鄭美娟 秦義組 張 敏 張振華 徐元宏
(安徽醫(yī)科大學(xué)第一附屬醫(yī)院檢驗(yàn)科,合肥230022)
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慢性乙型肝炎患者外周血NKG2A+NK細(xì)胞與Treg的關(guān)系研究①
鄭美娟秦義組②張敏張振華③徐元宏
(安徽醫(yī)科大學(xué)第一附屬醫(yī)院檢驗(yàn)科,合肥230022)
目的:探討慢性乙型肝炎病毒(CHB)患者外周血NKG2A+NK細(xì)胞與調(diào)節(jié)性T細(xì)胞(Treg)的關(guān)系及臨床意義。方法:收集46例CHB患者和17例健康對照者外周血,采用實(shí)時(shí)熒光定量PCR法檢測血清HBV DNA;采用流式細(xì)胞術(shù)檢測NKG2A+NK細(xì)胞及Treg的比例。結(jié)果:將CHB患者分為Low HBV DNA組(300~104U/ml)及High HBV DNA組(105~108U/ml)。我們發(fā)現(xiàn)High HBV DNA組ALT明顯高于Low HBV DNA組(P<0.05)。High HBV DNA組CD56dimNK細(xì)胞及NKG2A+CD56dimNK細(xì)胞的比例均分別明顯高于Low HBV DNA組(P<0.05)。且High HBV DNA組Treg明顯高于Low HBV DNA組和對照組(P<0.05)。此外,NKG2A+CD56dimNK細(xì)胞的比例與High HBV DNA載量及Treg水平均呈正相關(guān)性(r=0.59,P<0.05;r=0.53,P<0.05)。結(jié)論:CHB患者的NKG2A+CD56dimNK細(xì)胞的水平與HBV的免疫逃逸及疾病的進(jìn)展相關(guān)。
慢性乙型肝炎;HBV DNA;NK細(xì)胞;NKG2A;調(diào)節(jié)性T細(xì)胞
乙型肝炎病毒(Hpatitis B virus,HBV)是一種非細(xì)胞毒性的嗜肝DNA病毒,HBV感染機(jī)體可導(dǎo)致慢性乙型肝炎(Chronic hepatitis B,CHB),其進(jìn)一步發(fā)展可導(dǎo)致肝硬化和肝癌的發(fā)生,嚴(yán)重威脅人類的健康[1]。目前CHB慢性化的發(fā)病機(jī)制尚不完全清楚,可能與宿主免疫應(yīng)答狀態(tài)及HBV誘導(dǎo)的免疫耐受有關(guān)[2,3]。
NK細(xì)胞是天然免疫系統(tǒng)的重要成員,在機(jī)體抵抗病毒感染中發(fā)揮重要作用。人類成熟NK細(xì)胞根據(jù)CD56的表達(dá),可分為CD56brightNK細(xì)胞和CD56dimNK細(xì)胞,其中CD56dimNK細(xì)胞約占外周血NK細(xì)胞的90%,具有較強(qiáng)的細(xì)胞毒性[4]。近來有研究表明NK細(xì)胞在清除HBV過程中發(fā)揮至關(guān)重要的作用[5],且HBV持續(xù)感染導(dǎo)致NK細(xì)胞功能受損[6]。NK細(xì)胞的功能受到其表達(dá)的活化性受體和抑制性受體博弈后的平衡所調(diào)控,受體的多樣性傳遞不同的活化信號和抑制信號,NK細(xì)胞通過上調(diào)抑制性受體的表達(dá)介導(dǎo)其功能的抑制[7]。CD4+CD25+Foxp3+調(diào)節(jié)性T細(xì)胞(regulatory T cells,Treg)具有免疫抑制功能,可抑制天然免疫及獲得性免疫應(yīng)答,并且在HBV的發(fā)病過程中具有重要作用[8]。因此,本研究根據(jù)CHB患者血清HBV DNA載量分為High HBV DNA組和Low HBV DNA組,探討NK細(xì)胞及其表達(dá)的抑制性受體NKG2A與Treg的關(guān)系及其在HBV免疫逃逸中的作用。
1.1材料
1.1.1研究對象收集2014年11月至2015年12月在安徽醫(yī)科大學(xué)第一附屬醫(yī)院感染科診治的CHB患者46例。所有CHB患者符合《病毒性肝炎防治方案》診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和《慢性乙型肝炎防治指南》的診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。所有病例排除患有甲、丙、丁、戊型等肝炎及其他病毒感染、腫瘤及自身免疫性肝病。選取17例同期體檢合格的健康人群為對照組,乙型肝炎標(biāo)志物為陰性且無肝炎病史。
