李長(zhǎng)慧,崔光豪,王艷萍
1.長(zhǎng)春中醫(yī)藥大學(xué)附屬醫(yī)院婦科,吉林長(zhǎng)春130021;2.吉林省中醫(yī)藥科學(xué)院第一臨床醫(yī)院骨傷科,吉林長(zhǎng)春130021
當(dāng)歸四逆湯加減治療痛經(jīng)的調(diào)查研究
李長(zhǎng)慧1,崔光豪2,王艷萍1
1.長(zhǎng)春中醫(yī)藥大學(xué)附屬醫(yī)院婦科,吉林長(zhǎng)春130021;2.吉林省中醫(yī)藥科學(xué)院第一臨床醫(yī)院骨傷科,吉林長(zhǎng)春130021
目的調(diào)查研究當(dāng)歸四逆湯加減對(duì)痛經(jīng)的治療作用,為臨床提供科學(xué)依據(jù)。方法選取在2015年2月—2016年2月期間該院收治的166例痛經(jīng)患者作為研究對(duì)象,隨機(jī)分成試驗(yàn)組和對(duì)照組,每組83例。采用調(diào)查問(wèn)卷的方法對(duì)患者進(jìn)行調(diào)查,內(nèi)容包括患者一般資料、痛經(jīng)類(lèi)型、病因及治療效果等等。結(jié)果調(diào)查中的兩組患者經(jīng)不同用藥方案治療后,試驗(yàn)組患者治愈46例,治愈率為55.42%,痛經(jīng)情況有所改善患者33例,起效率為39.76%,總有效率為95.18%;對(duì)照組患者治愈21例,治愈率為25.31%,痛經(jīng)情況有所改善的患者37例,起效率為44.58%,總有效率為69.88%。經(jīng)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析,試驗(yàn)組總有效率明顯高于對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);試驗(yàn)組患者中輕度痛經(jīng)38例,中度痛經(jīng)40例,嚴(yán)重痛經(jīng)5例;對(duì)照組中患者輕度痛經(jīng)36例,中度痛經(jīng)41例,嚴(yán)重痛經(jīng)6例。結(jié)論通過(guò)對(duì)痛經(jīng)患者進(jìn)行調(diào)查可知,根據(jù)患者痛經(jīng)癥狀采取不同中藥治療,有助于改善患者痛經(jīng)情況,使患者免除痛經(jīng)的折磨,臨床療效明顯,值得臨床推廣。
當(dāng)歸四逆湯;加減;痛經(jīng);療效
痛經(jīng),又稱(chēng)經(jīng)痛,為女性的常見(jiàn)婦科病之一,多發(fā)于12~45歲,病因復(fù)雜,反復(fù)性大,治療較慢,患者出現(xiàn)下腹部脹痛、刺痛、墜痛、絞痛、痙攣痛等等,嚴(yán)重影響了生活質(zhì)量,甚至導(dǎo)致不孕不育。中醫(yī)認(rèn)為:“男人以腎為主,女人以血為主。”女性如果氣血調(diào)和,則內(nèi)分泌正常,月經(jīng)期間就不會(huì)發(fā)生痛經(jīng)[1]。當(dāng)歸四逆湯由當(dāng)歸、桂枝、芍藥、細(xì)辛、通草、甘草組成,主治手足厥寒、腰腿疼痛等血虛寒厥證。該院采用當(dāng)歸四逆湯治療女性痛經(jīng)取得了較好的效果,因此筆者對(duì)2015年2月—2016年2月在該院治療的166例痛經(jīng)患者進(jìn)行回顧性分析,現(xiàn)報(bào)道如下。
1.1調(diào)查對(duì)象
選取2015年2月—2016年2月該院收治的痛經(jīng)患者166例作為研究對(duì)象,隨機(jī)分成試驗(yàn)組和對(duì)照組,每組83例。試驗(yàn)組患者年齡14~45歲,平均年齡為29.5歲;病程為2個(gè)月~6年。對(duì)照組患者年齡15~42歲,平均年齡為28.5歲;病程為2個(gè)月~7年。兩組患者在年齡、病情、病程等方面比較差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),故具有可比性。
1.2調(diào)查中醫(yī)師采用的治療方法
1.2.1分型大多數(shù)中醫(yī)研究者認(rèn)為,痛經(jīng)的病因以氣血虧虛為主,按照痛經(jīng)辯證可分為五種類(lèi)型:氣滯血瘀型、寒濕凝滯型、濕熱瘀阻型、氣血虛弱型和肝腎虧損型[2]。
