文Lidija Obradovic/譯 劉暢

新絲綢之路上的塞爾維亞
—— 如何更好地與中國合作

Serbia on the New Silk Road——Doing Business Successfully with China

文Lidija Obradovic/譯 劉暢

“新絲綢之路上的塞爾維亞——如何更好地與中國合作”商貿(mào)論壇于1月18日在塞爾維亞首都貝爾格萊德舉行，旨在為以下關(guān)鍵問題提供有用的信息和解決方案：“一帶一路”倡議的內(nèi)容；“一帶一路”如何在歐洲東南部地區(qū)實施、該倡議與“16+1”合作計劃的適應(yīng)度；以及如何建立和完善塞爾維亞、相關(guān)地區(qū)與中國公司間的商貿(mào)合作。

“新絲綢之路上的塞爾維亞——如何更好地與中國合作”商貿(mào)論壇與會嘉賓人數(shù)眾多，也受到了媒體和大眾的熱切關(guān)注。塞爾維亞政要、外交官及商業(yè)代表均出席會議，其中包括塞爾維亞副總理Zorana Mihajlovic、中國駐塞爾維亞大使李滿長、塞爾維亞國家銀行副行長Veselin Pjescic等。

Serbian magazine NIN (Ringier Axel Springer) and Serbian Chamber of Commerce organized a business conference held on January 18th in Belgrade, Serbia. The goal of the conference was to provide as much useful information and answers as possible to key questions∶ What does the “New Silk Road and Belt” initiative include, how will it be implemented in the Southeast European region –its compatibility with the 16+1 process, and how to establish and improve business cooperation between companies in Serbia, the region and in China.

Business forum “Serbia on the New Silk Road - Successfully Doing Business with China” was exceptionally well attended, with much media and public attention. High ranking Serbian politicians, diplomats and business representatives were present on the podium, among them Zorana Mihajlovic, deputy Prime Minister of Government of Serbia, Li Manchang, Ambassador of People’s Republic of China in the Republic of Serbia, Veselin Pjescic, deputy governor of the National Bank of Serbia and other distinguished guests.

“如果中國打噴嚏，德國將患上流感?！闭搲潦?，塞爾維亞商會會長Marko Cadez如是說，描述了中國經(jīng)濟及金融市場在整個世界經(jīng)濟，特別是在歐洲的影響。他表示，當(dāng)?shù)氐纳倘藨?yīng)該認(rèn)識到中國經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展會對塞爾維亞和整個地區(qū)產(chǎn)生影響，特別是最近某調(diào)查機構(gòu)關(guān)于風(fēng)險保險的調(diào)查顯示，過去的30年間，商界沒有在市場上經(jīng)歷過比這更大的挑戰(zhàn)了。

塞爾維亞國家銀行副行長Veselin Pjescic提到，去年年底和今年年初的情況尤為值得注目。一方面是因為美聯(lián)儲決定提高利率，另一方面則是由于金融市場的動蕩，這正是當(dāng)前世界面臨的挑戰(zhàn)。“經(jīng)濟界的視線都聚焦于中國股市的發(fā)展，也有許多人懷疑是否真的存在貨幣戰(zhàn)爭，以及中國經(jīng)濟增長放緩是否會影響到世界其他國家?！盤jescic說道，因為中國人民幣從2005年到2015年上漲了50%。“現(xiàn)在形勢有所變化，中國央行參考一籃子貨幣，而不是像過去一樣用美元衡量人民幣的價格。中國經(jīng)濟的增長模式已經(jīng)改變，不再依靠出口，而是內(nèi)銷。”塞爾維亞國家銀行副行長如是說。

