孔祥朋 任鵬 倪明 李想 陳繼營 柴偉
全膝關(guān)節(jié)置換術(shù)中三階段關(guān)節(jié)腔周圍注射雞尾酒與股神經(jīng)阻滯鎮(zhèn)痛效果的比較
孔祥朋 任鵬 倪明 李想 陳繼營 柴偉
目的 研究全膝關(guān)節(jié)置換(total knee arthroplasty,TKA)術(shù)中運(yùn)用三階段關(guān)節(jié)腔周圍注射雞尾酒與股神經(jīng)阻滯鎮(zhèn)痛效果的差異。方法 回顧性選取 2016 年 2 月至 2016 年 6 月,我院收治的 60 例行單側(cè) TKA 的患者,其中男 25 例,女 35 例;年齡 54~73 歲,平均 63 歲。其中 30 例采用全身麻醉聯(lián)合三階段關(guān)節(jié)腔周圍注射雞尾酒局部鎮(zhèn)痛,30 例行神經(jīng)阻滯麻醉并置管。兩組患者的年齡、性別比例、BMI、手術(shù)方式、膝關(guān)節(jié)假體種類差異均無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。術(shù)前 2 h 均口服曲馬多(100 mg)、塞來昔布(200 mg),肌注昂丹司瓊注射液(4 mg)。全麻組患者術(shù)中配制雞尾酒:1% 羅哌卡因(200 mg)、嗎啡(5 mg)、腎上腺素(10 滴,約 0.25 ml)、氨甲環(huán)酸(100 ml),于開皮前、截骨后、安裝假體后三階段行關(guān)節(jié)腔周圍注射雞尾酒。神經(jīng)阻滯組術(shù)中不注射雞尾酒,術(shù)后股神經(jīng)置管,術(shù)后 24 h 拔出股神經(jīng)置管。兩組患者術(shù)后均靜滴帕瑞昔布鈉(40 mg,2 次 / 天)聯(lián)合口服曲馬多(100 mg,2 次 / 天)加普瑞巴林(75 mg,2 次 / 天),靜滴帕瑞昔布鈉48 h 后,即改為口服塞來昔布(200 mg,2 次 / 天),急性疼痛發(fā)作時(shí)均口服氨酚羥考酮(5 mg / 325 mg)。記錄術(shù)后 72 h 內(nèi)疼痛視覺模擬評分(visual analogue scale,VAS)(1~10 分)、手術(shù)時(shí)間、出院時(shí)膝關(guān)節(jié)活動度、住院時(shí)間等指標(biāo),并運(yùn)用 t 檢驗(yàn)及 χ2檢驗(yàn)統(tǒng)計(jì)分析。結(jié)果 本組 60 例均獲 6 周隨訪,術(shù)后 24 h VAS 評分:雞尾酒組(3.3±1.1)分,小于股神經(jīng)阻滯組的(4.2±1.6)分,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);住院時(shí)間:雞尾酒組(8.0±3.3)天,小于股神經(jīng)阻滯組的(8.6±4.3)天,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);而手術(shù)時(shí)間、關(guān)節(jié)活動度差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。結(jié)論 TKA 應(yīng)用全身麻醉聯(lián)合三階段關(guān)節(jié)腔周圍注射雞尾酒術(shù)后鎮(zhèn)痛效果更佳,平均住院時(shí)間短,手術(shù)時(shí)間并未延長、出院時(shí)關(guān)節(jié)活動度與股神經(jīng)阻滯組相同。
股神經(jīng);自主神經(jīng)傳導(dǎo)阻滯;膝關(guān)節(jié);關(guān)節(jié)成形術(shù),置換,膝;雞尾酒
近些年來,隨著患者對生活質(zhì)量要求不斷提高及關(guān)節(jié)外科醫(yī)生手術(shù)技術(shù)的不斷進(jìn)步,人工全膝關(guān)節(jié)置換術(shù)(total knee arthroplasty,TKA)的數(shù)量正逐年增加。TKA 是治療膝關(guān)節(jié)終末期重度骨關(guān)節(jié)炎的最佳手術(shù)治療方法,并可以迅速緩解疼痛并恢復(fù)患肢功能。但據(jù)相關(guān)報(bào)道,TKA 不滿意率可能高達(dá)20%[1],這其中一部分原因是術(shù)后劇烈的疼痛[2]。關(guān)節(jié)置換劇烈疼痛一般發(fā)生在術(shù)后早期,需行膝關(guān)節(jié)置換的患者最關(guān)心的也是術(shù)后疼痛的問題。更優(yōu)的疼痛控制便會得到更佳的關(guān)節(jié)活動度及功能鍛煉效果。疼痛治療的不足會影響功能恢復(fù)時(shí)間和患者滿意度,延遲康復(fù)的努力,并最終會損害患者的治療效果和功能恢復(fù)[3]。目前,多模式鎮(zhèn)痛包括關(guān)節(jié)腔周圍注射的概念已經(jīng)得到越來越多醫(yī)生的認(rèn)可[4]。相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)結(jié)果證明多模式鎮(zhèn)痛有助于圍術(shù)期疼痛控制、并減少麻醉藥物的需要及相關(guān)的副作用[5]。制訂一個(gè)合理多模式鎮(zhèn)痛方案應(yīng)滿足以下條件:操作簡單有效;適合于大多數(shù)患者;容易被患者接受;花費(fèi)合理;副作用小?;仡櫺苑治?2016 年 2 月至2016 年 6 月,我院收治的 60 例行單側(cè) TKA 的患者,其中 30 例采用全身麻醉聯(lián)合三階段關(guān)節(jié)腔周圍注射雞尾酒局部鎮(zhèn)痛,30 例行股神經(jīng)阻滯麻醉并置管,比較其鎮(zhèn)痛效果的差異,報(bào)告如下。