①氣滯血瘀型。經(jīng)前由于情志不暢,引起肝氣郁結(jié),氣機(jī)下沉,造成血瘀、疼痛。經(jīng)前或經(jīng)期出現(xiàn)下腹部脹痛,坐立不寧,經(jīng)期經(jīng)量少,或者經(jīng)行不暢,經(jīng)月顏色黯淡發(fā)紫,有瘀塊;舌頭紫黯,有時(shí)舌邊有瘀斑,或出現(xiàn)弦澀或脈弦。
②寒濕凝滯型。由于經(jīng)前或經(jīng)期受寒或冒雨,或吃寒涼的食物,導(dǎo)致寒濕藏于胞中,血液凝滯,氣失溫化,血行不暢導(dǎo)致痛經(jīng)。臨床癥狀:下腹部墜痛,得熱則減,經(jīng)血顏色黯淡,有血塊,患者面白,四肢發(fā)冷,肢體無(wú)力,舌頭黯淡,舌苔發(fā)白,脈沉。
③濕熱瘀滯型。經(jīng)前小腹脹痛,經(jīng)期疼痛加重,經(jīng)血顏色暗紅,胎黃,脈弦或脈滑。
④氣血兩虛型?;颊咴陆?jīng)提前或錯(cuò)后,經(jīng)量增多或者減少,經(jīng)期延長(zhǎng),經(jīng)血色淡,血稀。下腹部疼痛,伴有頭暈眼花,精神疲憊,面色蒼白或者蠟黃,便溏等癥狀。
⑤肝腎虧損型。經(jīng)期或經(jīng)后下腹部綿綿作痛,并伴有腰骶部酸痛,月經(jīng)量較少,顏色黯淡,血稀,頭暈耳鳴,失眠健忘,潮熱,舌淡紅,舌苔白而薄,脈細(xì)弱。
1.2.2調(diào)查中患者用藥情況對(duì)照組:患者口服痛經(jīng)寶顆粒,早晚各1次,10 g/次(國(guó)藥準(zhǔn)字Z41021972),經(jīng)前1周服用,服用3個(gè)月。試驗(yàn)組:患者根據(jù)中醫(yī)分型采用辨證論治,在當(dāng)歸四逆湯的藥物組成之上加減藥材,達(dá)到對(duì)癥治療的目的,當(dāng)歸四逆湯的組成:當(dāng)歸(12 g),桂枝(9 g),白芍(10 g),細(xì)辛(3 g),通草(6 g),大棗(8枚),甘草(6 g)。如寒濕凝滯型痛經(jīng)采用加烏藥(10 g),小茴香(6 g),香附(10 g)治療;痛經(jīng)伴有乳房脹痛者,加柴胡,枳殼;伴有嘔吐者加半夏;惡心者加吳茱萸;腰膝酸軟者加桑寄生、續(xù)斷;冷痛嚴(yán)重者加艾葉;四肢冰冷者加巴戟天、附子;血塊多者加蒲黃、益母草;便溏者加雞內(nèi)金、木香。經(jīng)前1周服用,1劑/d,服用3個(gè)月。
1.3調(diào)查方法
采用調(diào)查問(wèn)卷的方法對(duì)患者進(jìn)行調(diào)查,內(nèi)容包括患者一般資料(姓名、性別、年齡、住院時(shí)間等)、痛經(jīng)類(lèi)型、病因等等,并向患者說(shuō)明本問(wèn)卷僅用于研究痛經(jīng)類(lèi)型及當(dāng)歸四逆湯對(duì)痛經(jīng)的治療情況,對(duì)所有填寫(xiě)的資料嚴(yán)格保密并只作統(tǒng)計(jì)分析用,患者填完后收回。
1.4療效評(píng)判
①痊愈:治療后患者痛經(jīng)癥狀消失;②有效:治療后患者痛經(jīng)情況好轉(zhuǎn),但是沒(méi)有全完治愈;③無(wú)效:患者治療后痛經(jīng)無(wú)改善,甚至加重,各項(xiàng)指標(biāo)未見(jiàn)正常[3-4]。
1.5統(tǒng)計(jì)方法
采用SPASS 17.0軟件處理數(shù)據(jù),計(jì)數(shù)資料用百分率(%)表示,采用χ2檢驗(yàn),P<0.01為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2.1患者治療情況比較
調(diào)查結(jié)果顯示,醫(yī)師給予兩組患者經(jīng)不同用藥方案治療后,試驗(yàn)組患者治愈46例,治愈率為55.42%,痛經(jīng)情況有所改善患者33例,起效率為39.76%,總有效率為95.18%;對(duì)照組患者治愈21例,治愈率為25.31%,痛經(jīng)情況有所改善的患者37例,起效率為44.58%,總有效率為69.88%。經(jīng)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析,試驗(yàn)組總有效率明顯高于對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.01),結(jié)果見(jiàn)表1。
表1 患者給予不同藥物后治療情況的比較[n(%)]
2.2患者痛經(jīng)類(lèi)型調(diào)查結(jié)果
