国产日韩欧美一区二区三区三州_亚洲少妇熟女av_久久久久亚洲av国产精品_波多野结衣网站一区二区_亚洲欧美色片在线91_国产亚洲精品精品国产优播av_日本一区二区三区波多野结衣 _久久国产av不卡

?

右美托咪定在腦出血患者中的應(yīng)用效果觀察

2016-11-08 10:40:28李正明卜向飛金孝東丁漣沭
實(shí)用心腦肺血管病雜志 2016年9期
關(guān)鍵詞:咪達(dá)唑侖咪定美托

劉 驥,李正明,卜向飛,金孝東,蔣 健,丁漣沭

?

·臨床研究·

右美托咪定在腦出血患者中的應(yīng)用效果觀察

劉 驥,李正明,卜向飛,金孝東,蔣 健,丁漣沭

目的觀察右美托咪定在腦出血患者中的應(yīng)用效果。方法選取2014年6月—2015年5月南京醫(yī)科大學(xué)附屬淮安第一醫(yī)院收治的腦出血患者100例,隨機(jī)分為對(duì)照組和觀察組,每組50例。對(duì)照組患者給予咪達(dá)唑侖,觀察組患者給予鹽酸右美托咪定;兩組患者均持續(xù)用藥24 h。比較兩組患者鎮(zhèn)靜效果〔心率(HR)、平均動(dòng)脈壓(MAP)、脈搏血氧飽和度(SpO2)、呼吸頻率(RR)〕、鎮(zhèn)靜滿意時(shí)間、調(diào)整用藥次數(shù)、停藥后喚醒時(shí)間及不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生情況。結(jié)果用藥前兩組患者HR、MAP、SpO2、RR比較,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。用藥后兩組患者HR、MAP、SpO2比較,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05);而觀察組患者RR高于對(duì)照組(P<0.05)。用藥后觀察組患者HR、MAP低于用藥前,SpO2、RR高于用藥前(P<0.05)。用藥后對(duì)照組患者HR、MAP低于用藥前,SpO2高于用藥前(P<0.05);而RR與用藥前比較,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。兩組患者鎮(zhèn)靜滿意時(shí)間比較,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05);觀察組患者調(diào)整用藥次數(shù)少于對(duì)照組,停藥后喚醒時(shí)間短于對(duì)照組(P<0.05)。兩組患者不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生率比較,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05);觀察組患者呼吸抑制率低于對(duì)照組(P<0.05)。結(jié)論右美托咪定在腦出血患者中的應(yīng)用效果較好,起效較快,可安全、穩(wěn)定地發(fā)揮鎮(zhèn)靜作用,且不影響患者意識(shí)。

腦出血;右美托咪定;催眠藥和鎮(zhèn)靜藥

劉驥,李正明,卜向飛,等.右美托咪定在腦出血患者中的應(yīng)用效果觀察[J].實(shí)用心腦肺血管病雜志,2016,24(9):150-152.[www.syxnf.net]

LIU J,LI Z M,BU X F,et al.Application effect of dexmedetomidine in patients with cerebral hemorrhage[J].Practical Journal of Cardiac Cerebral Pneumal and Vascular Disease,2016,24(9):150-152.

腦出血患者易產(chǎn)生焦躁情緒,進(jìn)而導(dǎo)致呼吸、循環(huán)系統(tǒng)不穩(wěn)定,增加機(jī)體耗氧量,誘發(fā)心律失常,影響疾病康復(fù),嚴(yán)重時(shí)還會(huì)造成昏迷、腦癱,甚至危及患者生命安全[1],因此,腦出血患者的鎮(zhèn)定治療十分必要。目前,臨床上應(yīng)用較為廣泛的鎮(zhèn)靜藥為苯二氮卓類藥物,其中以咪達(dá)唑侖為代表,但其具有呼吸抑制作用,會(huì)影響對(duì)患者意識(shí)的判斷,因此臨床應(yīng)用受限[2]。右美托咪定屬α2-腎上腺素受體激動(dòng)劑,具有鎮(zhèn)靜、抗焦慮等作用,同時(shí)還具有良好的抗交感神經(jīng)活性,且對(duì)呼吸系統(tǒng)無抑制作用,不影響患者意識(shí),臨床可控性較好[3]。目前,右美托咪定已廣泛應(yīng)用于圍術(shù)期患者的鎮(zhèn)靜麻醉[3],但關(guān)于其在腦出血患者中應(yīng)用效果的研究報(bào)道較少。本研究以咪達(dá)唑侖為對(duì)照,旨在觀察右美托咪定在腦出血患者中的應(yīng)用效果,現(xiàn)報(bào)道如下。

