李強(qiáng)+蘇艷玲
【摘要】 目的 收集絕經(jīng)前乳腺癌患者的臨床病理資料, 探討肥胖與絕經(jīng)前乳腺癌臨床病理特征之間的關(guān)系。方法 117例絕經(jīng)前乳腺癌患者, 采用免疫組化法(IHC)檢測(cè)ER表達(dá), 測(cè)量身高體重并計(jì)算體質(zhì)量指數(shù)(BMI)數(shù)值, 分析BMI值及腹型肥胖與臨床病理特征之間的相關(guān)性。結(jié)果 117例絕經(jīng)前乳腺癌患者年齡28~54歲, 中位年齡47歲, 年齡>38歲者78例(66.67%), 腫瘤大小>2 cm者71例(60.68%), 伴淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移者68例(58.12%), 遠(yuǎn)處轉(zhuǎn)移者25例(21.37%), BMI>23.5 kg/m2者60例(51.28%), 伴腹型肥胖者58例(49.57%)。研究表明, 患者BMI值及腹型肥胖均與腫瘤大小密切相關(guān)(P<0.05), 而與患者年齡、淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移、遠(yuǎn)處轉(zhuǎn)移及ER表達(dá)等無(wú)關(guān)(P>0.05)。利用Logistic回歸模型對(duì)肥胖與乳腺癌臨床病理特征的相關(guān)性進(jìn)行分析, 顯示較高BMI值和腹型肥胖因素是影響腫瘤大小的獨(dú)立因素(P<0.05)。結(jié)論 高BMI及腹型肥胖是影響絕經(jīng)前乳腺癌腫瘤大小的危險(xiǎn)因素。
【關(guān)鍵詞】 絕經(jīng)前乳腺癌;體重指數(shù);腹型肥胖
DOI:10.14163/j.cnki.11-5547/r.2017.05.002
Analysis of clinical correlation between obesity and premenopausal breast cancer LI Qiang, SU Yan-ling. Department of Medical Oncology, Shenzhen Hospital of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Tumor Hospital, Shenzhen 518000, China
【Abstract】 Objective To collect clinical pathological data of premenopausal breast cancer patients, and to investigate relationship between obesity and clinical pathological characteristics of premenopausal breast cancer. Methods A total of 117 patients with premenopausal breast cancer received immunological histological chemistry (IHC) for ER expression detection. Their height and weight were measured to calculate body mass index (BMI). Correlation between BMI, abdominal obesity and clinical pathological characteristics was analyzed. Results The 117 patients with premenopausal breast cancer had age range as 28~54 years old, with median age as 47 years old. There were 78 cases > 38 years old (66.67%), 71 cases with tumor > 2 cm (60.68%), 68 cases with lymphatic metastasis (58.12%), 25 cases with distant metastasis (21.37%), 60 cases with BMI >23.5 kg/m2 (51.28%), and 58 cases with abdominal obesity (49.57%). Research showed close correlation between BMI, abdominal obesity and tumor size (P<0.05), while there was no correlation between BMI, abdominal obesity and age, lymphatic metastasis, distant metastasis and ER expression (P>0.05). Logistic regression model in correlation analysis of obesity and clinical pathological characteristics of breast cancer showed high BMI and abdominal obesity as the independent influencing factors for tumor size (P<0.05). Conclusion High BMI and abdominal obesity are the risk factors which influence tumor size of premenopausal breast cancer.
