姜亞芳,司馬赟,黃 婕
(蘇州市吳中人民醫(yī)院檢驗(yàn)科,江蘇 蘇州 215128)
P2Y2受體激動(dòng)劑 2-硫代-UTP及拮抗劑蘇拉明對(duì) Hela細(xì)胞活性影響
姜亞芳,司馬赟,黃 婕
(蘇州市吳中人民醫(yī)院檢驗(yàn)科,江蘇 蘇州 215128)
目的研究 P2Y2受體激動(dòng)劑 2-硫代-UTP及其拮抗劑蘇拉明對(duì) Hela細(xì)胞活性的影響,從而在細(xì)胞水平探究P2Y2受體在人子宮頸癌病理生理過程中的作用。方法應(yīng)用 CCK-8法檢測(cè)不同時(shí)間點(diǎn)各處理組 Hela細(xì)胞的活性;ELISA法分別檢測(cè)細(xì)胞上清液中 TNF-α和 IL-6的水平;qPCR和 Western blot法分別檢測(cè)細(xì)胞 P2Y2mRNA和蛋白的表達(dá)變化。結(jié)果2-硫代-UTP可明顯提高 Hela細(xì)胞的增殖能力。且經(jīng)2-硫代-UTP處理后的細(xì)胞 IL-6的水平明顯增加,P2Y2mRNA和蛋白表達(dá)水平均有所提高;蘇拉明可明顯抑制 Hela細(xì)胞增殖,經(jīng)其處理后的細(xì)胞 TNF-α水平有所提高,P2Y2mRNA和蛋白表達(dá)水平無明顯變化。結(jié)論2-硫代-UTP可通過激活 P2Y2受體的活化細(xì)胞,引起細(xì)胞過表達(dá) P2Y2受體,從而促進(jìn) Hela細(xì)胞增殖。蘇拉明可通過阻斷 P2Y2受體及其下游活動(dòng),抑制Hela細(xì)胞增殖。以上結(jié)果表明,P2Y2受體可能成為治療子宮頸癌等疾病的新靶點(diǎn),這將為探索子宮頸癌新型治療手段等方面提供新思路。
P2Y2受體; 2-硫代-UTP; 蘇拉明; Hela細(xì)胞; 宮頸癌
隨著人們生活節(jié)奏加快,子宮頸癌(cervical cancer)在中國(guó)女性群體中的發(fā)病率逐漸上升,已成為常見的婦科疾病之一,其發(fā)病率和死亡率已占世界的三分之一左右[1]。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),子宮頸癌與HPV感染、p53和 Rb失活、端粒酶激活、抑癌基因表達(dá)失常、癌基因激活和炎性細(xì)胞因子等密切相關(guān),是多基因改變,多步驟發(fā)生的一類全身性疾病,其發(fā)病機(jī)制尚未完全明確[2-4]。P2Y2受體是 G蛋白偶聯(lián)受體家族的典型代表,廣泛分布于正常組織中且具有組織特異性[5]。研究證明,P2Y2受體在多種癌癥患者組織及細(xì)胞中均有表達(dá),其中 Kyse-140食管癌細(xì)胞系、T47-D乳腺癌細(xì)胞系及Hela子宮頸癌細(xì)胞系等均可特異性表達(dá)P2Y2受體[6-7],結(jié)合 P2Y2受體其在介導(dǎo)癌細(xì)胞的增殖,分化和轉(zhuǎn)移等方面發(fā)揮重要作用,提示P2Y2受體可能參與子宮頸癌病理生理過程。2-硫代-UTP是 P2Y2受體的特異性激動(dòng)劑,其可通過活化 P2Y2受體激活下游信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)系統(tǒng),P2Y2受體活化后也可與其他受體相互作用,從而影響其自身與 G蛋白發(fā)生偶聯(lián)的能力[8-9]。P2Y2受體拮抗劑蘇拉明可有效阻斷 P2Y2受體功能及其下游活動(dòng),進(jìn)而抑制P2Y2受體介導(dǎo)的生物學(xué)效應(yīng)[10]。本研究通過特異性拮抗劑和激動(dòng)劑處理 Hela細(xì)胞,在細(xì)胞水平上探究 P2Y2受體在 Hela細(xì)胞增殖過程中的作用,在研究子宮頸癌新型治療靶點(diǎn)和手段等方面具有重要意義。
1 實(shí)驗(yàn)材料
人宮頸癌細(xì)胞(Hela細(xì)胞,KCB 86019YJ)由中國(guó)科學(xué) 院昆明 細(xì)胞 庫(kù)提供。DMEM培養(yǎng) 基 由HyClone公司提供,小牛血清由四季青生物工程材料有限公司提供,2-硫代-UTP和蘇拉明由索萊寶生物科技有限公司提供,TNF-α和 IL-6檢測(cè)試劑盒由博士德生物工程有限公司提供,CCK-8細(xì)胞活性檢測(cè)試劑盒由天根生化科技有限公司提供,山羊抗兔P2Y2多克隆抗體由Abcam公司提供,GAPDH單克隆抗體由北京中杉金橋生物技術(shù)有限公司提供,qPCR試劑盒由 TakaRa公司提供,總 RNA提取試劑盒及逆轉(zhuǎn)錄試劑盒由北京全式金生物技術(shù)有限公司提供。
2 實(shí)驗(yàn)分組