一、入組與排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn)
1.入組標(biāo)準(zhǔn):(1)符合膝關(guān)節(jié)骨關(guān)節(jié)炎診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn);(2)初次單側(cè) TKA。
2.排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):(1)雙側(cè) TKA;(2)單側(cè) TKA 聯(lián)合其它內(nèi)置物取出術(shù);(3)既往明確過敏或不耐受的鎮(zhèn)痛方案內(nèi)的某一藥物;(4)依賴使用阿片類藥物止痛;(5)肝腎功能不全;(6)類風(fēng)濕關(guān)節(jié)炎等其它炎癥疾?。唬?)膝關(guān)節(jié)感染或可疑感染。
二、一般資料
本組 60 例,其中男 25 例,女 35 例;年齡54~73 歲,平均 63 歲。臨床診斷均為膝關(guān)節(jié)骨性關(guān)節(jié)炎。30 例采用全身麻醉聯(lián)合三階段關(guān)節(jié)腔周圍注射雞尾酒局部鎮(zhèn)痛(雞尾酒組),其中男12 例,女 28 例,平均年齡 63(54~72)歲;30 例行神經(jīng)阻滯麻醉并置管(神經(jīng)阻滯組),其中男13 例,女27 例,平均年齡 64(55~73)歲。
三、手術(shù)操作、圍術(shù)期處理及術(shù)后鎮(zhèn)痛方案
1.手術(shù)方法:兩組患者均由同一醫(yī)師主刀,患者取仰臥位,患肢氣囊止血帶 [ 高于收縮壓100 mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa)],行膝前正中切口、髕旁內(nèi)側(cè)入路,用測量截骨法行股骨、脛骨截骨。髕骨截骨,髕骨周圍行去神經(jīng)化,髕骨厚度>23 mm 時(shí)行髕骨置換,髕骨假體應(yīng)偏內(nèi)側(cè)放置以獲得良好的髕骨軌跡,髕骨軌跡不佳時(shí)行髕骨外側(cè)支持帶松解,直至髕骨軌跡滿意。安裝試模,復(fù)位后力線好,側(cè)向穩(wěn)定,關(guān)節(jié)松緊適宜,屈伸膝關(guān)節(jié),見屈伸間隙適合。脈沖沖洗切口及截骨面,調(diào)和骨水泥,安放脛骨假體、股骨假體、聚乙烯半月板襯墊及髕骨假體,伸直位保持計(jì)時(shí)至15 min。骨水泥固化后測試髕骨運(yùn)行軌跡良好及關(guān)節(jié)屈伸活動度,大量生理鹽水沖洗切口。清點(diǎn)器械敷料無誤,逐層縫合髕內(nèi)側(cè)關(guān)節(jié)囊、腱膜,皮下、皮膚,包扎切口。切口長度變化在12~18 cm,這取決于患者的因素,如皮下脂肪及軟組織張力。術(shù)中切皮前應(yīng)用止血帶(高于收縮壓100 mm Hg),假體安裝完畢后松開。關(guān)節(jié)假體采用美國 Depuy 公司的 P.F.C.Sigma RP 假體及PS150 假體(均為 PS 型假體)。
2.圍術(shù)期處理:術(shù)后 24 h 內(nèi)常規(guī)口服利伐沙班抗凝,抗生素為頭孢曲松鈉或莫西沙星注射液,時(shí)間為 48 h;術(shù)后第1 天即鼓勵(lì)患者行主動直腿抬高鍛煉并扶助行器下床鍛煉(神經(jīng)阻滯組拔除阻滯管后下床);主動活動踝關(guān)節(jié);伸直按壓膝關(guān)節(jié),屈曲困難患者行下肢關(guān)節(jié)功能恢復(fù)器(CPM)鍛煉。
3.多模式鎮(zhèn)痛方案:兩組患者術(shù)前 2 h 均口服曲馬多(100 mg)、塞來昔布(200 mg),肌注昂丹司瓊注射液(4 mg)。術(shù)中均加用靜脈甲潑尼龍(40 mg)。雞尾酒組術(shù)中配制雞尾酒:1% 羅哌卡因(200 mg)、嗎啡(5 mg)、腎上腺素(10 滴,約 0.25 ml)、氨甲環(huán)酸(100 ml)(表1),于開皮前、截骨后、安裝假體后“三階段”行關(guān)節(jié)腔周圍注射雞尾酒。神經(jīng)阻滯組術(shù)中不注射雞尾酒,術(shù)后股神經(jīng)置管,術(shù)后 24 h 即拔除股神經(jīng)置管。術(shù)后均靜滴帕瑞昔布鈉(40 mg,2 次 / 天)聯(lián)合口服曲馬多(100 mg,2 次 /天)加普瑞巴林(75 mg,2 次 / 天),靜滴帕瑞昔布鈉48 h 后,即改為口服塞來昔布(200 mg,2 次 / 天),急性疼痛發(fā)作時(shí)均口服氨酚羥考酮1 片。雞尾酒注射時(shí)間及部位如下,第一階段(開皮前):切口周圍;第二階段(截骨后)(圖1a):后關(guān)節(jié)囊、后內(nèi)側(cè)角、后外側(cè)角、內(nèi)外側(cè)副韌帶及其起止點(diǎn)(圖1b~c);第三階段(安裝假體后):伸膝裝置、鵝足、半膜肌腱、髂脛束、膝關(guān)節(jié)周圍滑膜組織(圖1d)。
