劉春++李巍岳++陸平

摘 要：我國是滑坡災(zāi)害頻發(fā)的國家，近年來全球變化無常，發(fā)生大型突發(fā)滑坡可能性增加。該研究旨在通過構(gòu)建立體多源傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)，結(jié)合滑坡成災(zāi)模式分析，在反饋的危險(xiǎn)區(qū)域?qū)嵤┛煽氐膹?qiáng)化智能觀測，實(shí)現(xiàn)西部山區(qū)大型滑坡前兆的探測，實(shí)施為滑坡預(yù)警和處治提供高精度的觀測數(shù)據(jù)服務(wù)。理縣地處四川盆地西北部，位于岷江上游，是不穩(wěn)定斜坡的敏感區(qū)，據(jù)四川省地質(zhì)調(diào)查院2007年調(diào)查統(tǒng)計(jì)，全縣有地質(zhì)災(zāi)害點(diǎn)358處，其中滑坡74處、不穩(wěn)定斜坡105處、崩塌65處、泥石流114處。“5.12”特大地震發(fā)生后，理縣境內(nèi)新增大量地質(zhì)災(zāi)害隱患點(diǎn)。因此，該研究將試驗(yàn)區(qū)選在理縣受災(zāi)最嚴(yán)重的西山村及聯(lián)合鄉(xiāng)區(qū)域。 2013年度，該研究進(jìn)行了室內(nèi)構(gòu)架滑坡實(shí)驗(yàn)：在同濟(jì)大學(xué)測量館，搭建室內(nèi)實(shí)驗(yàn)平臺(tái)，開發(fā)遠(yuǎn)程通信數(shù)據(jù)模塊，總結(jié)了各傳感器協(xié)同作業(yè)關(guān)系，分析滑坡致災(zāi)因子，評(píng)估各傳感器針對(duì)不同致災(zāi)因子前兆信息監(jiān)測和智能強(qiáng)化觀測的可用性和適用性；進(jìn)行野外實(shí)驗(yàn)勘察，建立了西山村滑坡監(jiān)測需求分析及傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)組成、安裝系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)；進(jìn)行對(duì)地遙感數(shù)據(jù)觀測研究：進(jìn)行試驗(yàn)區(qū)無人機(jī)飛行、地面基準(zhǔn)布設(shè)及航空拍攝，生產(chǎn)了1∶2 000試驗(yàn)區(qū)高精度DOM；收集了覆蓋試驗(yàn)區(qū)的部分衛(wèi)星高分影像，主要包括的傳感器有P5、WorldView-1，2、ZY-3，并利用WorldView-2兩期數(shù)據(jù)得到西山村滑坡后壁提取結(jié)果；購置地面SAR設(shè)備，對(duì)同濟(jì)大學(xué)圖書館、綜合樓進(jìn)行了位移測試試驗(yàn)；采用兩景TerraSAR-X對(duì)試驗(yàn)區(qū)進(jìn)行了地面沉降監(jiān)測。

關(guān)鍵詞：滑坡 多源傳感器 觀測

Abstract：China has lots of landslide disasters because of global climate changes， and the likelihood of large-scale sudden landslide is increasing in recent years. This project aims to construct three-dimensional and multi-source sensor networks to strengthen the implementation of the western mountains intelligent observation and provide the landslide warning data services combined with the landslide disaster mode analysis. The studied area is located in Lixian， the northwest of Sichuan Basin in the upper reaches of Minjiang River that is unstable slopes sensitive areas. The 2007 Report from Sichuan Provincial Institute of Geological Survey shows there are 358 points of geological disasters， including 74 landslides， 105 unstable slopes， 65 collapses and 114 debris flows. “5.12” earthquake added more disaster points. Therefore， the study select the worst-hit areas： Xishan Village and Lianhe Town. We research group focused on the following three aspects this year： 1.Interior landslide platform tests： build the test platform， develop remote communication mode and summarize the multi-sensors collaboration to evaluate the availability and suitability of each sensors observation； establish Xishan Village landslide monitoring requirements analysis and sensor networks design in field investigations. 2.Study on remote sensing data observation： test UAV flight area， the ground base set and aerial photography， produce the 1：2000 scale DOM images； collect some high resolution satellite-images （P5， WorldView-1，2， ZY-3） and extract the landslide posterior wall in Xishan Village from two WorldView-2 images； purchase ground SAR system and test the displacement on the library and some buildings in Tongji campus.

Key Words：Landslide；Multi-sensors；Observation

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