細(xì)胞所用培養(yǎng)基為DMEM完全培養(yǎng)基(含10%小牛血清和 1%青鏈霉素混合液),實(shí)驗(yàn)分為 3組,即:正常對(duì)照組、2-硫代-UTP處理組(50μmol/L)和蘇拉明(100μmol/L)處理組,所用藥物均用 DMEM基礎(chǔ)培養(yǎng)基稀釋,所用細(xì)胞均控制在30代以內(nèi)。
3 CCK-8法檢測(cè)細(xì)胞活性
按照實(shí)驗(yàn)所設(shè)分組,用96孔板接種細(xì)胞,密度約為1×104/mL,每孔100μL,每組設(shè)置5個(gè)復(fù)孔,共接種3塊孔板。細(xì)胞貼壁后行藥物干擾,每間隔6h進(jìn)行一次細(xì)胞活性檢測(cè),檢測(cè)8次,共48h。CCK-8儲(chǔ)存液按1:10的比例DMEM基礎(chǔ)培養(yǎng)基稀釋,細(xì)胞處理后更換 CCK-8稀釋液,每孔 100μL,于 37℃培養(yǎng)箱(5%CO2)孵育2h,450nm檢測(cè)每孔的吸光度,以吸光度大小表示各組細(xì)胞活性,繪制細(xì)胞生長(zhǎng)曲線。
4 細(xì)胞上清液中TNF-α和IL-6含量檢測(cè)
結(jié)合細(xì)胞活性檢測(cè)結(jié)果,取第24h時(shí)間點(diǎn)各組細(xì)胞上清液進(jìn)行分析,所用方法為 ELISA雙抗夾心法。吸取細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)液后,經(jīng)4℃,1000r/min離心1min后取上清備用。按說明書所設(shè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)品濃度用樣品稀釋液稀釋標(biāo)準(zhǔn)品,檢測(cè)樣本不作稀釋。后續(xù)步驟均按說明書進(jìn)行,實(shí)驗(yàn)重復(fù)3次,結(jié)果使用多功能酶標(biāo)儀在450nm波長(zhǎng)讀取。每次實(shí)驗(yàn)均繪制標(biāo)準(zhǔn)曲線,根據(jù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)曲線計(jì)算樣品中 TNF-α或 IL-6水平。
5 實(shí)時(shí)熒光定量PCR法檢測(cè)P2Y2受體mRNA表達(dá)
根據(jù)細(xì)胞生長(zhǎng)曲線,提取第 24h時(shí)間點(diǎn)各組細(xì)胞的總RNA,經(jīng)逆轉(zhuǎn)錄試劑盒于37℃恒溫水浴1h逆轉(zhuǎn)錄成 cDNA。實(shí)時(shí)熒光定量 PCR(quantitative real-time PCR,qPCR)所用儀器為ABI 7500 FAST,所用方法為 SYBR?Green熒光染料法。P2Y2上下游引物分別為:5′-GCTCCAATCTTGTCACCGAG-3′和5′-CTCGGCGCACTGTGAGGATC-3′,產(chǎn)物 長(zhǎng)度為203bp;內(nèi) 參 GAPDH上下 游 引 物 分別 為:5′-AGCTACCACGCCTAGTAGCGCAC-3′和5′-GTGTGT GATCAAGAACGTGTAGGCT-3,產(chǎn)物為151bp。所用PCR擴(kuò)增程序?yàn)椋?4℃30s預(yù)變性,94℃ 5s變性和60℃30s退火,共40個(gè)循環(huán);溶解曲線程序?yàn)椋?5℃15s,60℃ 1min,95℃ 30s,60℃ 15s。各組細(xì)胞mRNA相對(duì)表達(dá)量計(jì)算方法為 2-ΔΔCT法,將對(duì)照組標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化為1,以相對(duì)值(relative quality,RQ)表示P2Y2mRNA的相對(duì)表達(dá)量。
6Western blot法檢測(cè)細(xì)胞EMAPII及CXCR3蛋白表達(dá)
取第24h時(shí)間點(diǎn)細(xì)胞,經(jīng) RIPA裂解液裂解后,提取細(xì)胞總蛋白。行 SDS-PAGE凝膠電泳分離蛋白,轉(zhuǎn)膜、封閉后分別孵育一抗,4℃孵育過夜。P2Y2羊抗兔多克隆抗體稀釋比例為1∶1000;GAPDH單克隆抗體稀釋比例為1∶500。次日,經(jīng)洗膜后分別孵育二抗,比例為1∶2000,常溫孵育1h,再經(jīng)洗膜后通過凝膠成像儀曝光顯影,結(jié)果采用Image-Pro Plus 6.0分析軟件分析。
7 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)處理