世界金融市場的動蕩也是塞爾維亞副總理兼建設(shè)、交通和基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施部部長Zorana Mihajlovic的發(fā)言主題。她認(rèn)為在這種情況下世界各國應(yīng)該加強與友好邦國的雙邊關(guān)系，同樣中國和塞爾維亞之間也應(yīng)如此。目前中塞兩國的關(guān)系正處于自建交以來的最佳時期，兩國正在實施或正在協(xié)商的基礎(chǔ)建設(shè)項目總額達(dá)35億歐元。下個月，塞爾維亞將與中國共同商定從貝爾格萊德到布達(dá)佩斯的鐵路項目的出資方案，以及11號走廊——連接貝爾格萊德及鄰國黑山共和國的公路其中兩部分的建造工作。她也提到，中塞兩國已有超過50年良好的政治經(jīng)濟傳統(tǒng)友誼，并在過去的7年時間里取得了飛速發(fā)展，特別是從2009年建立戰(zhàn)略伙伴關(guān)系以來。Zorana Mihajlovic表示，“塞爾維亞地處新絲綢之路的南端，愿能繼續(xù)深化與中國的友好關(guān)系，不僅局限于已達(dá)成投資項目的實施，還包括爭取簽署新的合約，以引領(lǐng)整個區(qū)域的發(fā)展。我們計劃在接下來的兩個月中討論更多項目?！彼蔡岬街袊鴽Q定在未來幾年向中東歐國家投資160億歐元。

“If China has the sniffles, Germany will get a serious flu”, these were the words of Marko Cadez, President of the Serbian Chamber of Commerce, used to try to depict the impact of the Chinese economy and its fnancial market in the entire world economy, and particularly the development in Europe, at the beginning of this highly visited Forum. He said that the local businessmen should not believe that the developments in the Chinese economy will not refect on Serbia and the region, especially since recent polls by Alliance for risks insurance, in 2016 shows that businessmen have not seen greater challenges in the market for last 30 years.

Veselin Pjescic, Vice Governor of the National Bank of Serbia, reminded that the end of last and the beginning of the year was marked, apart from the decision of the US Fed to increase interest rates, also by the fuctuations in the fnancial markets and that these are the challenges that the world currently faces. “All eyes of the economic public are aimed at developments in the Chinese stock markets, and many wonder whether there is, effectively a currency war and how the slowdown in economic growth in China could affect the rest of the world.” said Pjescic with the explanation that the Chinese Yuan rose by as much as 50 percent, from 2005 to 2015. “The situation has now changed, as the Chinese central bank decided to measure the value of the Yuan against a basket of currencies rather than the dollar, like it did before. The model for growth of the Chinese economy has changed, because it is no longer based on exports, but rather on the domestic consumption. “ said Vice Governor of the National Bank of Serbia.

The turbulent events in the world financial markets, was also the topic for Zorana Mihajlovic,Deputy Prime Minister of the Republic of Serbia and the minister of construction, traffic and infrastructure, with the statement that in such times all countries should “l(fā)ook to strengthen their bilateral relations with friends, and same goes for relations between Serbia and China “. Relations between China and Serbia have been at its best since diplomatic cooperation has been established, and the value of infrastructure projects that are being implemented or negotiated between China in Serbia amounts to about 3.5 billion Euros, said the deputy prime minister. Serbia could in the next month, settle a project for fnancing the railway from Belgrade to Budapest, with China, as well as the construction of two sections of Corridor 11, a highway that connects Belgrade with the neighboring country of Montenegro, Zorana Mihajlovic announced. She added that Serbia and China have traditionally good political and economic relations for over 50 years, but they have increased in the last seven years, more precisely since 2009 when the two countries signed the Intergovernmental Agreement on strategic cooperation. “Serbia is on the southern end of the new Silk Road and wants to continue deepening good relations with China, not only through the implementation of already agreed investments, but also with new contracting, in order to be a leader in the region. We plan to discuss more projects in the next two months.“ Zorana Mihajlovic announces, recalling the decision of China to invest 16 billion Euros in the countries of central and Eastern Europe over the next several years.

