱗狀細(xì)胞癌在宮頸惡性腫瘤中的比重最大,以致宮頸鱗癌成為女性生命的典型殺手[1,2]。近年來,隨著醫(yī)療水平的逐步提高,對(duì)于宮頸鱗癌的診斷和治療手段也越來越先進(jìn),該病的病死率也在隨之下降[3]。手術(shù)療法和放化療的結(jié)合運(yùn)用對(duì)于該病的療效頗為顯著[4],但是對(duì)于中晚期的患者而言,仍然存在很多待解決的問題,例如合理放化療方案的選擇、癌癥復(fù)發(fā)和轉(zhuǎn)移的預(yù)防等方面[5-7],都有待我們進(jìn)一步研究。本次研究進(jìn)一步探討子宮頸鱗癌中晚期同步放化療的療效及遠(yuǎn)處轉(zhuǎn)移的影響因素,報(bào)告如下。
1.1一般資料抽取2007年10月至2010年10月寶雞市中醫(yī)醫(yī)院婦科子宮頸鱗癌中晚期同步放化療患者139例進(jìn)行回顧性分析,年齡32~70歲,平均年齡(44.14±12.83)歲。139例子宮頸鱗癌中晚期患者中,Ⅱb期65例,Ⅲa期7例,Ⅲb期62例,Ⅳa期5例;腫瘤直徑>4 cm的66例,腫瘤直徑≤4 cm的73例;盆腔淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移者42例,未出現(xiàn)轉(zhuǎn)移者97例;治療前,Hb≤110 g/L者48例,Hb>110 g/L者91例;治療前,SCC-Ag>1.5 μg/L者108例,SCC-Ag≤1.5 μg/L者31例;治療后,SCC-Ag>1.5 μg/L者40例,SCC-Ag≤1.5 μg/L者99例。
1.2納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn)(1)病理活檢確診為子宮頸鱗癌患者;(2)根據(jù)2009年婦產(chǎn)科聯(lián)盟FIGO的分期標(biāo)準(zhǔn)[8],所有患者均為Ⅱb~Ⅳa期宮頸癌患者;(3)治療方案為基礎(chǔ)治療+同步放化療;(4)知情同意并且愿意簽署知情同意書者。
1.3方法
1.3.1治療方法:所有患者均采用放療和化療相結(jié)合的方式進(jìn)行,放療分為體外放療和腔內(nèi)放療兩種。①化療方案:順鉑30 mg/m2,每周1次,共5次。②放療:X線盆腔前后對(duì)穿野照射,總劑量為45 Gy,分25次進(jìn)行;當(dāng)劑量達(dá)到30 Gy時(shí),交替進(jìn)行192Ir后裝腔內(nèi)放療,每周1次,分6次進(jìn)行,單次劑量為6 Gy/次。
1.3.2觀察方法:主要采用隨訪和病例查閱的方法對(duì)以下資料進(jìn)行搜集,隨訪時(shí)間為治療結(jié)束后1個(gè)月,之后每3個(gè)月進(jìn)行隨訪,截止時(shí)間為患者死亡或者2015年12月30日,平均隨訪時(shí)間(86.35±12.51)個(gè)月。觀察指標(biāo):①觀察總生存率、遠(yuǎn)處轉(zhuǎn)移的生存率、無轉(zhuǎn)移的生存率;②分析單因素分析遠(yuǎn)處轉(zhuǎn)移的影響因素;③分析多因素分析遠(yuǎn)處轉(zhuǎn)移的影響因素。
2.1宮頸鱗癌中晚期同步放化療患者生存率139例患者中,出現(xiàn)復(fù)發(fā)46例,局部復(fù)發(fā)16例,遠(yuǎn)處轉(zhuǎn)移23例,局部復(fù)發(fā)并發(fā)遠(yuǎn)處轉(zhuǎn)移7例。復(fù)發(fā)患者存活5例,死亡41例;未復(fù)發(fā)患者存活83例,死亡10例。宮頸鱗癌中晚期同步放化療患者總生存率63.30%,遠(yuǎn)處轉(zhuǎn)移生存率3.57%,5年無轉(zhuǎn)移生存率89.24%。見圖1。
圖1 不同類型同步放化療患者生存曲線
2.2單因素分析遠(yuǎn)處轉(zhuǎn)移的影響因素FIGO臨床分期、治療后SCC-Ag水平、治療前Hb水平、盆腔淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移是影響宮頸鱗癌中晚期同步放化療患者遠(yuǎn)處轉(zhuǎn)移的影響因素,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(χ2=9.371、11.245、6.747、5.110,P=0.002、0.000、0.009、0.024)。見表1。
表1 單因素分析遠(yuǎn)處轉(zhuǎn)移的影響因素
注:SCC-Ag:鱗狀細(xì)胞癌抗原
2.3多因素分析遠(yuǎn)處轉(zhuǎn)移的影響因素FIGO臨床分期、治療后SCC-Ag水平、盆腔淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移是影響宮頸鱗癌中晚期同步放化療患者遠(yuǎn)處轉(zhuǎn)移的獨(dú)立影響因素,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(χ2=2.412、4.536、3.553,P=0.011、0.004、0.008)。見表2。
表2 多因素分析遠(yuǎn)處轉(zhuǎn)移的影響因素