圖1 雞尾酒注射“三階段” a:第一階段,切皮前切口周圍;b~c:第二階段,截骨后后關(guān)節(jié)囊和副韌帶止點(diǎn);d:第三階段,安裝假體后膝關(guān)節(jié)周圍滑膜組織Fig.1 3-stage cocktail periarticular injection a: Stage1: around the incision before cutting; b - c: Stage 2: post capsule after osteotomy and the collateral ligaments and origins after osteotomy; d: Stage 3: The synovial tissues after insertion of the liner
四、統(tǒng)計(jì)指標(biāo)
記錄兩組患者性別、年齡、體質(zhì)量指數(shù)(body mass index,BMI)、手術(shù)時(shí)間、術(shù)后 72 h 內(nèi)疼痛視覺模擬評分(visual analogue scale,VAS)(1~10 分)、出院時(shí)膝關(guān)節(jié)活動度、住院日。
五、統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)處理
本研究相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)采用 SPSS17.0 軟件進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析,計(jì)量資料采用±s 表示,組間比較采用配對t 檢驗(yàn),計(jì)數(shù)資料采用 χ2檢驗(yàn),P<0.05 為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
表1 雞尾酒組成成分Tab.1 The dosages of cocktail
本組 60 例全部獲隨訪。隨訪方式為術(shù)后 6 周門診復(fù)查。隨訪期間兩組患者均無非預(yù)期再次手術(shù)。兩組患者性別比例、年齡、BMI 差異均無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。兩組的手術(shù)時(shí)間差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05);術(shù)后第1 天兩組 VAS 評分差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。術(shù)后第 3 天時(shí)兩組疼痛評分差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。兩組患者出院前的關(guān)節(jié)活動度差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。雞尾酒組的住院時(shí)間少于神經(jīng)阻滯組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)(表2)。
表2 兩組患者臨床資料及隨訪結(jié)果比較(±s)Tab.2 Comparison of clinical data and follow-up results between the 2 groups(±s)
表2 兩組患者臨床資料及隨訪結(jié)果比較(±s)Tab.2 Comparison of clinical data and follow-up results between the 2 groups(±s)
項(xiàng)目雞尾酒組神經(jīng)阻滯組P 值年齡(歲) 63.5 ± 8.1 64.7 ± 9.80.63性別(男 / 女,例)12∶2813∶270.64 BMI 27.3 ± 3.6 27.8 ± 4.00.47手術(shù)時(shí)間(min)104.9 ± 4.7107.7 ± 5.10.60 VAS(分)術(shù)后第1 天 3.3 ± 1.1 4.2 ± 1.6 0.001術(shù)后第 3 天 2.92± 1.7 3.09± 1.40.63關(guān)節(jié)活動度(°) 90.5 ±11.8 91.7 ±11.20.78住院時(shí)間(天) 8.0 ± 3.3 8.6 ± 4.30.04
疼痛作為患者圍術(shù)期體驗(yàn)最為直接的一環(huán),影響關(guān)節(jié)功能的康復(fù),會導(dǎo)致患者失眠、應(yīng)激、焦慮、抑郁、降低免疫,這關(guān)乎著是否能早期出院,是快速康復(fù)最為關(guān)鍵的因素[2,6]。
