本刊記者 吳秀霞
去產(chǎn)能 補短板 江蘇致力打造造船強省
本刊記者 吳秀霞
“十三五”期間,江蘇將重點突破綠色高技術(shù)船型研制技術(shù),重點發(fā)展浮式生產(chǎn)儲卸裝置、工程作業(yè)船、起重鋪管船、水下工程裝備等,大力發(fā)展動力及傳動系統(tǒng)、通訊導航定位系統(tǒng)、電子電控系統(tǒng)等海洋工程及遠洋船舶關(guān)鍵技術(shù)和設(shè)備。
在過去的2016年,江蘇省落實中央供給側(cè)結(jié)構(gòu)性改革工作會議精神,圍繞“去產(chǎn)能、去庫存、去杠桿、降成本、補短板”五大重點任務,結(jié)合江蘇省船舶工業(yè)發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀,抓住主要矛盾,找準切入點,有序地推進“三去一降一補”工作。自2016年年初開始,江蘇省自加壓力,淘汰落后產(chǎn)能、化解過剩產(chǎn)能,通過建立過剩行業(yè)產(chǎn)能預警體系和監(jiān)督機制,提出清退1000萬載重噸船舶產(chǎn)能目標任務,確保現(xiàn)有產(chǎn)能嚴重過剩行業(yè)的產(chǎn)能規(guī)模得到有效控制,產(chǎn)能利用率達到合理水平。截至2016年年末,全省已經(jīng)基本達到預期目標。
在船舶造修企業(yè),隨著行業(yè)“洗牌”加速,經(jīng)過行業(yè)引導,江蘇省現(xiàn)有部分“先天不足、中低散”的落后產(chǎn)能逐漸轉(zhuǎn)產(chǎn)、關(guān)停,被淘汰出局;另有部分初具規(guī)模,且進入“白名單”的船企也因資金鏈斷裂等多重因素被洗牌出局;還有一批優(yōu)勢骨干企業(yè)仍然保持穩(wěn)健發(fā)展。隨著造船業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)型升級、兼并重組步伐加快,江蘇省船舶工業(yè)實現(xiàn)了從“數(shù)量”增長到“質(zhì)量”提升的轉(zhuǎn)變,江蘇省船企不再僅僅停留于“以噸位論英雄”的階段,而是將更多精力放在打造高效、高質(zhì)量精品船舶上,并通過內(nèi)部挖潛切實開展降本增效,有更多的船配企業(yè)開始重研發(fā)、求創(chuàng)新,不斷補齊配套短板,致力打造江蘇造船強省。
在江蘇省南通、泰州、揚州市這三大造船地區(qū)綿延數(shù)百公里的長江岸線上,過去是一片焊花飛濺、機器轟鳴的繁忙景象,如今顯得格外冷清,有些船企大門緊閉,有些船企碼頭現(xiàn)場零散的堆放著船舶分段,還有些船企終因“訂單荒”撐不下去,而導致停產(chǎn)、破產(chǎn)。
“造船產(chǎn)能過剩、供大于求必然導致行業(yè)虧本接單、飲鴆止渴式的惡性競爭?!苯K省船舶工業(yè)行業(yè)協(xié)會相關(guān)負責人表示,全國造船完工量最高峰是2011年,達到7673萬載重噸,當年江蘇省造船完工量是2793萬載重噸,也是歷史最高峰,但即使如此,我國的造船產(chǎn)能至少還有20%沒有完全釋放。該負責人指出,江蘇作為造船大省,在嚴酷的市場考驗下,提升管理、創(chuàng)新研發(fā)是企業(yè)生存和發(fā)展的必由之路。
為進一步優(yōu)化資源配置,提高產(chǎn)業(yè)集中度,自去年以來,江蘇省船舶工業(yè)主管部門開始實施“關(guān)、停、改”的舉措,大力淘汰落后產(chǎn)能。江蘇省南通、靖江、揚州等重點造船市也積極落實過剩產(chǎn)能化解任務。南通市經(jīng)濟和信息化委員會副主任閆靜翔表示,2016年,南通市積極落實過剩產(chǎn)能化解工作,該市振華重工(啟東)海洋工程有限公司和江蘇京滬重工有限公司收購、消化江蘇道達和江蘇啟亞造船產(chǎn)能,并列入江蘇省化解過剩產(chǎn)能專項,通過了項目驗收。同時,該市多個部門聯(lián)合開展船舶產(chǎn)能過剩行業(yè)建設(shè)項目清理整頓工作,南通市共有27個船舶項目通過備案審查。此外,靖江市利用《規(guī)范條件》實施船企產(chǎn)能整合、重組的有利時機,依托該市已經(jīng)形成的產(chǎn)業(yè)格局和專業(yè)協(xié)作基礎(chǔ),努力消化、整合、淘汰過剩產(chǎn)能。通過合資、產(chǎn)權(quán)流轉(zhuǎn)和股權(quán)置換等多種形式,擇機兼并重組,做優(yōu)做強造船業(yè)。
對此,國家開發(fā)銀行江蘇省分行相關(guān)負責人指出,國內(nèi)目前仍處于持續(xù)的“去產(chǎn)能”階段,國內(nèi)造船廠去產(chǎn)能的幅度在20%-30%左右,未來產(chǎn)能過剩壓力將有所緩解,我國船舶行業(yè)的集中度有望進一步提高,這些舉措將對造船行業(yè)有一定的提振效果,對于支撐船價有望產(chǎn)生正面作用。在當前船舶制造業(yè)產(chǎn)能過剩,行業(yè)內(nèi)集中度加大的背景下,行業(yè)內(nèi)并購重組是大勢所趨。國開行江蘇分行貫徹去產(chǎn)能政策,充分利用貸款期限長、利率相對低等優(yōu)勢,積極配合相關(guān)項目評審,為優(yōu)質(zhì)企業(yè)提供并購資金支持,支持江蘇造船業(yè)兼并重組。
對此,業(yè)內(nèi)相關(guān)人士表示,目前,造船業(yè)依舊面臨著產(chǎn)能過剩和大洗牌重組的嚴峻形勢,加快推進“三去一降一補”工作,有助于提升江蘇造船業(yè)的產(chǎn)業(yè)集中度,提升該省大型骨干船舶企業(yè)的綜合競爭力,為培育企業(yè)品牌、產(chǎn)品品牌和區(qū)域品牌奠定堅實的基礎(chǔ)。
“江蘇省造船業(yè)在去產(chǎn)能的同時,更要重視補短板,要加快發(fā)展船舶與海洋工程裝備配套企業(yè),做精船舶配套產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈?!?中國船級社江蘇分社總經(jīng)理范強表示,要勇于創(chuàng)新,大力開發(fā)自主品牌配套產(chǎn)品,不斷提升配套產(chǎn)品的競爭力,提高本土產(chǎn)品的配套率,降低造船成本。目前,江蘇省已有一些優(yōu)秀的配套企業(yè)在朝著這個方向努力,并取得階段性成果。
