文/克里斯琴·喬治 譯/任東升

By Christian George

【編者按】《圣經(jīng)》是西方文化的源頭之一，影響了不少作家的文學(xué)創(chuàng)作，英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)者有必要從文學(xué)鑒賞的角度對(duì)其有所了解，我們從本期起選取六個(gè)有關(guān)《圣經(jīng)》人物的故事，希望對(duì)讀者學(xué)習(xí)西方文化或文學(xué)有所助益。

A Day with Jesus (I)耶 穌 的 一 天 （一）

文/克里斯琴·喬治 譯/任東升

ByChristian George

The Gospel of Markchronicles a day from the beginning of Jesus’ ministry1ministry事工，即神職人員的傳教。. 《馬可福音》記載了耶穌傳教伊始的一天。

Nearly 2,000 years ago in what is present-day northern Israel, a man walked along the shore of the Sea of Galilee2加利利海，雖然稱(chēng)“?！保鋵?shí)是“湖”，是世界上最大的淡水湖。. His clothes reflected the common Jewish attire of His3在英文圣經(jīng)譯本里用來(lái)指代耶穌的主格、賓格、所有格、反身代詞時(shí)均為首字母大寫(xiě)，表示對(duì)耶穌的尊稱(chēng)。本文作者遵循這一傳統(tǒng)。time—a linen shirt underneath a tunic4tunic無(wú)袖的寬松短袍。. He wore leather sandals that offered little protection from the rocky banks. Unlike European Renaissance depictions of Jesus as a towering hulk5hulk體量高大的人。with flowing blonde hair and deep blue eyes, this Middle Eastern Jew had short, dark, tightly curled hair,a weathered face befitting a man of His outdoor profession and, according to a recent forensic anthropological6forensic anthropological法醫(yī)人類(lèi)學(xué)的。study,was probably no more than 5 feet 1 inch in height. His name was Yeshua7約書(shū)亞，希伯來(lái)語(yǔ)，意思是“耶和華是拯救”。, or as it would later be pronounced, Jesus8耶穌，是希臘語(yǔ)發(fā)音。.

大約2000年前，在位于今天以色列北部的地區(qū)，一名男子走在加利利海岸。他的裝束是那個(gè)時(shí)代最常見(jiàn)的猶太式風(fēng)格——身穿亞麻布襯衫，外罩無(wú)袖短袍，腳上一雙皮革涼鞋，這種涼鞋走在石頭遍布的海堤上幾乎起不到護(hù)腳的作用。體量高大、金發(fā)飄逸、眼睛深藍(lán)是歐洲文藝復(fù)興時(shí)期對(duì)耶穌形象的描繪，眼前這個(gè)中東猶太男子可與此不同：一頭黑色短發(fā)，濃密而曲卷，風(fēng)吹日曬的面龐倒是與他的戶(hù)外職業(yè)相稱(chēng)。據(jù)最近一項(xiàng)法醫(yī)人類(lèi)學(xué)研究表明，他身高或許不過(guò)5英尺1英寸（約1.55米）。此人名叫“約書(shū)亞”，后來(lái)發(fā)音變?yōu)椤耙d”（Jesus）。

[2] A native of Nazareth9拿撒勒（耶穌的故鄉(xiāng)，因而有“拿撒勒人耶穌”之稱(chēng)謂）。, a village of only 200 to 400 people, Jesus relocated10relocate遷移。as an adult to densely populated Capernaum11Capernaum迦百農(nóng)。, a polyglot12polyglot使用多種語(yǔ)言的。port on the banks of the Sea of Galilee, situated on the Via Maris13威亞馬里斯（商道）。拉丁文，意思是“沿海之路”（the way of theea）。, the main trade route connecting Mesopotamia14Mesopotamia美索不達(dá)米亞（平原）。with the Mediterranean. Recent archaeological digs have revealed no less that 15 ports along the coast of the large freshwater lake, but none as trafficked as the one Jesus selected to be His home base for a ministry that soon would go viral15go viral 像病毒一樣傳播開(kāi)來(lái)。.A modern-sized military garrison16garrison要塞。in Capernaum reminded the Jewish community of the consequences of rebelling against Roman occupation. In A.D. 67,the Jews did rise against the Romans,resulting in the ruthless carnage17carnage大屠殺。of 6,700 of them by Emperor Nero18尼祿（公元9—68年），羅馬帝國(guó)國(guó)王（公元54—68年在位）?！痵 most competent general, Vespasian19維斯佩西安（公元7—79年），羅馬帝國(guó)將軍，后成為羅馬帝國(guó)國(guó)王（公元69—79年在位）。.