既往研究表明,多模式鎮(zhèn)痛方案可以有效緩解患者術(shù)后疼痛,減少阿片類藥物用量和相關(guān)副作用,有助于術(shù)后患肢功能鍛煉,是 TKA 圍術(shù)期安全、有效的鎮(zhèn)痛方法[4]。TKA 圍術(shù)期采用的多模式鎮(zhèn)痛方案各有不同,但是超前鎮(zhèn)痛作為疼痛管理的重要組成部分,作用不容忽視[7-10]。超前鎮(zhèn)痛定義為所有阻止術(shù)后疼痛的建立和放大的治療措施,以降低整個(gè)圍術(shù)期因手術(shù)切口的有害刺激所導(dǎo)致的中樞和外周的痛敏感狀態(tài)(包含術(shù)前、術(shù)中和術(shù)后的初期)。超前鎮(zhèn)痛的關(guān)鍵不僅在于給藥的時(shí)間,還在于阻斷疼痛發(fā)生、傳導(dǎo)過程中各個(gè)環(huán)節(jié),預(yù)防術(shù)后疼痛感覺敏感化。阿片類、非甾體類抗炎藥、局部麻醉藥、α2 腎上腺素受體激動劑作用機(jī)制不同,聯(lián)合用藥時(shí)可起到協(xié)同作用,故本研究患者術(shù)前 2 h 均口服曲馬多(100 mg)、塞來昔布(200 mg),肌注昂丹司瓊注射液(4 mg),以預(yù)防空腹服藥不良反應(yīng)及麻藥導(dǎo)致的嘔吐。
隨著超聲技術(shù)在麻醉學(xué)中的應(yīng)用,外周神經(jīng)阻滯技術(shù)越來越多地被運(yùn)用于 TKA 術(shù)后的疼痛管理中[11-13]。外周神經(jīng)阻滯在 TKA 中最常用是股神經(jīng)阻滯和坐骨神經(jīng)[14],據(jù)文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道,其止痛效果與連續(xù)硬膜外鎮(zhèn)痛相似,術(shù)后阿片類藥物用量少、并發(fā)癥少等優(yōu)點(diǎn),在 TKA 術(shù)后應(yīng)用比較廣泛,但由于股神經(jīng)阻滯時(shí)效問題,一般術(shù)后予以置管,但是股神經(jīng)阻滯存在一個(gè)最主要的并發(fā)癥是術(shù)后跌倒風(fēng)險(xiǎn),原因是股神經(jīng)阻滯在阻滯感覺神經(jīng)的同時(shí),也造成股四頭肌肌力的下降[15]。本研究中,盡管術(shù)后 24 h 即拔出神經(jīng)置管,拔管后才允許患者下床,神經(jīng)阻滯組有1 例術(shù)后第 2 天去衛(wèi)生間時(shí)發(fā)生跌倒,急診攝片未發(fā)生骨折;再者,神經(jīng)阻滯效果依賴于定位穿刺的準(zhǔn)確性,術(shù)中如果發(fā)現(xiàn)阻滯效果不佳,即加喉罩麻醉。研究表明,在股神經(jīng)聯(lián)合坐骨神經(jīng)阻滯相比于單獨(dú)使用坐骨神經(jīng)或股神經(jīng)阻滯具有更好的鎮(zhèn)痛效果,更少的阿片類藥物用量以及更少的副作用[16]。同時(shí),“雞尾酒”即關(guān)節(jié)腔周圍注射局麻藥物在關(guān)節(jié)置換術(shù)中的優(yōu)越的鎮(zhèn)痛效果及較少的副作用也已成為關(guān)節(jié)外科醫(yī)生常用的鎮(zhèn)痛方案[17-19]。自有關(guān)學(xué)者首次在膝關(guān)節(jié)鏡術(shù)后應(yīng)用關(guān)節(jié)內(nèi)注射嗎啡進(jìn)行鎮(zhèn)痛治療,并取得良好效果以來,關(guān)節(jié)腔周圍注射局麻藥物被越來越多地運(yùn)用于關(guān)節(jié)置換術(shù)。雞尾酒配方在文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道中有很多種[18-19],主要包含嗎啡、羅哌卡因、去甲腎上腺素、類固醇激素等藥物,以減輕手術(shù)后疼痛和局部炎癥。目前并無關(guān)節(jié)腔周圍注射局麻藥、阿片類藥物、非甾體抗炎藥與類固醇激素等的混合物的相關(guān)毒性報(bào)道。本研究雞尾酒成分為1% 羅哌卡因(200 mg)、嗎啡(5 mg)、腎上腺素(10 滴,約 0.25 ml)、氨甲環(huán)酸(100 ml),第一階段(開皮前):切口周圍;第二階段(截骨后):后關(guān)節(jié)囊、后內(nèi)側(cè)角、后外側(cè)角;第三階段(安裝假體后):伸膝裝置、鵝足、半膜肌腱、髂脛束、內(nèi)外側(cè)副韌帶及其起止點(diǎn)、膝關(guān)節(jié)周圍滑膜組織。由于 TKA 局部解剖結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜,術(shù)后患者疼痛原因繁多,筆者的經(jīng)驗(yàn)是分階段、分區(qū)域全程注射雞尾酒已實(shí)現(xiàn)手術(shù)區(qū)域全覆蓋,注射方法細(xì)致化、程序化,以達(dá)到鎮(zhèn)痛效果最大化,以減少手術(shù)操作、注射技術(shù)的影響。如果只是在安裝假體后、關(guān)閉切口前注射,后方關(guān)節(jié)囊、后內(nèi)側(cè)角、后外側(cè)角及副韌帶起止點(diǎn)區(qū)域?qū)o法覆蓋。