陳 爽, 肖 樂(lè), 陳智勇, 楊 超, 鞏 藝, 余章彪*, 周 英, 劉雄利*
(1. 貴州醫(yī)科大學(xué) 生物與工程學(xué)院,貴州 貴陽(yáng) 550025; 2. 郴州市第一中學(xué) 化學(xué)組,湖南 郴州 423000;3. 貴州大學(xué) 貴州省中藥民族藥創(chuàng)制工程中心,貴州 貴陽(yáng) 550025)
·研究論文·
新型烷氧基嘧啶拼接3-吡咯螺環(huán)氧化吲哚類(lèi)化合物的合成及其抗腫瘤活性
陳 爽1, 肖 樂(lè)2, 3, 陳智勇3, 楊 超3, 鞏 藝3, 余章彪3*, 周 英3, 劉雄利3*
(1. 貴州醫(yī)科大學(xué) 生物與工程學(xué)院,貴州 貴陽(yáng) 550025; 2. 郴州市第一中學(xué) 化學(xué)組,湖南 郴州 423000;3. 貴州大學(xué) 貴州省中藥民族藥創(chuàng)制工程中心,貴州 貴陽(yáng) 550025)
以取代烷氧基嘧啶3-烯鍵氧化吲哚衍生物為原料,與肌氨酸及多聚甲醛在甲苯中回流經(jīng)1,3-偶極子3+2環(huán)加成反應(yīng),合成了8個(gè)新型烷氧基嘧啶拼接3-吡咯螺環(huán)氧化吲哚類(lèi)化合物(3a~3h),產(chǎn)率67%~82%,d/r值6/1~20/1, 其結(jié)構(gòu)經(jīng)1H NMR,13C NMR和HR-MS(ESI-TOF)表征。采用MTT法研究了3a~3h對(duì)人肺癌細(xì)胞(A549)、人前列腺癌細(xì)胞(PC-3)和人白血病細(xì)胞(K562)的體外抗腫瘤活性。結(jié)果表明:3d和3g對(duì)人白血病細(xì)胞K562具有明顯的活性,IC50分別為24.1 mol·L-1和32.4 μmol·L-1,接近陽(yáng)性對(duì)照藥順鉑。
肌氨酸; 甲醛; 烷氧基嘧啶3-烯鍵氧化吲哚; 烷氧基嘧啶拼接3-吡咯螺環(huán)氧化吲哚; 1,3-偶極環(huán)加成反應(yīng); 合成; 抗腫瘤活性
3-吡咯螺環(huán)氧化吲哚具有廣泛的生物活性[1-2],吸引了許多化學(xué)工作者及醫(yī)藥化學(xué)團(tuán)隊(duì)的廣泛關(guān)注,如Spirotryprostatins B可完全抑制tsFT210細(xì)胞,阻斷細(xì)胞分裂的G2/M期[3]。天然產(chǎn)物臺(tái)鉤藤堿具有調(diào)節(jié)大腦皮層M受體亞型和5-羥色胺受體的功能[4]。Alstonisine等也有類(lèi)似功效[5]。3-吡咯螺環(huán)氧化吲哚的合成方法目前已有一些文獻(xiàn)進(jìn)行了報(bào)道[1-7]。
目前已上市或即將上市的抗腫瘤或抗病毒感染的藥物大多由烷氧基嘧啶衍生而成[8-12],如齊多夫定、雙脫氧胞苷及拉米夫定等是HIV逆轉(zhuǎn)錄酶抑制劑;烷氧基嘧啶化合物V-X為藥物分子或具有廣泛的生物活性分子。
鑒于3-吡咯螺環(huán)氧化吲哚和烷氧基嘧啶[13]具有良好的生物活性,根據(jù)藥效團(tuán)和骨架遷越原理,將烷氧基嘧啶骨架拼合到3-吡咯螺環(huán)氧化吲哚骨架中,合成新型的烷氧基嘧啶拼接3-吡咯螺環(huán)氧化吲哚,可為生物活性篩選提供化合物源,對(duì)藥物篩選有一定參考意義。
本文以取代烷氧基嘧啶3-烯鍵氧化吲哚衍生物(1a~1h)為原料,與肌氨酸(2)和多聚甲醛在甲苯中回流經(jīng)1,3-偶極子3+2環(huán)加成反應(yīng),合成了8個(gè)新型烷氧基嘧啶拼接3-吡咯螺環(huán)氧化吲哚類(lèi)化合物(3a~3h, Scheme 1),產(chǎn)率67%~82%,d/r值6/1~20/1,其結(jié)構(gòu)經(jīng)1H NMR,13C NMR和HR-MS(ESI-TOF)表征。采用MTT法研究了3a~3h對(duì)人肺癌細(xì)胞(A549)、人前列腺癌細(xì)胞(PC-3)和人白血病細(xì)胞(K562)的體外抗腫瘤活性。
1.1 儀器與試劑
WRS-1B型數(shù)字熔點(diǎn)儀;Bruker-400 MHz型核磁共振儀(CD3Cl為溶劑,TMS為內(nèi)標(biāo)); MicroTMQ-TOF型高分辨質(zhì)譜儀。
所用試劑均為分析純。
1.2 3a~3h的合成(以3a為例)
在反應(yīng)管中依次加入雙甲氧基嘧啶拼接3-烯鍵氧化吲哚(1a)93.3 mg(0.3 mmol), 2 53.4 mg(0.6 mmol),多聚甲醛27.0 mg(0.9 mmol)和甲苯8.0 mL,攪拌下回流反應(yīng)8 h。經(jīng)硅膠柱層析[洗脫劑:V(石油醚)∶V(乙酸乙酯)=3 ∶1]純化得3a 87.3 mg。
用類(lèi)似的方法合成3b~3h。