調(diào)查結(jié)果顯示,對(duì)照組患者中原發(fā)性痛經(jīng)的有67例,繼發(fā)性患者16例;中患者輕度痛經(jīng)36例,中度痛經(jīng)41例,嚴(yán)重痛經(jīng)6例;氣滯血瘀型痛經(jīng)21例,寒濕凝滯型痛經(jīng)42例,濕熱瘀阻型痛經(jīng)10例,氣血虛弱型痛經(jīng)4例,肝腎虧損型痛經(jīng)6例。試驗(yàn)組患者中原發(fā)性痛經(jīng)的有69例,繼發(fā)性患者14例;中輕度痛經(jīng)38例,中度痛經(jīng)40例,嚴(yán)重痛經(jīng)5例;氣滯血瘀型痛經(jīng)19例,寒濕凝滯型痛經(jīng)40例,濕熱瘀阻型痛經(jīng)11例,氣血虛弱型痛經(jīng)6例,肝腎虧損型痛經(jīng)7例。調(diào)查結(jié)果見(jiàn)表2,表3。
表2 兩組患者痛經(jīng)程度比較[n(%)]
表3 兩組患者中醫(yī)分型痛經(jīng)類(lèi)型比較[n(%)]
2.3痛經(jīng)病因調(diào)查結(jié)果
調(diào)查結(jié)果顯示,引起痛經(jīng)的原因主要由子宮頸管狹窄、子宮異位、子宮發(fā)育不良、內(nèi)分泌異常等,有些患者會(huì)由精神、遺傳等因素,經(jīng)期劇烈運(yùn)動(dòng),吃冷飲等導(dǎo)致痛經(jīng),具體結(jié)果見(jiàn)表4。
表4 痛經(jīng)病因調(diào)查結(jié)果[n(%)]
我國(guó)現(xiàn)代醫(yī)學(xué)研究表明,經(jīng)期子宮內(nèi)膜前列腺素含量較高會(huì)引起痛經(jīng),大量的前列腺素可以使子宮興奮,引起子宮強(qiáng)烈收縮,子宮由于缺氧、缺血引起劇痛。中醫(yī)認(rèn)為痛經(jīng)主要由于氣滯血瘀、濕熱蘊(yùn)結(jié)、寒濕凝滯、氣血及肝腎虧虛導(dǎo)致寒凝經(jīng)脈,引起氣血運(yùn)行不暢,產(chǎn)生痛經(jīng)。
當(dāng)歸四逆湯出自《傷寒論》,由當(dāng)歸、桂枝、芍藥、細(xì)辛、通草、甘草、大棗組成,溫經(jīng)散寒,養(yǎng)血通脈。該文調(diào)查中醫(yī)師采用當(dāng)歸四逆湯加減治療痛經(jīng)取得較好的效果,總有效率高達(dá)95.18%,并對(duì)患者痛經(jīng)類(lèi)型及病因進(jìn)行調(diào)查研究。調(diào)查結(jié)果表明,患者痛經(jīng)類(lèi)型有原發(fā)性痛經(jīng)、繼發(fā)性痛經(jīng),主要以原發(fā)性痛經(jīng)較為常見(jiàn)[5];根據(jù)疼痛程度有輕度痛經(jīng),中度痛經(jīng)和嚴(yán)重痛經(jīng),以輕度和中度痛經(jīng)為主,嚴(yán)重痛經(jīng)較為少見(jiàn);根據(jù)中醫(yī)分型,可分為氣滯血瘀型痛經(jīng),寒濕凝滯型痛經(jīng),濕熱瘀阻型痛經(jīng),氣血虛弱型痛經(jīng),肝腎虧損型痛經(jīng)。引起痛經(jīng)的病因主要有子宮頸管狹窄、子宮異位、子宮發(fā)育不良、內(nèi)分泌異常等。中醫(yī)治療痛經(jīng),標(biāo)本兼治,可以對(duì)患者進(jìn)行全身的調(diào)理,副作用少,療效好,值得推廣。
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Investigation of Modification of Danggui Sini Decoction in Treatment of Dysmenorrhea
LI Chang-hui1,CUI Guang-hao2,WANG Yan-ping1
1.Department of Gynaecology,Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Changchun,Jilin Province,130021 China;2.Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology,F(xiàn)irst Clinical Hospital of Jilin Provincial A-cademy of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Changchun,Jilin Province,130021 China