1 資料與方法

1.1一般資料選取2014年6月—2015年5月南京醫(yī)科大學(xué)附屬淮安第一醫(yī)院收治的腦出血患者100例。納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn):(1)經(jīng)顱腦CT檢查確診為腦出血患者,且顱內(nèi)無遲發(fā)性腦血腫形成;(2)行藥物保守治療,未行手術(shù)。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):(1)對(duì)右美托咪定或咪達(dá)唑侖過敏者;(2)伴有嚴(yán)重中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)疾病者;(3)伴有嚴(yán)重心、肺、肝、腎功能不全者;(4)存在精神障礙者;(5)合并糖尿病或血糖控制不佳者;(6)妊娠期婦女。將所有患者隨機(jī)分為對(duì)照組和觀察組,每組50例。對(duì)照組中男31例、女19例,年齡40~80歲;觀察組中男38例、女12例,年齡36~78歲。兩組患者性別、年齡間具有均衡性。

1.2用藥方法對(duì)照組患者給予咪達(dá)唑侖注射液0.05 mg/kg靜脈泵注,泵注速度為0.03~0.20 mg·kg-1·h-1,調(diào)整咪達(dá)唑侖注射液泵注速度以使Ramsay評(píng)分控制在2~4分。觀察組患者就要鹽酸右美托咪定1 μg/kg,前10 min靜脈推注,之后以微量注射泵持續(xù)泵注,泵注速度為0.20~0.70 μg·kg-1·h-1,調(diào)整鹽酸右美托咪定劑量以使Ramsay評(píng)分控制在2~4分。用藥過程中嚴(yán)密監(jiān)測(cè)兩組患者生命體征并及時(shí)調(diào)整藥物泵注速度,兩組患者均持續(xù)用藥24 h。

1.3觀察指標(biāo)比較兩組患者鎮(zhèn)靜效果〔心率(HR)、平均動(dòng)脈壓(MAP)、脈搏血氧飽和度(SpO2)、呼吸頻率(RR)〕、鎮(zhèn)靜滿意時(shí)間、調(diào)整用藥次數(shù)、停藥后喚醒時(shí)間及不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生情況。

2 結(jié)果

2.1兩組間患者鎮(zhèn)靜效果比較用藥前兩組患者HR、MAP、SpO2、RR比較,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。用藥后兩組患者HR、MAP、SpO2比較,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05);而觀察組患者RR高于對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。用藥后觀察組患者HR、MAP低于用藥前,SpO2、RR高于用藥前,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。用藥后對(duì)照組患者HR、MAP低于用藥前,SpO2高于用藥前,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);而RR與用藥前比較,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05,見表1)。

2.2兩組患者鎮(zhèn)靜滿意時(shí)間、調(diào)整用藥次數(shù)、停藥后喚醒時(shí)間比較兩組患者鎮(zhèn)靜滿意時(shí)間比較,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05);觀察組患者調(diào)整用藥次數(shù)少于對(duì)照組,停藥后喚醒時(shí)間短于對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05,見表2)。

Table 2Comparison of time to satisfactory sedative effect,times of adjusting medication,wake-up time after drug withdrawal between the two groups

組別例數(shù)鎮(zhèn)靜滿意時(shí)間(min)調(diào)整用藥次數(shù)(次)停藥后喚醒時(shí)間(min)對(duì)照組5028.8±3.716.7±4.512.6±3.1觀察組5030.6±2.612.1±3.07.2±2.5t值5.177.648.13P值0.120.01<0.01

2.3兩組患者不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生率比較對(duì)照組患者發(fā)生高血壓9例,低血壓4例,心動(dòng)過緩4例,心動(dòng)過速2例,不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生率為38.0%;觀察組患者發(fā)生高血壓8例,低血壓3例,心動(dòng)過緩2例,心動(dòng)過速3例,不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生率為32.0%。兩組患者不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生率比較,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(χ2=2.13,P>0.05)。對(duì)照組患者發(fā)生呼吸抑制13例,觀察組無一例患者發(fā)生呼吸抑制,觀察組患者呼吸抑制率低于對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(χ2=4.31,P<0.05)。