宮頸鱗癌中晚期(Ⅱb期~Ⅳa期)患者目前主要采用的主要治療方法為放化療相結(jié)合的方法,但是由于放化療本身副作用大[9,10],因此具體運(yùn)用起來需要慎重考慮,我科室主要采用體外放療和腔內(nèi)放療、配合化療的方法來探索該病特定時(shí)期的臨床療效。此外,對(duì)于中晚期鱗癌的遠(yuǎn)處轉(zhuǎn)移,我們選擇了FIGO臨床分期、治療前后SCC-Ag水平、盆腔淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移、以及治療前Hb等作為備選指標(biāo),爭取找到遠(yuǎn)處轉(zhuǎn)移的相關(guān)因素,希望對(duì)于轉(zhuǎn)移的預(yù)防和早期診斷起到幫助。
本次研究結(jié)果顯示,宮頸鱗癌中晚期同步放化療患者總生存率為63.30%,遠(yuǎn)處轉(zhuǎn)移生存率為3.57%,5年無轉(zhuǎn)移生存率89.24%。結(jié)果提示我科室對(duì)于子宮頸鱗癌中晚期進(jìn)行的同步放化療的療效較好,總生存率較高,倘若未發(fā)生遠(yuǎn)處轉(zhuǎn)移,對(duì)于該類患者的治療會(huì)體現(xiàn)出更大優(yōu)勢(shì)。眾所周知,癌癥患者一旦出現(xiàn)遠(yuǎn)端轉(zhuǎn)移,就以目前的醫(yī)療水平,還難以達(dá)到控制疾病的能力,對(duì)于癥狀的控制和疾病的治療目前還處于摸索階段[11,12]。我們得出FIGO臨床分期、治療后SCC-Ag水平、盆腔淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移是影響宮頸鱗癌中晚期同步放化療患者遠(yuǎn)處轉(zhuǎn)移的獨(dú)立影響因素,從臨床分期角度分析,本次研究選擇的對(duì)象均為Ⅱb期~Ⅳa期范圍內(nèi)的樣本,在這樣相對(duì)病情較重的患者中,Ⅲ~Ⅳ期患者5年內(nèi)的生存率要小于Ⅱ期的患者,這就提示我們?nèi)绻軌蜃柚辜膊〉陌l(fā)展速度和程度,則對(duì)于提高患者的生存率會(huì)有一定的價(jià)值。而對(duì)于鱗狀細(xì)胞癌抗原SCC-Ag而言,該指標(biāo)現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)廣泛運(yùn)用于婦科宮頸鱗癌的學(xué)科中[13]。很多學(xué)者認(rèn)為,它在診斷學(xué)中可以用于診斷宮頸鱗癌的判定,在治療學(xué)中可以用于評(píng)價(jià)治療后放化療的臨床療效[14]。并且治療后血清中SCC-Ag很可能與人體內(nèi)的腫瘤殘存量相關(guān),這也與本次研究的結(jié)果相吻合,通過本次的結(jié)果我們發(fā)現(xiàn),如果治療后血清中鱗狀細(xì)胞癌抗原SCC-Ag水平較高的話,則出現(xiàn)遠(yuǎn)處轉(zhuǎn)移的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)也可能更大。另外,對(duì)于盆腔淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移與否的探索,醫(yī)學(xué)界已經(jīng)進(jìn)行了很多探索,淋巴結(jié)作為人體重要的免疫器官,在與癌癥的抗?fàn)幹衅鸬讲豢珊鲆暤淖饔肹15],本次試驗(yàn)只不過對(duì)其中一個(gè)點(diǎn)進(jìn)行了細(xì)化,發(fā)現(xiàn)了盆腔淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移與治療后子宮癌遠(yuǎn)端轉(zhuǎn)移的相關(guān)性,這也與以往的醫(yī)學(xué)研究結(jié)論保持了一致的方向。所以,三種影響因素都與癌細(xì)胞的轉(zhuǎn)移有著千絲萬縷的聯(lián)系,至此,筆者認(rèn)為,雖然我們的試驗(yàn)得出了較為滿意的結(jié)論,但是我們還需要在前人的基礎(chǔ)上還做更深入的研究,才能得到更為有價(jià)值的結(jié)論。
綜上所述,子宮頸鱗癌中晚期同步放化療的療效較好,總生存率較高,值得進(jìn)一步推廣, FIGO臨床分期、治療后SCC-Ag水平、盆腔淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移是影響宮頸鱗癌中晚期同步放化療患者遠(yuǎn)處轉(zhuǎn)移的獨(dú)立影響因素。
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Therapeutic effects of middle-late stage synchronism chemoradiation on cervical squamous cell carcinomas and influencing factors of distant metastasis
CHENGYingzhu,YEHui,WANGAimin,etal.
DepartmentofGynaecology,TCMHospitalofBaojiCity,Shanxi,Baoji721001,China