3a: 黃色固體, m.p. 124.3~126.1 ℃;1H NMRδ: 2.46(s, 3H), 3.02~3.10(m, 2H), 3.13(s, 3H), 3.55(s, 3H), 3.66(t,J=9.2 Hz, 1H), 3.80(s, 6H), 4.10~4.18(m, 2H), 6.62~6.68(m, 1H), 6.93~7.00(m, 2H), 8.07(s, 1H);13C NMRδ: 21.2, 26.4, 29.8, 42.3, 45.3, 54.0, 58.1, 59.5, 67.1, 102.1, 106.8, 114.6, 122.4, 122.8, 125.1, 130.1, 134.3, 139.3, 141.1, 154.9, 168.2, 180.6; HR-MS(ESI-TOF)m/z: Calcd for C20H24N4O3Na{[M+Na]+}391.174 6, found 391.174 9。
3b: 白色固體, m.p. 162.7~164.0 ℃;1H NMRδ: 1.35(t,J=7.1 Hz, 6H), 2.49(s, 3H), 2.64(d,J=9.2 Hz, 1H), 3.02(t,J=8.6 Hz, 1H), 3.13(t,J=8.9 Hz, 1H), 3.22(d,J=9.5 Hz, 1H), 3.72~3.82(m, 1H), 4.21~4.32(m, 4H), 6.73~6.77(m, 2H), 6.97~7.04(m, 1H), 7.13(d,J=6.8 Hz, 1H), 7.25(s, 1H), 8.03(s, 1H);13C NMRδ: 14.5, 42.2, 44.5, 47.7, 59.0, 59.6, 62.7, 63.8, 100.0, 109.2, 117.6, 121.7, 124.5, 127.9, 130.7, 140.9, 154.8, 160.5, 168.1, 182.5; HR-MS(ESI-TOF)m/z: Calcd for C20H24N4O3Na{[M+Na]+} 391.174 6, found 391.174 2。
3c: 黃色固體, m.p. 148.2~150.1 ℃;1H NMRδ: 1.38(t,J=7.1 Hz, 6H), 2.52(s, 3H), 2.94(d,J=9.2 Hz, 1H), 3.03(s, 1H), 3.09(d,J=9.2 Hz, 1H), 3.13(s, 3H), 3.15~3.19(m, 1H), 3.19~3.24(m, 1H), 4.24~4.31(m, 4H), 6.48~6.52(m, 1H), 6.74~6.79(m, 1H), 7.15~7.18(m, 1H), 8.04(s, 1H);13C NMRδ: 14.5, 22.8, 26.5, 29.8, 32.0, 42.1, 44.4, 58.4, 62.8, 107.4, 113.0, 139.3, 139.4, 135.8, 155.0, 157.5, 159.8, 166.8, 168.0; HR-MS(ESI-TOF)m/z: Calcd for C21H25N4O3FNa {[M+Na]+}423.180 8, found 423.180 8。
3d: 淡黃色固體, m.p. 117.1~118.7 ℃;1H NMRδ: 1.34(t,J=7.1 Hz, 6H), 2.50(s, 3H), 2.79(d,J=9.2 Hz, 1H), 2.91(d,J=8.8 Hz, 1H), 3.14(d,J=9.2 Hz, 1H), 3.81~3.87(m, 1H), 4.18~4.30(m, 4H), 4.39~4.45(m, 1H), 4.77(d,J=15.9 Hz, 1H), 4.95(d,J=15.9 Hz, 1H), 6.31~6.34(m, 1H), 6.61~6.67(m, 1H), 7.08~7.11(m, 1H), 7.19~7.22(m, 1H), 7.23~7.25(m, 2H), 7.26(d,J=1.3 Hz, 1H), 7.29(d,J=2.8 Hz, 1H), 8.10(s, 1H);13C NMRδ: 14.5, 29.8, 42.1, 43.8, 44.1, 58.3, 59.2, 62.8, 66.8, 101.5, 108.6, 113.1, 113.4, 114.0, 126.9, 127.8, 128.8, 133.3, 133.4, 135.8, 138.5, 155.1, 168.1, 179.2; HR-MS(ESI-TOF)m/z: Calcd for C27H29N4O3FNa{[M+Na]+}499.212 1, found 499.212 1。
3e: 蒼黃色固體, m.p. 216.5~217.9 ℃;1H NMRδ: 0.97(t,J=7.4 Hz, 6H), 1.71~1.81(m, 4H), 2.48(s, 3H), 2.65(d,J=9.5 Hz, 1H), 3.14(t,J=8.3 Hz, 1H), 3.21(d,J=10.5 Hz, 2H), 3.74(t,J=9.1 Hz, 1H), 4.09~4.19(m, 4H), 6.72~6.77(m, 2H), 6.97~7.01(m, 1H), 7.12(d,J=7.4 Hz, 1H), 8.02(s, 1H), 9.16(br s, 1H);13C NMRδ: 10.8, 22.3, 29.8, 42.2, 44.4, 51.9, 58.7, 68.6, 101.9, 103.0, 109.4, 121.6, 124.4, 127.9, 136.9, 141.0, 154.7, 157.8, 161.8, 168.2, 183.5; HR-MS(ESI-TOF)m/z: Calcd for C22H28N4O3Na{[M+Na]+}419.205 9, found 419.206 2。