另外,溶劑氨甲環(huán)酸替代生理鹽水,同時(shí)起到止血的作用[20]。此方法在本組患者中取得了滿意的鎮(zhèn)痛效果,并未發(fā)生腓總神經(jīng)損傷等并發(fā)癥。最近,有研究發(fā)現(xiàn)在雞尾酒中加入激素可以明顯降低患者局部和全身炎性反應(yīng)的同時(shí),明顯減輕 TKA 術(shù)后患者疼痛,加快患者的康復(fù)。添加激素是否可以明顯減輕TKA 患者術(shù)后疼痛及其它不良反應(yīng)仍需更多的研究證實(shí)。硬膜外麻醉因其鎮(zhèn)痛效果明顯,對呼吸及胃腸道蠕動影響小,曾廣泛運(yùn)用于 TKA,但隨著其在臨床的大量運(yùn)用,其并發(fā)癥及麻醉風(fēng)險(xiǎn)等受到關(guān)節(jié)外科醫(yī)生的高度重視。研究表明,硬膜外阻滯可能增加惡心、嘔吐、尿潴留、皮膚瘙癢等并發(fā)癥的發(fā)生,影響術(shù)后功能鍛煉[21]。超聲引導(dǎo)下收肌管阻滯在 TKA 中應(yīng)用可以提供與股神經(jīng)阻滯相似的鎮(zhèn)痛效果,而且對股四頭肌的肌力影響小,不增加患者術(shù)后跌倒的風(fēng)險(xiǎn),從而促進(jìn)患者早期活動和患肢功能恢復(fù)[22]。但仍需要更多的隨機(jī)對照研究去證實(shí),收肌管阻滯可能是未來膝關(guān)節(jié)手術(shù)的麻醉方向。一部分膝關(guān)節(jié)重度骨性關(guān)節(jié)炎患者,術(shù)前往往已經(jīng)口服大量止疼藥物。研究表明,術(shù)前使用阿片類藥物會增加術(shù)后疼痛,降低術(shù)后滿意度[23]。術(shù)前應(yīng)用阿片類藥物、焦慮狀態(tài)和手術(shù)后的急性疼痛關(guān)系密切,故這類患者采用多模式鎮(zhèn)痛方案時(shí),鎮(zhèn)痛效果往往不理想。
綜上所述,TKA 術(shù)中全身麻醉聯(lián)合三階段關(guān)節(jié)腔周圍注射雞尾酒在適應(yīng)證選擇正確,圍術(shù)期處理合理,術(shù)中耐心仔細(xì)操作的前提下,術(shù)后鎮(zhèn)痛效果更佳,平均住院時(shí)間短,手術(shù)時(shí)間并未延長、出院時(shí)關(guān)節(jié)活動度與股神經(jīng)阻滯組相同。但是本研究病例資料尚少,術(shù)后隨訪時(shí)間短,未統(tǒng)計(jì)術(shù)后惡心嘔吐、皮膚瘙癢等麻醉藥物相關(guān)并發(fā)癥的發(fā)生率,其效果和作用均有待于遠(yuǎn)期隨訪觀察。
志謝:本文受到陳繼營教授精心指導(dǎo),特此志謝。
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(本文編輯:王萌)
Controlling pain in total knee arthroplasty: three-stage cocktail periarticular injection verus femoral nerve block
KONG Xiang-peng,REN Peng,NI Ming,LI Xiang,CHEN Ji-ying,CHAI Wei.Department of Orthopaedics,General Hospital of People’s Liberation Army,Beijing,100853,PRC
CHAI Wei,Email: chaiwei301@163.com.
Objective To compare the analgesia effects of 3-stage cocktail periarticular injection verus femoral nerve block in the treatment of total knee arthroplasty(TKA).Methods From February 2016 to June 2016,60 patients who underwent unilateral TKA were enrolled in the study.There were 25 men and 35 women,whose average age was 63 years old(range: 54 - 73 years).All the patients were divided into 2 groups.In cocktail group,30 patients were treated with general anesthesia and 3-stage cocktail periarticular injection.In nerve block group,30 patients were treated with femoral nerve block anesthesia and catheter.There were no statistically significant differences between the 2 groups in the age,sex ratio,body