【Key words】 Premenopausal breast cancer; Body mass index; Abdominal obesity
乳腺癌是女性最常見(jiàn)的一類(lèi)惡性腫瘤, 其發(fā)病率和死亡率在女性腫瘤中均居于前列[1]。絕經(jīng)前乳腺癌表現(xiàn)出較為特殊的發(fā)生、發(fā)展和預(yù)后特征, 此類(lèi)患者群體更值得關(guān)注[2, 3]。體內(nèi)雌激素代謝紊亂會(huì)導(dǎo)致肥胖, 而肥胖也在促進(jìn)乳腺癌的發(fā)生發(fā)展過(guò)程中起到重要作用[4, 5]。迄今有關(guān)肥胖與絕經(jīng)前乳腺癌患者群體臨床相關(guān)性研究尚存爭(zhēng)議[6] 。本研究旨在初步探討117例絕經(jīng)前乳腺癌患者的臨床病理特征與肥胖因素的相關(guān)性, 為進(jìn)一步研究絕經(jīng)前乳腺癌的生物學(xué)特性提供線(xiàn)索。
1 資料與方法
1. 1 一般資料 選取本院2014年1月~2016年9月收治的117例絕經(jīng)前乳腺癌患者作為研究對(duì)象, 收集患者的相關(guān)臨床病理資料, 測(cè)量腰腹圍并計(jì)算BMI值。
1. 2 入組標(biāo)準(zhǔn) 117例患者均經(jīng)病理學(xué)證實(shí)且病歷資料完整, 排除肝腎疾病及其他婦科疾病, 術(shù)前未行化療、放療或內(nèi)分泌治療。絕經(jīng)標(biāo)準(zhǔn):①已切除雙側(cè)卵巢;②患者年齡≥60 歲;③患者年齡<60 歲, 血清中雌二醇和卵泡刺激素達(dá)到絕經(jīng)后水平維持1年以上;④正在接受促黃體生成素釋放激素(LH-RH) 類(lèi)似物或激動(dòng)劑治療的患者和接受輔助性化療的絕經(jīng)前患者, 不能判斷其是否絕經(jīng)。
1. 3 ER表達(dá)測(cè)定方法 腫瘤組織標(biāo)本病理切片送檢, 采用免疫組化法檢測(cè)組織ER表達(dá)情況。評(píng)定標(biāo)準(zhǔn):ER的表達(dá)以細(xì)胞核內(nèi)出現(xiàn)棕黃色顆粒為陽(yáng)性細(xì)胞, 采用國(guó)內(nèi)通用標(biāo)準(zhǔn), 根據(jù)陽(yáng)性細(xì)胞所占的百分?jǐn)?shù)分級(jí), >10%癌細(xì)胞著色為ER(+)、≤10%癌細(xì)胞著色為ER(一)。
1. 4 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法 采用SPSS17.0統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)軟件對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)分析。計(jì)量資料以均數(shù)±標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差( x-±s)表示, 采用t檢驗(yàn);計(jì)數(shù)資料以率(%)表示, 采用χ2檢驗(yàn)。用Logistic回歸進(jìn)行組間多因素分析。P<0.05表示差異具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2 結(jié)果
2. 1 臨床特征描述分析 117例絕經(jīng)前乳腺癌患者年齡28~54歲, 中位年齡47歲, 年齡>38歲者78例(66.67%), 腫瘤大小>2 cm者71例(60.68%), 伴淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移者68例(58.12%), 遠(yuǎn)處轉(zhuǎn)移者25例(21.37%), BMI>23.5 kg/m2者60例(51.28%), 伴腹型肥胖者58例(49.57%)。見(jiàn)表1。
2. 2 肥胖與臨床病理特征的關(guān)系 研究表明, 患者BMI值及腹型肥胖均與腫瘤大小密切相關(guān)(P<0.05), 而與患者年齡、淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移、遠(yuǎn)處轉(zhuǎn)移及ER表達(dá)等無(wú)關(guān)(P>0.05)。全部患者中, 較高BMI值或腹型肥胖因素對(duì)腫瘤生長(zhǎng)影響顯著。見(jiàn)表2, 表3。
2. 3 影響腫瘤大小的多因素分析 利用Logistic回歸模型對(duì)肥胖與乳腺癌臨床病理特征的相關(guān)性進(jìn)行分析。結(jié)果顯示, 較高BMI值和腹型肥胖因素是影響腫瘤大小的獨(dú)立因素(P<0.05)。見(jiàn)表4, 表5。
3 討論
乳腺癌目前已成為全球女性最常見(jiàn)的惡性腫瘤之一, 其發(fā)病機(jī)制尚未完全闡明。研究表明, 乳腺癌具有雌激素依賴(lài)性, 體內(nèi)雌激素水平的增高可明顯增加乳腺癌的患病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)[7-10]。血清雌激素過(guò)量, 就會(huì)破壞乳腺組織的增生與修復(fù)平衡, 促進(jìn)乳腺癌細(xì)胞的異常增殖與分化[8] 。絕經(jīng)前乳腺癌患者體內(nèi)雌激素水平較高, 而肥胖能促進(jìn)雌激素的合成, 血清游離雌二醇水平隨著B(niǎo)MI的增高而增加。近年來(lái)肥胖與絕經(jīng)前乳腺癌的關(guān)系受到關(guān)注。