1.1.2主要試劑及儀器紅細(xì)胞裂解液,F(xiàn)ITC-CD4,PE-CD25,CD3-Percp-Cy5.5,APC-CD56,流式細(xì)胞儀FACS Calibur均購自美國BD公司;Foxp3內(nèi)標(biāo)染色試劑盒和Alexa-647-Foxp3均購自美國eBioscience公司;PE-NKG2A購自美國R&D公司;HBV DNA檢測試劑盒購自上海之江生物科技股份有限公司; 熒光定量PCR檢測儀SLAN-965為上海宏石醫(yī)療科技有限公司。
1.2方法
1.2.1血漿HBV DNA定量檢測采集患者的外周血并分離血清,血清HBV DNA檢測采用熒光定量PCR法檢測,操作嚴(yán)格按照試劑盒說明書進(jìn)行。
1.2.2流式細(xì)胞術(shù)檢測NK細(xì)胞和Treg①檢測NK細(xì)胞表面受體:同時(shí)取2份肝素鈉抗凝血各100 μl,分別加入PE-NKG2A/CD3-Percp-Cy5.5/APC-CD56及同型對照管,室溫避光孵育15 min,每管加入紅細(xì)胞裂解液室溫避光10 min,PBS洗滌2次,300 μl PBS重懸細(xì)胞沉淀,F(xiàn)ACSCalibur流式細(xì)胞儀檢測,F(xiàn)lowJo軟件分析CD56+CD3-NK細(xì)胞的比例及NKG2A的表達(dá);②檢測Treg:取肝素鈉抗凝血100 μl,加入FITC-CD4/ PE-25,室溫避光孵育15 min,每管加入紅細(xì)胞裂解液室溫避光10 min,PBS洗滌2次,加入固定液室溫避光反應(yīng)40 min,穿膜液洗滌2次,加入Alexa 647-Foxp3,同時(shí)設(shè)同型對照管,室溫避光孵育1 h,穿膜液及PBS各洗滌1次,300 μl PBS重懸細(xì)胞沉淀,F(xiàn)ACS Calibur流式細(xì)胞儀檢測,F(xiàn)lowJo軟件分析CD4+CD25+Foxp3+細(xì)胞的比例。
2.1患者一般資料根據(jù)血清HBV DNA水平,將46例CHB患者分為Low HBV DNA組(300~104U/ml)及High HBV DNA組(105~108U/ml),其中男性38例,女性8例,HBeAg (+) 患者為24例;健康對照17例;對CHB患者組ALT水平檢測,發(fā)現(xiàn)High HBV DNA組ALT明顯高于Low HBV DNA組(P<0.05)。CHB患者組及對照組的一般資料見表1。
2.2CHB患者外周血NK細(xì)胞水平的比較檢測Low HBV DNA組、High HBV DNA組及健康對照組外周血CD3-CD56dimNK細(xì)胞及CD3-CD56brightNK細(xì)胞百分比,我們發(fā)現(xiàn)CD56dimNK細(xì)胞在Low HBV DNA組(6.15%±0.82%)和 High HBV DNA組(8.99% ± 1.12%)均明顯低于對照組(16.36% ± 1.90%),差異均具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。High HBV DNA組的CD56dimNK細(xì)胞比例明顯高于Low HBV DNA組(P<0.05),見圖1A、B。此外,Low HBV DNA組、High HBV DNA組CD56brightNK細(xì)胞的比例與對照組相比,均無明顯差異(P>0.05),且Low HBV DNA組CD56brightNK細(xì)胞的比例與High HBV DNA組相比亦無明顯差異(P>0.05),見圖1A、C。
表1CHB患者組及健康對照組的一般資料
Tab.1Clinical characteristics of enrolled subjects
ClinicalcharacteristicsHighHBVDNA(105-108U/ml)LowHBVDNA(300-104U/ml)HealthycontrolsCase242217Sex(male)21(87.5%)17(77.3%)11(64.7%)Age(year)39.2±14.443.6±10.933.6±9.1ALT(U/L)372.8±421.31)195.5±21020.2±10.6HBVDNA(U/ml)(369±1004)×105(11.8±22.4)×1030HBsAgpositive24/2422/220HBeAgpositive19/245/220
Note:Compared with Low HBV DNA group,1)P<0.05.