3 討論

腦出血是指非創(chuàng)傷自發(fā)性顱內(nèi)出血,其病因較多,常見病因?yàn)楦哐獕阂鹦?dòng)脈粥樣硬化而導(dǎo)致顱內(nèi)血管破裂,約95%的腦出血是由高血壓引起的[1]。據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì),腦出血所致死亡占卒中性死亡患者的20%~30%[3],而若腦出血患者在用藥過程中出現(xiàn)焦躁情緒及血壓升高,則可引起腦出血進(jìn)展及血腫進(jìn)一步增大,導(dǎo)致病情惡化,嚴(yán)重時(shí)則導(dǎo)致患者死亡。目前,臨床上常用的鎮(zhèn)靜藥為苯二氮卓類藥物,但其可能會(huì)引發(fā)老年患者認(rèn)知障礙,導(dǎo)致呼吸抑制并影響患者意識(shí),甚至導(dǎo)致短暫性死亡或順行性記憶缺失[2],因此其臨床應(yīng)用受限。尋找更為安全、有效的鎮(zhèn)靜藥物是臨床亟待解決的問題之一。右美托咪定是高度選擇性α2-腎上腺素受體激動(dòng)劑,可作用于藍(lán)斑核內(nèi)α受體,進(jìn)而抑制去甲腎上腺素釋放,發(fā)揮鎮(zhèn)靜、鎮(zhèn)痛、抗焦慮作用,同時(shí)還可幫助患者維持意識(shí)清醒,且無呼吸抑制作用,可誘導(dǎo)患者自然成眠,但患者在受到刺激時(shí)也很容易被喚醒[4]。

本研究結(jié)果顯示,兩組患者鎮(zhèn)靜滿意時(shí)間間無明顯差異,說明兩種藥物鎮(zhèn)靜速度相似,均可在短時(shí)間內(nèi)達(dá)到滿意的鎮(zhèn)靜效果;觀察組患者用藥后RR高于對(duì)照組,且無一例出現(xiàn)呼吸抑制,呼吸抑制發(fā)生率低于對(duì)照組,而對(duì)照組患者則普遍出現(xiàn)呼吸抑制反應(yīng),這在一定程度上會(huì)影響患者預(yù)后;觀察組患者調(diào)整用藥次數(shù)少于對(duì)照組,停藥后喚醒時(shí)間短于對(duì)照組,這有利于減輕醫(yī)護(hù)人員工作量,促使患者平穩(wěn)康復(fù);兩組患者用藥過程中均未出現(xiàn)嚴(yán)重不良反應(yīng),部分患者出現(xiàn)高血壓、低血壓、心動(dòng)過緩、心動(dòng)過速,經(jīng)減少用藥劑量或停藥處理后得以改善。

綜上所述,右美托咪定在腦出血患者中的應(yīng)用效果較好,起效較快,可安全、穩(wěn)定地發(fā)揮鎮(zhèn)靜作用,有利于降低腦出血患者因躁動(dòng)所致意外發(fā)生率,且不影響患者意識(shí),提高患者臨床療效,與咪達(dá)唑侖相比具有較大優(yōu)勢(shì),值得推廣應(yīng)用[5]。

表1 兩組患者鎮(zhèn)靜效果比較±s)

注:HR=心率,MAP=平均動(dòng)脈壓,SpO2=脈搏血氧飽和度,RR=呼吸頻率;與用藥前比較,aP<0.05;1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa

[1]李超,孟凡民.Narcotrend監(jiān)測(cè)下右美托咪定對(duì)冠心病患者麻醉誘導(dǎo)期血流動(dòng)力學(xué)的影響[J].海南醫(yī)學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào),2015,21(2):35-38.

[2]PENG K,JIN X H,LIU S L,et al.Effect of intraoperative dexmedetomidine on post-craniotomy pain[J].Clinical Therapeutics,2015,37(5):1114-1121.

[3]程華.小骨窗微創(chuàng)手術(shù)聯(lián)合中西醫(yī)藥物治療腦出血患者的臨床療效觀察[J].實(shí)用心腦肺血管病雜志,2014,22(6):48-49.

[4]MORACE R,DE ANGELIS M,AGLIALORO E,et al.Sedation with α2agonist dexmedetomidine during unilateral subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation:a preliminary report[J].World Neurosurgery,2016,89(5):322-328.

[5]BARR J,F(xiàn)RASER G L,PUNTILLO K,et al.Clinical practice guidelines for the management of pain,agitation,and delirium in adult patients in the intensive care unit[J].Crit Care Med,2013,41(1):263-306.