mass index(BMI),operation method and type of knee prosthesis.All the patients in both groups2-test.Results All the patients were followed up and their data were recorded.The VAS scores were(3.3 ±1.1)points and(4.2 ±1.6)points at 24 h after the operation in cocktail group and nerve block group respectively.The differences between them were statistically significant(P < 0.05).The length of hospital stay was(8.0 ± 3.3)days in cocktail group,which was(8.6 ± 4.3)days in nerve block group.The differences between them were statistically significant(P < 0.05).There were no statistically significant differences in operating time and range of motion between the 2 groups.Conclusions General anesthesia combined with 3-stage cocktail periarticular injection can control pain better than femoral nerve block in the treatment of TKA,as well as shorten hospitalization time,achieve satisfactory range of motion after hospital discharge but not prolong operating time
parecoxib sodium(40 mg,twice a day),tramadol(100 mg,twice a day)and pregabalin(75 mg,twice a day).And 48 h later,they
celecoxib(200 mg,twice a day)instead of parecoxib sodium.When acute pain occurred,oxycodone-acetaminophen(5 mg / 325 mg)was given.The visual analogue scale(VAS)scores(1 -10 points),operating time,knee range of motion after hospital discharge and length of hospital stay were recorded within 72 h after the operation.Statistical analysis was conducted by using the t-test and χ
the same medication at 24 h before the operation,including tramadol(100 mg),celecoxib(200 mg)and ondansetron(4 mg).The patients in cocktail group
1% ropivacaine(200 mg),morphine(5 mg),epinephrine(10 drops,about 0.25 ml)and tranexamic acid(100 ml),which were injected into the knee before the operation,after osteotomy and after prosthesis installation.No intraoperative injection of cocktail was noticed during the operation in the patients in nerve block group,who
femoral nerve catheter after the operation.And the femoral nerve catheter was pulled out at 24 h after the operation.After the operation,the patients
Femoral nerve;Autonomic nerve block;Knee joint;Arthroplasty,replacement,knee;Cocktail
10.3969/j.issn.2095-252X.2016.10.008
R687.4
國家自然青年基金(81301564)
100853 北京,解放軍總醫(yī)院骨科
柴偉,Email: chaiwei301@163.com
(2016-08-25)