山東 邵淑紅

高考英語(yǔ)詞匯記憶五妙招

山東 邵淑紅

高考英語(yǔ)詞匯量的大小和對(duì)詞匯掌握的熟練度對(duì)同學(xué)們的答題速度和正確率有著至關(guān)重要的影響?？荚嚧缶V的3 500個(gè)詞匯就是英語(yǔ)卷命題選詞的范圍和依據(jù)，因此，同學(xué)們應(yīng)認(rèn)真記憶考綱規(guī)定的每一個(gè)單詞和相關(guān)的詞組及短語(yǔ)，可將大綱中3 500個(gè)詞匯進(jìn)行篩選，將詞匯本變“薄”，對(duì)詞匯進(jìn)行“瘦身”。以下為筆者總結(jié)的五種記憶單詞的妙招，助力學(xué)生突破高考英語(yǔ)詞匯。

方法1：短文翻譯突破單詞

短文翻譯是體現(xiàn)“用中學(xué)，學(xué)中用”的最好途徑，翻譯練習(xí)可以是單句或短文。同學(xué)們對(duì)有些與寫(xiě)作相關(guān)的段落和篇章應(yīng)進(jìn)行摘抄并進(jìn)行默寫(xiě)背誦，以便在今后的考試中模仿套用，以增強(qiáng)表達(dá)的規(guī)范性和準(zhǔn)確性。當(dāng)然還可以通過(guò)同義詞記憶、英英釋義、填空、互譯、默寫(xiě)、聽(tīng)寫(xiě)等多種渠道記憶詞匯。

方法2：話題式單詞分類(lèi)記憶法

同學(xué)們可以按照話題、功能意念和語(yǔ)言結(jié)構(gòu)將單詞分類(lèi)，如外貌特征、性格與行為特征、學(xué)校生活、工作與職業(yè)、健康與醫(yī)療、成功與失敗等，記憶與話題相關(guān)的單詞和短語(yǔ)以及句型。這樣將詞匯分類(lèi)比不分類(lèi)記憶效率高出一倍。

例1.有關(guān)“課程及活動(dòng)”：major in，favorite subject，after-school activities，develop social skills，optional cours-es，participate in，required courses。

例2.有關(guān)“成功與失敗”：make it，succeed，make progress，come true，realize one’s dream，win，lose，fail to do，defeat，suffer loss，beat，turn sth. into reality等等，然后再進(jìn)行構(gòu)詞法、詞的正確形式填空、同義替換、完成句子甚至漢譯英等形式的訓(xùn)練。

方法3：語(yǔ)境記憶法

把單詞的一詞多義或者毫無(wú)關(guān)系的詞編成一個(gè)故事，創(chuàng)設(shè)一定的語(yǔ)境，記憶的過(guò)程就相當(dāng)于把這些詞編成電視劇，編成一個(gè)“錄像”放到大腦右半葉里面去。在把它“播”出來(lái)的時(shí)候，也就把這些詞播放出來(lái)了。

例1：pick up 的一詞多義：

One day，I picked up（接收）my wife’s message，saying “When I was on the way to pick up（接人，載客）our son，I picked up（撿拾）a wallet. And I handed it in to the police”. My son told me that he picked up（偶然學(xué)會(huì)）a song .On the second day ，we picked up（用較少的錢(qián)買(mǎi)到）an old and valuable bowl on the way to see my sick mother.Seeing she pick up（身體恢復(fù)，痊愈），we were very delighted.

例2：figure的 一詞多義：

I’m dieting to keep my figure（體型，身材）in order to become an important figure（人物）in the model field. I figure（想，認(rèn)為）that you can figure out（理解，明白）why I do it. I can’t figure out（計(jì)算） the figure （數(shù)字）of the figures（人影）in the darkness.

例3：將多個(gè)單詞放到語(yǔ)篇中去記憶

Fall in Love with English

Hidden behind the loose dusty curtain，a teenager packed up his overcoat into the suitcase. He planned to leave home at dusk though there was thunder and lightning outdoors. He had got to do this because he was tired of his parentsn’agging about his English study and did not want to go through it any longer. He couldn’t get along well with English and disliked joining in English classes because he thought his teacher ignored him on purpose. As a result，his score in each exam never added up to over 60.

His partner was concerned about him very much. She understood exactly what he was suffering from，but entirely disagreed with his idea. In order to calm him down and settle his problem，she talked with him face to face and swapped a series of learning tips with him. The items she set down helped him find the highway to studying English well.

The teenager was grateful and got great power from his friend’s words. Now，he has recovered from being upset and has fallen in love with English.

通過(guò)語(yǔ)境來(lái)進(jìn)行單詞背誦，不僅有利于記憶單詞，而且對(duì)完形填空、語(yǔ)法填空、短文改錯(cuò)、書(shū)面表達(dá)等句型都有幫助。

方法4：口訣記憶法

例1.在記憶It is+adj. /n. +that+虛擬語(yǔ)氣（should+動(dòng)詞原形）的句式時(shí)，可以記住如下的口訣：

自然真奇妙，（natural，strange）

不說(shuō)不知道。

一是很重要，（important）

二是很必要。（necessary/essential）

如果不知道，

真是羞死了。（a pity/a shame）

Eg. It is necessary/essential that we should learn English well.

這樣我們既記住了單詞，又對(duì)語(yǔ)法規(guī)則進(jìn)行了歸類(lèi)。

例2.系動(dòng)詞的快速記憶法

“一是二保持三似乎四變得五起來(lái)” 后加表語(yǔ)（記憶次序不要變）：

一是：be

二保持：stay，remain（keep）三似乎：seem，appear，look

四變得：become，go，get，grow，（fall，turn）五起來(lái)：sound，look，smell，taste，feel

Eg. 1.Why don’t you put the meat in the fridge? It will stay fresh for several days.

2. Although he has taken a lot of medicine，his health remains poor.

3. Sarah，hurry up. I’m afraid you won’t have time to get changed before the party.

方法5：匯總高頻詞，分組記憶。

例1.有關(guān)“餐館/訂餐/就餐”：inn，restaurant，kitchen，menu，bill，order，tip，fork and knife，reserve/book table，taste delicious，salad，vegetables，fruit，tray，napkin等。

例2.有關(guān)“看”：look，see，watch，observe，notice，catch sight of，stare，glare，glance，glimpse，see a film，watch TV等。

例3.有關(guān)“說(shuō)”：tell sth. to sb.=tell sb sth.，talk with sb about sth.，say sth.，speak in English，whisper sth. to sb.，inform sb of sth.，reason/talk/persuade sb. into doing sth.，bargain，chat，repeat，explain，warn，remind，discuss，debate，figure，declare，claim，mention，admit，deny，describe，announce，introduce，complain 等。

例4.有關(guān)“存在/消失”：come into being，exist，appear，survive，live，show，turn up，disappear，die，die out，pass away，be out of sight等。

例5.高級(jí)寫(xiě)作副詞：definitely，considerably，increasingly，occasionally，extremely，thoroughly，severely，slightly，actually等。

然后再對(duì)相關(guān)單詞進(jìn)行辨析、對(duì)比、翻譯或完成句子的練習(xí)。

Eg. The room has been thoroughly cleaned.

總之，同學(xué)們要善于總結(jié)整理教材和報(bào)刊中的好詞好句，按照話題分類(lèi)打包，根據(jù)語(yǔ)塊進(jìn)行記憶，這樣便于“整存整取”，提高集中記憶和靈活應(yīng)用的效果，并且會(huì)對(duì)各種題型大有幫助。

山東省淄博市教學(xué)研究室）