2.3CHB患者外周血NKG2A+ NK細(xì)胞的檢測我們進(jìn)一步分析High HBV DNA組、Low HBV DNA組及健康對照組外周血CD56dimNK細(xì)胞上NKG2A的表達(dá),我們發(fā)現(xiàn)High HBV DNA組(35.14% ± 2.22%)NKG2A+CD56dimNK細(xì)胞明顯高于對照組(26.56% ± 2.01%),差異具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。而Low HBV DNA組(27.17% ± 2.70%)與對照組相比,無明顯差異(P>0.05)。同時(shí)High HBV DNA組NKG2A+CD56dimNK細(xì)胞百分比明顯高于Low HBV DNA組(P<0.05),見圖2A、B。
2.4CHB患者外周血CD4+CD25+Foxp3+Treg的檢測進(jìn)一步比較Low HBV DNA組、High HBV DNA組及健康對照組外周血CD4+CD25+Foxp3+Treg占CD4+T細(xì)胞的百分比,我們發(fā)現(xiàn)Treg在Low HBV DNA組(3.94% ± 0.33%)和 High HBV DNA組(4.96% ± 0.26%)與對照組(2.42% ± 0.24%)相比均明顯增高,差異均具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。且High HBV DNA組的Treg水平明顯高于Low HBV DNA組(P<0.05),見圖3A、B。
2.5CHB患者外周血NKG2A+CD56dimNK細(xì)胞與HBV DNA及Treg相關(guān)性分析進(jìn)一步分析 NKG2A+CD56dimNK細(xì)胞與HBV DNA、Treg的相關(guān)性,結(jié)果表明NKG2A+CD56dimNK細(xì)胞比例與High HBV DNA組的HBV DNA載量呈正相關(guān)(r=0.59,P<0.05),見圖4A;同時(shí)NKG2A+CD56dimNK細(xì)胞比例與Treg的比例亦呈正相關(guān)(r=0.53,P<0.05),見圖4B。
圖1 比較Low HBV DNA組、High HBV DNA組患者及正常對照者外周血CD56dim及CD56bright NK細(xì)胞Fig.1 Comparison of percentages of CD56dim and CD56bright NK cells in peripheral blood of CHB patients with Low HBV DNA and High HBV DNA and normal controlsNote: N.S.represented no significant differences in Fig.1C.
圖2 比較Low HBV DNA組、High HBV DNA組及正常對照組外周血CD56dim NK細(xì)胞上NKG2A的表達(dá)Fig.2 Comparison of proportions of NKG2A+CD56dim NK cells in peripheral blood of CHB patients with Low HBV DNA and High HBV DNA and normal controlsNote: NK cells represented CD56dim NK cells in Fig.2A;N.S.represented no significant differences in Fig.2B.
圖3 Low HBV DNA組、High HBV DNA組及正常對照組Treg水平的比較Fig.3 Comparison of frequency of Treg in peripheral blood of CHB patients with Low HBV DNA,High HBV DNA and normal controlsNote: The smooth dot plots were gated from CD4+ T cells in Fig.3A.