“Serbian Chamber of Commerce intends to help Serbian companies not only by participating in the construction of such projects between Serbia and Chi-na, but also by working on helping local economy to establish presence on the Chinese market, not only in the placement of goods, but by entering into joint operations and arranging investments between Serbian and Chinese companies.” President of Serbian Chamber said. He expects Serbia to be the gateway for Chinese entrance in Europe, stating that there are industrial sectors such as food, chemical or automobile industry, where joint ventures between Chinese and Serbian economy could be implemented.

“塞爾維亞商會不僅計劃幫助塞爾維亞公司參與到中塞兩國的項目建設(shè)中來，還要促進(jìn)當(dāng)?shù)亟?jīng)濟參與到中國市場中來；不僅僅通過貨物的配置，還要進(jìn)行兩國公司間的聯(lián)合經(jīng)營、投資管理?！比麪柧S亞商會會長表示。他希望塞爾維亞成為中國進(jìn)入歐洲的門戶，兩國可以在食品、化學(xué)及汽車等諸多領(lǐng)域建立合資公司。

除了已實施的戰(zhàn)略合作，比如河北鋼鐵集團(tuán)并購斯梅代雷沃鋼鐵廠，中國駐塞爾維亞大使李滿長也展望了未來的合作計劃。他表示今年最重要的任務(wù)是達(dá)成有關(guān)工業(yè)園的協(xié)議。這項計劃旨在將高科技集中到園區(qū)，因為塞爾維亞有“卓越的勞動力、學(xué)生、制度及大學(xué)”。李大使強調(diào)，盡管中國去年的經(jīng)濟增速有所下降，預(yù)計GDP增長不會超過7%，但是中國仍將繼續(xù)深化與塞爾維亞的經(jīng)濟合作，希望就更多的新項目、新投資進(jìn)行協(xié)商。他在會上稱:“對于中國而言，光有塞爾維亞的市場還不夠，我們的目的是與塞爾維亞攜手進(jìn)入更多市場?！?/p>

“從2012年中國政府及經(jīng)濟代表與中東歐16國的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人及商業(yè)人士的第一次會面，到去年在北京的交流，每年的會見帶來了越來越多的合作與規(guī)劃，最突出的則是基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施項目的建設(shè)?！笔讓弥袊袞|歐峰會塞爾維亞協(xié)調(diào)員Zarko Obradovic表示。他指出，雖然中國國力是中東歐16國總和的7倍，人口也是其11倍，中國已經(jīng)展示出與這一地區(qū)開展親密合作的愿望與能力。

談到自己25年來與中國公司的合作以及中國經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展，采礦、管理和戰(zhàn)略營銷專家Wilhelm Schober表示，中國市場非常具有競爭力，在這里獲得成功的人，在世界各地也能夠成功。Schober博士曾榮獲2014年中國政府“友誼獎”?！爸袊菈K試金石，在中國取得成功的企業(yè)，同樣可以在世界其他地方取得成功。在中國取得成功的關(guān)鍵是了解其文化。我們有很大的不同，做事方式存在差異，但我們?nèi)钥梢院献?。中國的?jīng)濟近年來變化巨大，國家正著手扶持中產(chǎn)階級——這些人聰慧努力，他們有發(fā)言權(quán)，了解自己的需求，不再是最廉價的勞動力。創(chuàng)業(yè)活動及中小型企業(yè)的數(shù)量迅速增長，而中國也青睞這類企業(yè)?！盨chober博士說。他還稱中國2014年有1.5億企業(yè)家，其市場很有競爭力。塞爾維亞有智慧、技術(shù)過硬的勞動力，特別是在技術(shù)科學(xué)領(lǐng)域，應(yīng)該向世界輸送勞動力，與中國進(jìn)行合作恰恰起到了推動作用。他還說，中塞兩國的合作可以通過高層次的中歐合作實現(xiàn)。