實(shí)驗(yàn)中所有數(shù)據(jù)采用SPSS 21.0分析軟件進(jìn)行處理,所有數(shù)據(jù)用“均數(shù)±標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差”表示。計(jì)量資料用單因素方差分析,組間兩兩比較采用 LSD-t檢驗(yàn),以 P<0.05表示有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異。
1 細(xì)胞活性檢測(cè)結(jié)果與生長(zhǎng)曲線
各處理組細(xì)胞8個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)的活性檢測(cè)結(jié)果如表1所示,根據(jù)表1繪制細(xì)胞生長(zhǎng)曲線(見圖1)。結(jié)果顯示,2-硫代-UTP處理組細(xì)胞較對(duì)照組生長(zhǎng)速率明顯加快,以第24h時(shí)間點(diǎn)生長(zhǎng)速率出現(xiàn)最大值,且達(dá)到平臺(tái)期所用時(shí)間也有所縮短。蘇拉明處理組細(xì)胞生長(zhǎng)速率均顯著低于對(duì)照組和2-硫代-UTP處理組,且未出現(xiàn)細(xì)胞接觸抑制現(xiàn)象。
表1 各時(shí)間點(diǎn)細(xì)胞活性檢測(cè)結(jié)果(±s)
表1 各時(shí)間點(diǎn)細(xì)胞活性檢測(cè)結(jié)果(±s)
時(shí)間點(diǎn) 樣本數(shù) 對(duì)照組 2-硫代-UTP 處理組 蘇拉明處理組6h 5 0.144±0.02 0.203±0.03 0.123±0.02 12h 5 0.288±0.04 0.435±0.04 0.224±0.03 18h 5 0.504±0.04 0.756±0.06 0.356±0.03 24h 5 0.821±0.06 1.024±0.09 0.625±0.07 30h 5 1.038±0.11 1.229±0.11 0.763±0.06 36h 5 1.181±0.10 1.337±0.13 0.831±0.10 42h 5 1.238±0.12 1.415±0.11 0.875±0.09 48h 5 1.258±0.11 1.442±0.12 0.894±0.11
2 各組細(xì)胞TNF-α和IL-6含量變化
取第24h時(shí)間點(diǎn)細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)液,根據(jù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)曲線計(jì)算細(xì)胞上清液中 TNF-α和 IL-6水平,結(jié)果如表2所示,組間差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。組間比較結(jié)果顯示,與對(duì)照組相比,2-硫代-UTP處理組細(xì)胞的 IL-6水平顯著提高(P<0.01),而 TNF-α水平無明顯變化(P>0.05);與之相反,蘇拉明處理組細(xì)胞的TNF-α水平均較對(duì)照組和2-硫代-UTP處理組有所上升(P<0.01),而 IL-6水平無明顯變化(P>0.05)。
表2 各組細(xì)胞 TNF-α和 IL-6檢測(cè)結(jié)果(±s)
表2 各組細(xì)胞 TNF-α和 IL-6檢測(cè)結(jié)果(±s)
注:與對(duì)照組相比,**P<0.01
組別 樣本數(shù) TNF-α(pg/mL)IL-6(pg/mL)3 45.67±7.52 22.57±5.83 2-硫代-UTP處理組 3 49.89±6.57 79.25±9.34**蘇拉明處理組 3 115.29±11.65**26.09±4.75 F2,6值 46.268 37.864 P值對(duì)照組<0.001 <0.001
3 蘇拉明和2-硫代-UTP對(duì)Hela細(xì)胞P2Y2mRNA表達(dá)的影響
將對(duì)照組標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化為1,使用 2-ΔΔCT法分析qPCR數(shù)據(jù)。結(jié)果顯示,第24h時(shí)間點(diǎn)的各處理組細(xì)胞P2Y2mRNA的相對(duì)表達(dá)量分別為:2.56±0.16,1.20±0.14,方差分析比較有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(F2,12=44.237,P<0.001);組間比較顯示,2-硫代-UTP處理組細(xì)胞P2Y2mRNA表達(dá)均較對(duì)照組和蘇拉明處理組有所升高(P<0.01),而蘇拉明處理組與之相比無顯著變化(P>0.05)。