圖4 CHB患者NKG2A+CD56dimNK細(xì)胞比例與HBV DNA、Treg的相關(guān)性分析Fig.4 Correlations between percentage of NKG2A+CD56dim NK cell with serum High HBV DNA levels and percentage of Treg in peripheral blood from patients with chronic hepatitis
我國CHB患者約有3 000萬例,且這些CHB患者是肝硬化、肝癌等終末期肝病發(fā)生的重要誘因。目前CHB的臨床治療主要依賴于干擾素和核苷類似物,然而這些藥物僅能抑制HBV在體內(nèi)的復(fù)制,不能從根本上有效激發(fā)宿主免疫應(yīng)答來清除HBV。固有免疫系統(tǒng)是機(jī)體抵御病原體入侵的第一道防線,無需抗原刺激即可發(fā)揮快速的免疫效應(yīng)[9]。然而HBV的研究較多的研究集中在HBV-特異性CD8+T細(xì)胞的研究[10],值得關(guān)注的是機(jī)體抵抗病毒感染需要固有免疫和獲得性免疫的協(xié)同作用,因此固有免疫在HBV清除中的作用不容忽視。我們之前對小鼠尾靜脈高壓注射HBV質(zhì)粒構(gòu)建HBV轉(zhuǎn)染模型發(fā)現(xiàn)NK細(xì)胞是促進(jìn)CD8+T細(xì)胞活化并介導(dǎo)HBV清除的重要細(xì)胞[5],表明NK細(xì)胞在HBV清除中發(fā)揮重要作用。此外,也有文獻(xiàn)表明在HBV持續(xù)感染者體內(nèi)NK細(xì)胞抑制性受體表達(dá)增高,提示CHB的發(fā)生與NK細(xì)胞功能受到抑制有關(guān)[11,12]。
NK細(xì)胞表達(dá)的抑制性受體通過傳遞抑制性信號介導(dǎo)NK細(xì)胞的功能抑制,已有研究表明NKG2A可下調(diào)NK細(xì)胞的功能,而阻斷NKG2A的配體識別可恢復(fù)NK細(xì)胞的功能[13]。HBV持續(xù)感染者體內(nèi)NKG2A在細(xì)胞的表達(dá)明顯升高,利用HBV轉(zhuǎn)染小鼠模型發(fā)現(xiàn)阻斷NKG2A的信號顯著增強(qiáng)NK細(xì)胞的抗HBV功能[11]。我們的結(jié)果表明High HBV DNA組患者NKG2A+CD56dimNK細(xì)胞比例明顯高于Low HBV DNA組和健康對照組,差異具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義,提示隨著HBV DNA水平增加,CHB患者NKG2A+CD56dimNK細(xì)胞比例亦隨之明顯升高,此外,我們也發(fā)現(xiàn)High HBV DNA組ALT明顯高于Low HBV DNA組,且High HBV DNA組患者HBeAg陽性率亦明顯高于Low HBV DNA組。上述結(jié)果表明CHB患者NK細(xì)胞高表達(dá)NKG2A導(dǎo)致NK細(xì)胞的功能受到抑制可能與HBV的復(fù)制及疾病進(jìn)展有關(guān)。
我們亦發(fā)現(xiàn)High HBV DNA組患者外周血Treg比例明顯高于Low HBV DNA組和健康對照組,差異具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義,且High HBV DNA組患者的Treg亦明顯高于Low HBV DNA組。此外,NKG2A+CD56dimNK細(xì)胞與Treg細(xì)胞的比例呈正相關(guān)性,表明CHB患者的NKG2A+CD56dimNK細(xì)胞可能也發(fā)揮免疫抑制效應(yīng),或與后續(xù)的獲得性免疫應(yīng)答受到抑制相關(guān)。進(jìn)一步的研究表明,NKG2A+CD56dimNK細(xì)胞與HBV DNA高病毒載量呈正相關(guān),提示隨著HBV DNA載量升高,CD56dimNK細(xì)胞表達(dá)NKG2A增加。雖然有研究分別表明CHB患者NKG2A+ NK細(xì)胞的比例與HBV DNA載量升高相一致[11],以及CHB患者中Treg比例與HBV DNA呈正相關(guān)[14]。而我們通過對CHB患者同時(shí)檢測三者之間的關(guān)系,發(fā)現(xiàn)NKG2A+CD56dimNK細(xì)胞與High HBV DNA組HBV DNA載量和Treg均存在正相關(guān)性,表明NKG2A結(jié)果與HBV的復(fù)制相關(guān),可能也介導(dǎo)HBV的免疫逃逸。
總之,我們根據(jù)血清HBV DNA的水平,將CHB患者分為High HBV DNA組和Low HBV DNA組,發(fā)現(xiàn)NKG2A+CD56dimNK細(xì)胞隨著HBV DNA水平、Treg細(xì)胞的比例的增加而明顯增加,且與High HBV DNA載量和Treg均存在正相關(guān)性,提示CHB患者的NK細(xì)胞高表達(dá)NKG2A,與HBV的免疫逃逸及CHB的疾病進(jìn)展有密切聯(lián)系,提示對NKG2A的干預(yù)可能成為CHB免疫治療的靶點(diǎn),為CHB免疫治療提供新的治療提供新策略。