江蘇不僅是造船大省,還是配套大省。據(jù)不完全統(tǒng)計,國內(nèi)60%的船配企業(yè)聚集在江蘇。積極實施“產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈”補短板,大力發(fā)展高端配套,打造特色鮮明的配套產(chǎn)業(yè)基地已成為江蘇船舶工業(yè)“十三五”發(fā)展高端配套的重點之一。對此,在高端配套領(lǐng)域,江蘇省船舶工業(yè)下一步將重點發(fā)展三大板塊:一是推動優(yōu)勢配套產(chǎn)品集成化、智能化、模塊化發(fā)展,滿足船用設(shè)備耐低溫及低溫、止裂等原材料需求,掌握核心設(shè)計制造技術(shù);二是加快船舶和海工配套自主品牌產(chǎn)品開發(fā)和產(chǎn)業(yè)化;三是掌握海洋工程裝備關(guān)鍵系統(tǒng)配套技術(shù),包括鉆井系統(tǒng)集成技術(shù)、動力定位系統(tǒng)集成技術(shù)、鉆井包以及大型甲板機械設(shè)計與制造技術(shù)等。主要有動力系統(tǒng)、機電控制設(shè)備、海工裝備專用設(shè)備、水下生產(chǎn)系統(tǒng)及關(guān)鍵設(shè)備等。
此外,2015年,江蘇省人民政府印發(fā)了《中國制造2025江蘇行動綱要》通知,其中,在海洋工程裝備和高端船舶領(lǐng)域,將重點突破綠色高技術(shù)船型研制技術(shù),提升前端工程設(shè)計和基礎(chǔ)設(shè)計能力,重點發(fā)展浮式生產(chǎn)儲卸裝置、工程作業(yè)船、起重鋪管船、水下工程裝備等,大力發(fā)展動力及傳動系統(tǒng)、通訊導航定位系統(tǒng)、電子電控系統(tǒng)等海洋工程及遠洋船舶關(guān)鍵技術(shù)和設(shè)備。這些均是江蘇造船業(yè)今后亟需爬坡邁坎待攻關(guān)的項目。特別是在船舶開發(fā)設(shè)計關(guān)鍵技術(shù)領(lǐng)域,江蘇船舶工業(yè)還將著力抓好相關(guān)領(lǐng)域的關(guān)鍵技術(shù)積累和提升,重點開展船舶性能優(yōu)化、節(jié)能與新能源、智能船舶技術(shù)等關(guān)鍵領(lǐng)域的技術(shù)突破,掌握一批行業(yè)核心和共性技術(shù)。主要包括流體力學(CFD)線型優(yōu)化技術(shù)、船舶總體多學科優(yōu)化設(shè)計技術(shù)、結(jié)構(gòu)輕量化設(shè)計技術(shù)、振動和噪音風險及預報技術(shù)、船機槳匹配及節(jié)能優(yōu)化技術(shù)等。
江蘇省經(jīng)信委副主任秦雁表示,“十三五”期間江蘇省船舶行業(yè)要堅持做強主業(yè),更加注重軟實力建設(shè)以及全產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈的協(xié)同,補短板,調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu),加快轉(zhuǎn)型升級,進一步優(yōu)化產(chǎn)業(yè)布局,促進優(yōu)質(zhì)資源向優(yōu)勢企業(yè)集聚、向推進產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈高端化傾斜;積極實施“產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈”補短板,大力發(fā)展高端配套,打造特色鮮明的配套產(chǎn)業(yè)基地,促進船舶與海洋工程裝備企業(yè)與配套企業(yè)戰(zhàn)略合作,構(gòu)建完備的配套產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈體系?!?/p>
Jiangsu shipbuilding industry has realized transformation of quantitative growth to qualitative improvement in line with the industry accelerating transformation and upgrade and merger and reorganization. Jiangsu ship enterprises do not stay on the stage of "assessing hero with tonnage", rather they spend more time on building efficient, quality and competitive ships, practically reduce cost and increase efficiency by tapping internal potential, more ship enterprises have started to pay attention to R&D, pursue innovation, constantly repair short slabs of marine equipment, dedicated to build a powerful province of shipbuilding.