[2]耶穌是土生土長(zhǎng)的拿撒勒人，這個(gè)小村只有兩百到四百人。成年后遷移到加利利岸邊人口密集的多語(yǔ)港城迦百農(nóng)，該城位于連接美索不達(dá)米亞平原和地中海的主要商道威亞馬里斯。最近的考古挖掘證明，這個(gè)面積廣大的淡水湖沿岸有至少15個(gè)港口，但是沒(méi)有一個(gè)像迦百農(nóng)那么交通繁忙，耶穌選定這里作為即將廣泛開(kāi)展傳道的大本營(yíng)。此地設(shè)有一個(gè)達(dá)到現(xiàn)代規(guī)模的軍事要塞，時(shí)刻提醒猶太人反抗羅馬統(tǒng)治的后果。公元67年，猶太人確曾發(fā)動(dòng)起義反抗羅馬統(tǒng)治，結(jié)果6700名猶太人慘遭尼祿皇帝最得力的將軍維斯佩西安無(wú)情殺戮。

[3] But 30 years prior, as Jesus walked the streets of Capernaum, the Jewish citizens were restless for revolution. Political tensions were as thick in the air as the 27 species of fish in the water. The coast of Galilee was the perfect place to pick a handful of fisherman to launch a controversial counterculture movement.

Friday, after sunrise Sea of Galilee

[4] Simon and his brother, Andrew,turned to see a stranger proposition20proposition建議。them. “Follow me” (Mark 1:17). They recognized the local Galilean dialect.He is one of us.But follow you? Follow you where? Following this stranger would mean forfeiting their catch, and mornings were the most profitable time for gathering the three types of edible species found in the Sea of Galilee —sardines, barbels and tilapis21在加利利地區(qū)羅非魚(yú)被稱(chēng)為“圣彼得魚(yú)”（St. Peter Fish）。. Next to gathering nuts, figs, olives and grapes for export, fishing drove the economy of Galilee. And not everyone could afford to own a boat. Simon and his brother were fortunate and were guaranteed steady and reliable revenue22revenue收入。as long as they kept fishing.

[3]不過(guò)，30多年之前，當(dāng)耶穌走在迦百農(nóng)的街道之際，那里的猶太公民都急不可耐，想發(fā)起一場(chǎng)革命。政治緊張籠罩的氛圍全城，就像湖里擁擠著的27種魚(yú)那般躁動(dòng)。要是想挑選若干漁夫發(fā)動(dòng)一場(chǎng)反文化運(yùn)動(dòng)引發(fā)騷亂的話，加利利沿岸便是絕佳之地。

星期五，日出后加利利海

[4]西門(mén)和他的兄弟安德烈，回頭看見(jiàn)一個(gè)陌生人沖他們說(shuō)：“來(lái)跟從我?！保ā恶R可福音》1:17）哥倆聽(tīng)得出他的加利利當(dāng)?shù)乜谝?，此人和我們一樣。但是要跟從你？跟從你去哪里？跟從這個(gè)陌生人就意味著賠掉他們捕魚(yú)的收獲，況且早上是捕撈加利利海中三種鮮魚(yú)——沙丁魚(yú)、鲃魚(yú)、羅非魚(yú)的最佳時(shí)段。捕魚(yú)業(yè)推動(dòng)著加利利地區(qū)的經(jīng)濟(jì)，僅次于供出口的堅(jiān)果、無(wú)花果收成、橄欖和葡萄。并不是誰(shuí)都有財(cái)力擁有自己的漁船，西門(mén)和他的兄弟很幸運(yùn)，只要這么捕魚(yú)就能保證穩(wěn)定可靠的收入。

[5] Even though it was occupation suicide, the two men dropped their fishing nets and followed this man. Not far down the coast, Jesus encountered James and his brother, John. They, too,abandoned the morning catch and “l(fā)eft their father Zebedee in the boat with the hired men and followed him” (Mark 1:20). The decision these men made would eventually cost each of them not only a lifetime of earnings, but also their lives. According to some sources,all of Jesus’ disciples would be executed or exiled because of their affiliation23affiliation隸屬；密切聯(lián)系。with this newfangled24newfangled新奇的。radical.

[5]盡管跟從耶穌無(wú)異于職業(yè)自殺，兩個(gè)人還是丟下漁網(wǎng)跟從了這個(gè)人。沿岸邊沒(méi)走多遠(yuǎn)，耶穌遇見(jiàn)了雅各和他的兄弟約翰。同樣，這哥倆也放棄了早上捕魚(yú)的機(jī)會(huì)，“就把父親西庇太和雇工留在船上，跟從耶穌去了”（《馬可福音》1:20）。這幾個(gè)人做出如此決定，最終不僅失去一輩子的生計(jì)，還要付出自己的性命。據(jù)一些文獻(xiàn)記載，耶穌的所有門(mén)徒都因?yàn)楹退@個(gè)新異的激進(jìn)分子的關(guān)系密切而被處死或遭流放。