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[收稿2016-06-02]
(編輯許四平)
Clinical correlation between NKG2A+NK cells and regulatory T cells in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection
ZHENG Mei-Juan,QIN Yi-Zu,ZHANG Min,ZHANG Zhen-Hua,XU Yuan-Hong.
Department of Clinicial Laboratory,the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University,Hefei 230022,China
Objective:To investigate the correlation between NKG2A+NK cells and regulatory T cells in peripheral blood of patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection,and explore the clinical significances.Methods: Forty-six patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection and 17 health individuals were included in this study.HBV DNA levels were measured by Real-time quantitative PCR (FQ-PCR).NKG2A+ NK cells and Treg in PBMC were quantitatively analyzed by flow cytometry.Results: According to HBV DNA levels,the CHB patients were divided into two groups:Low HBV DNA group(Low viral load group,300-104U/ml)and High HBV DNA group(High viral load group,105-108U/ml).We found that ALT levels of High HBV DNA group were obviously higher than Low HBV DNA group(P<0.05).The frequenies of CD56dimNK cells of High HBV DNA group were obviously higher than low HBV DNA group (P<0.05),and similarly the percentages of NKG2A+CD56dimNK cells of High HBV DNA group were significantly higher than Low HBV DNA and control groups (P<0.05).We also found that the percentages of regulatory T cells (Treg) of High HBV DNA group were significantly higher than Low HBV DNA and control groups (P<0.05).In addition,the proportions of NKG2A+CD56dimNK cells were positively correlated with High HBV DNA levels (r=0.59,P<0.05) and the percentages of Treg(r=0.53,P<0.05) in CHB patients.Conclusion: NKG2A+CD56dimNK cells may closely relate to the HBV-related immune escape and the progress of CHB.
Chronic hepatitis B virus;HBV DNA;NK cells;NKG2A;Regulatory T cells
10.3969/j.issn.1000-484X.2016.09.021
鄭美娟(1983年-),女,博士,主管技師,碩士生導(dǎo)師,主要從事HBV的致病機(jī)制研究, E-mail:meijzheng@hotmail.com。
及指導(dǎo)教師:徐元宏(1964年-),男,碩士,教授,主任技師,博士生導(dǎo)師,主要從事感染免疫方面的研究,E-mail:xyhong1964@163.com。
R392.12
A
1000-484X(2016)09-1342-05
①本文為國家自然科學(xué)基金(81302525)資助項(xiàng)目。
②安徽省疾病預(yù)防控制中心艾滋病防治科,合肥230601。
③安徽醫(yī)科大學(xué)第一附屬醫(yī)院感染科,合肥230022。