In order to further optimize resource allocation and improve industrial concentration, the provincial competent authorities have since last year started to implement "close, stop and change" moves, vigorously eliminate out-ofdate capacity. Key shipbuilding markets in Jiangsu -- Nantong, Jingjiang and Yangzhou -- have been actively performing the task of dissolving surplus capacity. An industry source said the industry is still facing the tough situation of overcapacity and major reshuffling and recombination, expediting decapacity and improving weak links will help uplift industrial concentration in the local industry, improve comprehensive competitiveness of large backbone shipbuilding enterprises and pave the way for nurturing corporate brands, product brands and regional brands.
"The local industry should pay more attention to improving weak links, speeding up development of marine and offshore engineering equipment enterprises and do fine in the marine equipment industrial chain in addition to decapacity." Fan Qiang, general manager of China Classification Society Jiangsu Branch, said the provincial industry should be bold enough to innovate, vigorously develop independent brand marine equipment products, constantly improve their competitiveness, raise local product matching rate and reduce shipbuilding cost. Currently, some good marine equipment manufacturers have worked in this direction and made interim achievements.
Jiangsu is not only a large shipbuilding province, but also a large marine equipment province. According to incomplete statistics, 60% of domestic marine equipment manufacturers are concentrated in Jiangsu. Actively improving weak links in the industrial chain, vigorously developing highend marine equipment and building a marine equipment industry base with distinguishing characteristics has become one of key points for the local industry to develop high-end marine equipment during the 13th Five-Year Plan period. In the high-end marine equipment sector, the local industry will prioritize three sectors. First, boost integrated, intelligent and modular development of advantageous marine equipment products, meet marine equipment requirements for low-temperature resistant, low temperature and crack arrest raw materials, grasp core design and manufacturing technology. Second, accelerate independent brand product development and industrialization of marine and offshore engineering equipment. Third, grasp matching technology of key systems for offshore engineering equipment, including drilling system integration technology, power positioning system integration technology, drilling package and large deck machine design and manufacturing technology, etc. They mainly include power system, electromechanical control equipment, offshore engineering equipment special equipment, underwater production system and key equipment, etc.
Jiangsu focuses on decapacity and improving weak links
By Wu Xiuxia