論壇的最后，Lidija Obradovi，“絲路交流”項目的創(chuàng)始人稱，“雖然塞爾維亞和中東歐地區(qū)的關(guān)注點集中于貿(mào)易和基礎(chǔ)建設(shè)的合作，我們也應(yīng)該牢記新絲綢之路同時也是文化交流與合作之路，可就科學(xué)、教育、制藥、醫(yī)學(xué)等領(lǐng)域互通有無，人民互相往來，溝通交流。還要強調(diào)Wilhelm Schober所說的，外國企業(yè)在中國市場取得成功的關(guān)鍵是對中國文化、傳統(tǒng)、交流方式、企業(yè)文化及禮儀的深入了解，是它們打開了與中國伙伴長期成功合作的大門?！?/p>

Aside from the implied strategic cooperation between China and its companies HBIS and their participation in the privatization of Smederevo Steel mill, we could also hear from Li Manchang, China’s ambassador to Belgrade, about how one of the most important tasks for this year is the conclusion of an agreement on industrial parks. The plan is to concentrate high technology in these parks, since Serbia “has talented people, students, institutions and universities”. Manchang stressed that despite the slowing economic growth in China last year and expectations that GDP growth will not be higher than seven percent, China continues to deepen economic cooperation with Serbia and wants to negotiate new projects and investments. “For us, Serbian market is not enough and it is our intention to work together with Serbia on performing together in some other markets.” Chinese Ambassador to Serbia said on NIN’s panel.

塞爾維亞記者、中國問題專家Lidija Obradovic談到在中國市場上成功的關(guān)鍵是了解中國文化以及中國的思維方式和企業(yè)運營方式

“Since 2012, when representatives of the Chinese state and economy met for the frst with statesmen and businessmen from 16 countries of Central and Eastern Europe up to last year’s meeting in Beijing, yearly meetings brought increasing cooperation and arrangements, and above all, the construction of infrastructure projects.” Zarko Obradovic, First Serbian coordinator for the summit of China and 16 countries in the region, said. He points out that, although seven times greater than all 16 countries combined, and 11 times more populous, China has shown that it wants and can intensively cooperate with this region. Speaking of his 25-year experience of cooperation with Chinese companies as well as the Chinese economic development, Wilhelm Schober, an expert in mining, management and strategic marketing and the winner of some of the biggest awards in China, said that Chinese market is so competitive that whoever succeeds there - may succeed anywhere in the world. Dr.Schober was the laureate of 2014 Chinese Government’s Friendship Award. “China is a test ground for a company - if you win here, you can succeed anywhere in the world. The key to succeed in China is to understanding its culture. There is huge difference between us and we do not operate in the same way, but cooperation is certainly possible. The Chinese economy has changed signifcantly in recent years, China is working on the formation of the middle class, there are intelligent and hard-working people who are no longer the cheapest labor force, who have a voice and know what they want. The number of entrepreneurial activities and small to medium enterprises is growing rapidly and China is oriented to that kind of business.“ Dr. Schober said. He said that China had as many as 150 million entrepreneurs in the year 2014, and it is a very competitive market. Serbia has a very intelligent and skilled workforce, especially in the feld of technical sciences, which should offer its services worldwide, and that can be signifcantly aided by cooperation with China, Dr. Schober said, adding that the cooperation between Serbia and China can be achieved through the cooperation of Europe and China, which must be signifcantly higher. At the end of the Forum Lidija Obradovic, the author of the “Communication on the Silk Road”, said ∶“ while the views of Serbia and the region are focused on trade and infrastructure cooperation, we should bear in mind that the New Silk Road is at the same time a road of cultural exchange and cooperation in the feld of science, education, pharmacy, medicine, exchange of people and ideas, emphasizing, as well as Dr. Wilhelm Schober that the key to success of foreign companies in the Chinese market is good knowledge of Chinese culture, tradition and communication, business culture and business etiquette - which opens the door to long-term success cooperation with Chinese partners.”