3f: 黃色油狀液體;1H NMRδ: 2.47(s, 3H), 2.51~2.58(m, 1H), 3.17(t,J=8.3 Hz, 1H), 3.25(d,J=9.6 Hz, 1H), 3.49~3.55(m, 1H), 3.78(s, 6H), 3.80(s, 3H), 4.08~4.12(m, 1H), 6.72~6.78(m, 2H), 6.98~7.04(m, 2H), 8.25(br s, 1H);13C NMRδ: 29.8, 42.4, 44.6, 53.7, 54.5, 58.5, 67.3, 94.4, 109.0, 121.7, 124.6, 127.8, 131.8, 162.5, 169.9; HR-MS(ESI-TOF)m/z: Calcd for C19H22N4O4Na{[M+Na]+}393.153 9, found 393.153 5。
3g: 黃色固體, m.p. 79.5~82.6 ℃;1H NMRδ: 2.46(s, 3H), 2.65(d,J=9.4 Hz, 1H), 2.92~2.98(m, 1H), 3.06~3.11(m, 1H), 3.13(s, 3H), 3.62~3.67(m, 1H), 3.79(s, 6H), 3.80(s, 3H), 4.12~4.16(m, 1H), 6.49~6.52(m, 1H), 6.73~6.78(m, 1H), 7.01~7.04(m, 1H);13C NMRδ: 26.4, 29.9, 36.0, 42.2, 44.6, 47.5, 52.2, 53.9, 59.0, 66.0, 93.9, 107.5, 113.8, 114.0, 133.3, 139.3, 157.4, 159.8, 162.5, 163.7, 169.7, 179.9; HR-MS(ESI-TOF)m/z: Calcd for C20H23N4O4FNa{[M+Na]+} 425.160 1, found 425.160 3。
3h: 黃色油狀液體;1H NMRδ: 1.36~1.23(m, 9H), 2.47(s, 3H), 3.35~3.39(m, 1H), 3.48~3.52(m, 1H), 3.72~3.76(m, 1H), 3.77~3.82(m, 2H), 4.05~4.34(m, 6H), 6.70~6.78(m, 1H), 6.96~7.05(m, 1H), 7.16(t,J=8.2 Hz, 1H), 7.25(s, 1H), 8.25(br s, 1H);13C NMRδ: 14.4, 29.9, 33.3, 35.9, 42.3, 44.3, 47.6, 52.3, 58.7, 60.1, 62.6, 93.8, 103.0, 109.3, 121.6, 124.6, 127.8, 141.2, 162.1, 163.8, 169.4, 183.4; HR-MS(ESI-TOF)m/z: Calcd for C22H28N4O4Na{[M+Na]+}435.200 8, found 435.201 1。
1.3 體外抗腫瘤活性測(cè)試
采用MTT法[14-15]測(cè)試了3a~3h對(duì)人肺癌細(xì)胞(A549)、人前列腺癌細(xì)胞(PC-3)和人白血病細(xì)胞(K562)的體外抗腫瘤活性,以順鉑為陽(yáng)性對(duì)照藥。
2.1 合成
通過(guò)底物擴(kuò)展,我們發(fā)現(xiàn)該反應(yīng)的活性普遍較高,12 h內(nèi)基本反應(yīng)完全(TLC檢測(cè))。TLC顯示反應(yīng)有少量的副產(chǎn)物產(chǎn)生,核磁和質(zhì)譜不能對(duì)其進(jìn)行結(jié)構(gòu)鑒定,可能為分解產(chǎn)物或聚合物。其中,底物1中嘧啶取代基位阻較大時(shí)產(chǎn)率較低,但非對(duì)映選擇性較高(3e,產(chǎn)率67%,d/r值20/1)。
2.2 抗腫瘤活性
表1為3a~3h對(duì)K562、 PC-3和A549的體外抗腫瘤活性。雖然僅僅從以上幾例體外活性數(shù)據(jù)很難總結(jié)其構(gòu)效關(guān)系, 但由表1可見(jiàn),化合物3d和3g對(duì)人白血病細(xì)胞K562具有明顯的抑制活性,IC50分別為24.1 μmol·L-1和32.4 μmol·L-1,接近陽(yáng)性對(duì)照藥順鉑。其他測(cè)試化合物對(duì)A549、 PC-3和K562的抑制活性弱于順鉑。以上結(jié)果表明化合物3a~3h可作為先導(dǎo)化合物的骨架進(jìn)一步研究。
表1 3a~3h的體外抗腫瘤活性