本研究以絕經(jīng)前乳腺癌為研究對(duì)象, 通過(guò)對(duì)臨床病理特征因素進(jìn)行合理篩選, 較為客觀(guān)地反映肥胖因素在腫瘤發(fā)生發(fā)展過(guò)程中的生物學(xué)特點(diǎn)。研究表明, BMI值及腹型肥胖因素與腫瘤大小關(guān)系密切, 而與患者年齡、淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移、遠(yuǎn)處轉(zhuǎn)移及ER表達(dá)等無(wú)顯著相關(guān)性。較高BMI值及腹型肥胖是影響腫瘤大小的危險(xiǎn)因素。考慮肥胖促進(jìn)絕經(jīng)前乳腺癌患者體內(nèi)雌激素合成, 導(dǎo)致血清雌激素代謝紊亂可能, 進(jìn)一步影響乳腺癌的增殖生長(zhǎng)。不過(guò)這些都有待于更多的臨床研究去驗(yàn)證。
綜上所述, 肥胖可顯著增加乳腺癌患病的危險(xiǎn)性, BMI值和腹型肥胖可能是絕經(jīng)前乳腺癌腫瘤大小的獨(dú)立風(fēng)險(xiǎn)因素。具有較高BMI值或腹型肥胖的絕經(jīng)前乳腺癌患者, 其腫瘤大小及增殖受影響更為顯著。提示肥胖所致的代謝紊亂可能是乳腺癌患病的原因。其確切的生物學(xué)機(jī)制尚未闡明, 也有待于擴(kuò)大樣本量進(jìn)一步研究證實(shí)。
參考文獻(xiàn)
[1] John EM, Sangaramoorthy M, Hines LM, et al. Body size throughout adult life influences postmenopausal breast cancer risk among hispanic women: the breast cancer health disparities study. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev, 2015, 24(1):128-137.
[2] Munsell MF. Body mass index and breast cancer risk according to postmenopausal estrogen-progestin use and hormone receptor status. Epidemiologic Reviews, 2014, 36(1):114-136.
[3] Secreto G, Zumoff B. Abnormal production of androgens in women with breast cancer. Anticancer Research, 1994, 14(5B):2113-2117.
[4] Cleary MP. Impact of obesitty on development and progression of mammary tumors in preclnical models of breast cancer. Journal of Mammary Gland Biology & Neoplasia, 2013, 18(3-4):333-343.
[5] Tormey DC, Gray R, Gilchrist K, et al. Adjuvant chemohormonal therapy with cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, 5-fluorouracil, and prednisone (CMFP) or CMFP plus tamoxifen compared with CMF for premenopausal breast cancer patients. An Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group trial. Cancer, 1990, 65(2):200-206.
[6] Turkoz FP, Solak M, Petekkaya I, et al. The prognostic impact of obesity on molecular subtypes of breast cancer in premenopausal women. Journal of B.u.on. Official Journal of the Balkan Union of Oncology, 2013, 18(18):335-341.
[7] Palmer JR, Adams-Campbell LL, Boggs DA, et al. A prospective study of body size and breast cancer in black women. Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention, 2007, 16(9):1795-1802.
[8] Benedetto C, Salvagno F, Canuto EM, et al. Obesity and female malignancies. Bailli & Egrave Re S Best Practice & Research in Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology, 2015, 29(4):528-540.
[9] 林威, 唐錄英, 岑玉玲,等. 體重指數(shù)與谷氨酰半胱氨酸合成酶催化亞基基因多態(tài)性的交互作用對(duì)女性乳腺癌風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的影響. 中華流行病學(xué)雜志, 2013, 34(11):1115-1119.
[10] Anderson GL, Neuhouser ML. Obesity and the Risk for Premenopausal and Postmenopausal Breast Cancer. Cancer Prevention Research, 2012, 5(4):515.