4 蘇拉明和2-硫代-UTP對(duì)Hela細(xì)胞P2Y2受體蛋白表達(dá)的影響
SDS-PAGE電泳條帶典型圖如圖 2A所示。Western blot結(jié)果分析顯示,第 24h時(shí)間點(diǎn)的各處理組細(xì)胞 P2Y2蛋白相對(duì)表達(dá)量分別為:0.45±0.07,0.83±0.09和0.50±0.07,組間差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(F2,12=37.264,P <0.001);進(jìn)一步分析顯示,與對(duì)照組相比,2-硫代-UTP處理組細(xì)胞P2Y2蛋白表達(dá)明顯升高(P<0.01),而蘇拉明處理組與對(duì)照組無明顯差異(P>0.05,見圖2B)。
子宮頸癌是女性群體高發(fā)腫瘤疾病之一,僅次于乳腺癌,位列女性惡性腫瘤的第二位。中國(guó)是子宮頸癌高危大國(guó),近年來其發(fā)病率和死亡率呈逐年上升趨勢(shì)[1]。目前,子宮頸癌發(fā)病機(jī)制尚未完全闡明,探索新型有效的治療靶點(diǎn)對(duì)防治子宮頸癌等疾病具有重要意義。P2Y受體家族是一類具有七次跨膜結(jié)構(gòu)的G蛋白偶聯(lián)受體,目前已從哺乳動(dòng)物細(xì)胞中成功克隆出8種功能性 P2Y受體亞型,I類受體包括P2Y1、P2Y2、P2Y、P2Y、P2Y,II類受體包括 P2Y~P2Y[11-12]。
46111214近年來研究發(fā)現(xiàn),P2Y受體家族尤其是P2Y2受體,在多種癌癥組織和細(xì)胞中均有表達(dá),并在癌細(xì)胞的增殖,分化和轉(zhuǎn)移等活動(dòng)中扮演重要角色[13-14]。根據(jù)不同時(shí)間點(diǎn)的細(xì)胞活性檢測(cè)結(jié)果繪制各處理組細(xì)胞生長(zhǎng)曲線,從中可以看出,正常生長(zhǎng)的 Hela細(xì)胞生長(zhǎng)曲線呈典型的“S”狀,而2-硫代-UTP處理組細(xì)胞指數(shù)生長(zhǎng)期的斜率大于對(duì)照組,且其到達(dá)平臺(tái)期所用的時(shí)間明顯比對(duì)照組縮短,即2-硫代-UTP可通過激活 P2Y2受體功能促進(jìn)Hela細(xì)胞增殖。與之相反,經(jīng)蘇拉明處理后的細(xì)胞生長(zhǎng)速率明顯減慢,且細(xì)胞未達(dá)到接觸抑制時(shí)即出現(xiàn)平臺(tái)期,表明蘇拉明通過阻斷P2Y2受體功能可抑制了Hela細(xì)胞活性。
研究發(fā)現(xiàn),P2Y受體激活后可進(jìn)一步活化不同的G蛋白,進(jìn)而引發(fā)復(fù)雜的信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)途徑[15]。P2Y2受體可通過激活 Gq/11或 Gi/o等類型的 G蛋白,激活PLC途徑,介導(dǎo)胞內(nèi) Ca2+和炎性介質(zhì)釋放,進(jìn)而激活下游NF-κB轉(zhuǎn)錄因子及CaMKII,最終產(chǎn)生促增殖效應(yīng)或介導(dǎo)細(xì)胞凋亡[16]。也有研究認(rèn)為,2-硫代-UTP可通過P2Y2受體引起 APE1/Ref-1活化,或?qū)е率荏w本身過表達(dá)[17]。從細(xì)胞生長(zhǎng)曲線可看出,各處理組細(xì)胞均在第24h時(shí)間點(diǎn)生長(zhǎng)速率達(dá)到最大值,因此我們選擇檢測(cè)第 24h時(shí)間點(diǎn)各組細(xì)胞 P2Y2受體表達(dá)情況。我們通過 qPCR和 Western blot實(shí)驗(yàn)確定了在Hela細(xì)胞中可表達(dá) P2Y2受體,且經(jīng) 2-硫代-UTP處理后的細(xì)胞中P2Y2受體 mRNA和蛋白表達(dá)均明顯增加,表明 2-硫代-UTP在激活P2Y2受體功能的同時(shí)也可上調(diào)其受體本身的表達(dá),而蘇拉明處理組中以上指標(biāo)均無顯著變化。
ELISA結(jié)果顯示,經(jīng)2-硫代-UTP處理后的細(xì)胞IL-6水平明顯升高,蘇拉明處理組細(xì)胞也觀察到了TNF-α釋放量的增加。結(jié)合 IL-6與細(xì)胞活化和增殖相關(guān),尤其是其可作為生長(zhǎng)因子刺激腫瘤細(xì)胞,特別是骨髓瘤細(xì)胞的增殖和遷移以及 TNF-α能顯著殺傷腫瘤細(xì)胞活性[18-19]等研究背景,推斷 P2Y2受體對(duì)Hela細(xì)胞活性的影響可能與其介導(dǎo) IL-6或 TNF-α等炎性介質(zhì)相關(guān)。