ObjectiveTo observe the therapeutic effects of middle-late stage synchronism chemoradiation on cervical squamous cell carcinomas and influencing factors of distant metastasis.MethodsThe data about 139 patients with cervical squamous carcinoma (stageⅡb ~Ⅳa) who underwent middle-late stage synchronism chemoradiation in our hospital from October 2007 to October 2010 were retrospectively analyzed. The total survival rate, the survival rate in distant metastasis, the survival rate without metastasis were observed by the method of browse cases and telephone follow-up. The influencing factors of distant metastasis were investigated by single factor analysis and multiple factors analysis, respectively.ResultsAmong 139 patients, there were 46 cases with relapse including 16 cases of local relapse, 23 cases of distant metastasis and 7 cases of local relapse combined with distant metastasis.Among 46 patients with relapse, 5 patients were survived,the other 41 patients died.However among 83 patients without relapse,only 10 patients died.The total survival rate in patients receiving middle-late stage synchronism chemoradiation was 63.30%,the survical rate in patients with distant metastasis was 3.57%, and the survival rate in patients without metastasis within 5 years was 89.24%. The results by single factor analysis showed that FIGO clinical staging,the levels of SCC-Ag after treatment,the levels of Hb before treatment, pelvic lymph node metastasis were the influencing factors on distant metastasis in patients receiving middle-late stage synchronism chemoradiation (χ2=9.371,11.245, 6.747, 5.110, respectively,P<0.01 or P<0.05). The results by multiple factors analysis showed that FIGO clinical staging,the levels of SCC-Ag after treatment, pelvic lymph node metastasis were independent influencing factors on distant metastasis in patients receiving middle-late stage synchronism chemoradiation (χ2=2.412,4.536,3.553,respectively,P<0.05 or P<0.01).ConclusionThe therapeutic effects of middle-late stage synchronism chemoradiation on cervical squamous cell carcinomas are better,and the total survival rate of patients is higher,thus,which is worth using widely in clinical practice. FIGO clinical stage, the levels of SCC Ag after treatment, pelvic lymph node metastasis are independent influencing factors on distant metastasis in patients receiving middle-late stage synchronism chemoradiation.
uterus squamous cell carcinomas; radiation and chemotherapy; distant metastases; influencing factors
10.3969/j.issn.1002-7386.2016.19.015
721001陜西省寶雞市中醫(yī)醫(yī)院婦科
R 737.33
A
1002-7386(2016)19-2939-03
2016-03-06)