(本文編輯:王鳳微)

Application Effect of Dexmedetomidine in Patients with Cerebral Hemorrhage

LIUJi,LIZheng-ming,BUXiang-fei,JINXiao-dong,JIANGJian,DINGLian-shu.

DepartmentofNeurosurgery,theFirstPeople′sHospitalofHuaian,AffiliatedtoNanjingMedicalUniversity,Huaian223300,China

DINGLian-shu,DepartmentofNeurosurgery,theFirstPeople′sHospitalofHuaian,AffiliatedtoNanjingMedicalUniversity,Huaian223300,China;E-mail:Dlshu@163.com

ObjectiveTo observe the application effect of dexmedetomidine in patients with cerebral hemorrhage.MethodsFrom June 2014 to May 2015,a total of 100 patients with cerebral hemorrhage were selected in the First People′s Hospital of Huaian,Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University,and they were randomly divided into control group and observation group,each of 50 cases.Ptients of control group were given midazolam,while patients of observation group were given dexmedetomidine;both groups continuously treated for 24 hours.The sedative effect(HR,MAP,SpO2,RR),time to satisfactory sedative effect,times of adjusting medication,wake-up time after drug withdrawal,and incidence of adverse reactions were compared between the two groups.ResultsNo statistically significant differences of HR,MAP,SpO2,RR was found between the two groups before medication(P>0.05).After medication,no statistically significant differences of HR,MAP,SpO2was found between the two groups(P>0.05),while RR of observation group was statistically significantly higher than that of control group(P<0.05).After medication,HR and MAP of observation group were statistically significantly lower than those before medication,SpO2and RR were statistically significantly higher than those before medication(P<0.05).After medication,HR and MAP of control group were statistically significantly lower than those before medication,SpO2was statistically significantly higher than that before medication(P<0.05);while no statistically significant differences of RR was found before medication and after medication(P>0.05).No statistically significant differences of time to satisfactory sedative effect was found between the two groups(P>0.05).Times of adjusting medication of observation group was statistically significantly less than that of control group,wake-up time after drug withdrawal of observation group was statistically significantly shorter than that of control group(P<0.05).No statistically significant differences of incidence of adverse reactions was found between the two groups(P>0.05).The incidence of respiration inhibition of observation group was statistically significantly lower than that of control group(P<0.05).Conclusion Dexmedetomidine has better application effect in patients with cerebral hemorrhage,with faster initiating effect,can safely and stably achieve the sedative effect without obvious impact on consciousness.

Cerebral hemorrhage;Dexmedetomidine;Hypnotics and sedatives

223300 江蘇省淮安市,南京醫(yī)科大學(xué)附屬淮安第一醫(yī)院神經(jīng)外科

丁漣沭,223300 江蘇省淮安市,南京醫(yī)科大學(xué)附屬淮安第一醫(yī)院神經(jīng)外科;E-mail:Dlshu@163.com

R 722.151

B

10.3969/j.issn.1008-5971.2016.09.046

2016-05-07;

2016-08-19)

猜你喜歡
咪達(dá)唑侖咪定美托
鹽酸多奈呱齊聯(lián)合咪達(dá)唑侖治療老年性癡呆伴睡眠障礙的臨床療效觀察
咪達(dá)唑侖聯(lián)合舒芬太尼無痛清醒鎮(zhèn)靜在CT引導(dǎo)下經(jīng)皮肺穿刺術(shù)中的應(yīng)用
咪達(dá)唑侖治療癲癇持續(xù)狀態(tài)的臨床探析
胺碘酮聯(lián)合美托洛爾治療老年冠心病
右美托咪定的臨床研究進(jìn)展
右美托咪定在重型顱腦損傷中的應(yīng)用研究
右美托咪定聯(lián)合咪唑安定鎮(zhèn)靜在第三磨牙拔除術(shù)中的應(yīng)用
右美托咪定在局麻下活組織檢查中的應(yīng)用
咪達(dá)唑侖滴鼻治療熱性驚厥的療效觀察
吴江市| 西安市| 陵川县| 霍山县| 酉阳| 平湖市| 丰都县| 吐鲁番市| 东明县| 祁连县| 福清市| 神农架林区| 靖宇县| 宿松县| 柘荣县| 麻城市| 双柏县| 德昌县| 凤庆县| 内江市| 大理市| 增城市| 三明市| 股票| 美姑县| 南平市| 五家渠市| 大渡口区| 泰安市| 铜川市| 平谷区| 景德镇市| 隆德县| 洞口县| 志丹县| 台中市| 桃园县| 景宁| 祁阳县| 柳河县| 东光县|