以取代烷氧基嘧啶3-烯鍵氧化吲哚衍生物為原料,與肌氨酸及多聚甲醛經(jīng)1,3-偶極子3+2環(huán)加成反應(yīng)合成了8個(gè)新型烷氧基嘧啶拼接3-吡咯螺環(huán)氧化吲哚類(lèi)化合物(3a~3h),產(chǎn)率67%~82%,d/r值6/1~20/1。并用MTT法研究了3a~3h對(duì)人肺癌細(xì)胞(A549)、人前列腺癌細(xì)胞(PC-3)和人白血病細(xì)胞(K562)的體外抗腫瘤活性。結(jié)果表明:化合物3d和3g對(duì)人白血病細(xì)胞K562具有明顯的抑制活性,接近陽(yáng)性對(duì)照藥順鉑。以上結(jié)果表明化合物3可作為先導(dǎo)化合物的骨架進(jìn)一步研究,其他相關(guān)藥理活性的研究正在進(jìn)行中。
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2017年第25卷合 成 化 學(xué)Vol.25, 2017 第1期, 26~31Chinese Journal of Synthetic ChemistryNo.1, 26~31
Synthesis and Antitumor Activities of Novel Pyrimidine-fused Spiropyrrolidine Oxindoles
CHEN Shuang1, XIAO Le2,3, CHEN Zhi-yong3, YANG Chao3, GONG Yi3, YU Zhang-biao3*, ZHOU Ying3, LIU Xiong-li3*
(1. Institute of Biology and Engineering, Guizhou University of Medical Sciences, Guiyang 550025, China; 2. Chemical Group, Chenzhou City First Middle School, Chenzhou 423000, China; 3. Guizhou Engineering Center for Innovative Traditional Chinese Medicine and Ethnic Medicine, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China)
Eight novel pyrimidine-fused spiropyrrolidine oxindoles(3a~3h)were synthesized by 1,3-dipolar reaction of pyrimidine-fused 3-alkenyloxindoles with azomethine ylides(thermally generatedinsitufrom sarcosine and formaldehyde). The yields andd/rof 3a~3h were 67%~82% and 6/1~20/1, respectively. The structures were characterized by1H NMR,13C NMR and HR-MS(ESI-TOF). Theinvitroantitumor activities against human lung cancer cells(A549), human prostate cancer cells PC-3 and human leukemia cells(K562) were demonstrated by MTT assays. The results showed that 3d and 3g exhibited certaininvitroinhibitory activities against K562 with IC50of 24.1 mol·L-1and 32.4 mol·L-1, respectively, equipotent to the positive control of Cisplatin.
sarcosine; formaldehyde; pyrimidine-fused 3-alkenyloxindole; pyrimidine-fused 3-alkenyloxindole; 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction; synthesis; antitumor activity
2016-09-21
國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金地區(qū)基金資助項(xiàng)目(81560563); 貴州省教學(xué)改革創(chuàng)新項(xiàng)目(SJJG201423);貴州省制藥工程專(zhuān)業(yè)學(xué)位研究生工作站(黔教研合JYSZ字【2014】002); 貴州省研究生教改課題(黔教研合JG字[2016]06)
陳爽(1995-),女,仡佬族,貴州安順人,本科生,主要從事天然產(chǎn)物活性成分研究。 E-mail: 2568715818@qq.com
劉雄利,博士,副教授,碩士生導(dǎo)師, E-mail: xlliu1@gzu.edu.cn; 余章彪,教授,碩士生導(dǎo)師, E-mail: gym.zbyu@gzu.edu.cn
O626.13; O623.7
A
10.15952/j.cnki.cjsc.1005-1511.2017.01.16243