Objective To investigate the effect of modification of danggui sini decoction in treatment of dysmenorrhea and provide scientific basis for the clinic.Methods 186 cases of patients with dysmenorrhea admitted and treated in our hospital from February 2015 to February 2016 were selected as the research objects and randomly divided into two groups with 83 cases in each,the patients were surveyed by the questionnaires,and the contents included the general data,dysmenorrhea type,cause and treatment effect and so on.Results After treatment,in the test group,46 cases were cured,and the cure rate was 55.42%,the dysmenorrhea condition of 33 cases was improved,and the efficacy was 39.76%,and the total effective rate was 95.18%;in the control group,21 cases were cured,and the cure rate was 25.31%,the dysmenorrhea condition of 37 cases was improved,and the efficacy was 44.58%,and the total effective rate was 69.88%,and the statistical analysis showed that the total effective rate in the test group was obviously higher than that in the control group,and the difference was obvious with statistical significance(P<0.05),in the test group,mild-middle dysmenorrhea occurred to 38 cases,middle dysmenorrhea occurred to 40cases,and severe dysmenorrhea occurred to 5 cases;in the control group,mild-middle dysmenorrhea occurred to 36 cases,middle dysmenorrhea occurred to 41 cases,and severe dysmenorrhea occurred to 6 cases.Conclusion The investigation shows that adopting different traditional Chinese medicine treatment according to the dysmenorrhea symptoms contributes to improving the dysmenorrhea condition,and reliving the pains of patients,and the clinical curative effect is obvious,which is worth clinical promotion.
Danggui sini decoction;Modification;Dysmenorrhea;The curative effect
R271.11
A
1672-5654(2016)10(a)-0021-03
10.16659/j.cnki.1672-5654.2016.28.021
李長(zhǎng)慧(1982.1-),女,吉林長(zhǎng)春人,碩士,主治醫(yī)師,研究方向:盆腔炎性疾病、月經(jīng)病、不孕癥。
王艷萍(1974.1-),女,吉林長(zhǎng)春人,博士,副主任醫(yī)師,研究方向:月經(jīng)病、絕經(jīng)前后諸證、子宮內(nèi)膜異位癥、盆腔炎性疾病、宮頸疾病。郵箱:wangyanping1974@163.com。
(2016-07-08)