綜上所述,本研究發(fā)現(xiàn)P2Y2受體功能激活能促進(jìn)Hela細(xì)胞增殖,阻斷其受體功能可顯著抑制 Hela細(xì)胞活性。這將為研究新型有效的抑癌靶點(diǎn)及探索子宮頸癌潛在的治療手段等方面提供科學(xué)依據(jù)。
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(潘子昂編輯)
Effects of P2Y2Receptor Agonist 2-thio-UTP and Antagonist Suramin on the Activity of Hela Cells
JIANG Ya-fang,SIMA Yun,HUANG Jie
(Department of Clinical Laboratory,Wuzhong People′s Hospital,Suzhou,215128,China)
ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of P2Y2receptor agonist 2-thio-UTP and antagonist suramin on the activity of in human epithelial adenocarcinoma cell line(HeLa)and to explore the role of P2Y2receptor in the pathological and physiological processes of cervical cancer in the cell level.MethodsCell counting kit-8(CCK-8)assay was used to detect the activity of Hela cells in different time points;ELISA method was used to detect the content of TNF-α and IL-6 in the supernatants of cell;qPCR and Western blot method were used to detect the expression of P2Y2mRNA and protein,respectively.Results2-thio-UTP can significantly improve the proliferation of Hela cells.The content of IL-6 in the supernatants of cell increased significantly after 2-thio-UTP treatment.The expression of P2Y2mRNA and protein were also increased.Suramincan significantly inhibit the proliferation of Hela cells,and the content of TNF-α was increased.However,the expression of P2Y2mRNA and protein did not change significantly.Conclusion2-thio-UTP can activate Helacells via P2Y2receptor,and up-regulate the expression of P2Y2receptors.As a result,it promotes the proliferation of Hela cells.Suramin could inhibit the proliferation of Hela cells by blocking the P2Y2receptor and its downstream activities.These results suggested that P2Y2receptor might be a new target for the treatment of cervical cancer and other diseases.The study provides a new idea for the exploration of new therapeutic methods for cervical cancer.
P2Y2receptor; 2-thio-UTP; Suramin; Hela cell; Cervical cancer
10.11748/bjmy.issn.1006-1703.2016.12.007
2016-07-21;
2016-08-12