段姣雄,辛 然,李勁然,畢黎琦,朱明姬*
(吉林大學(xué)中日聯(lián)誼醫(yī)院 1.皮膚科;2.醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)管理部;3.風(fēng)濕免疫科,吉林 長(zhǎng)春130033)
*通訊作者
HMGB1在扁平苔蘚皮損中的異常分布
段姣雄1,辛 然2,李勁然1,畢黎琦3,朱明姬1*
(吉林大學(xué)中日聯(lián)誼醫(yī)院 1.皮膚科;2.醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)管理部;3.風(fēng)濕免疫科,吉林 長(zhǎng)春130033)
高遷移率族蛋白1(HMGB1)是體內(nèi)細(xì)胞處于穩(wěn)態(tài)時(shí),普遍存在于哺乳動(dòng)物細(xì)胞核內(nèi)的非組蛋白染色體結(jié)合蛋白,主要參與基因調(diào)節(jié)和轉(zhuǎn)錄[3]。當(dāng)外界有適當(dāng)?shù)男盘?hào)刺激細(xì)胞時(shí),HMGB1賴(lài)氨酸殘基被乙酰化,然后釋放到細(xì)胞外,參與炎癥反應(yīng)。已有研究表明HMGB1在各種炎癥性和自身免疫性疾病如系統(tǒng)性紅斑狼瘡(SLE)[2-5]、類(lèi)風(fēng)濕關(guān)節(jié)炎(RA)[6-8]、尋常型銀屑病(Psoriasis Vulgaris)、特應(yīng)性皮炎(atopic dermatitis)[9]中發(fā)揮重要作用。但其在扁平苔蘚發(fā)病機(jī)制中的作用未見(jiàn)報(bào)道,本研究探討了HMGB1在扁平苔蘚中的分布特點(diǎn)。
1.1 石蠟標(biāo)本
收集吉林大學(xué)中日聯(lián)誼醫(yī)院皮膚科2014-2015年具有完整資料的扁平苔蘚存檔石蠟標(biāo)本19例,分別是經(jīng)典型6例、急性泛發(fā)性3例、肥厚性3例、毛囊性1例、反向性2例、萎縮性2例、色素性2例。正常皮膚9例。
扁平苔蘚診斷基于臨床和組織病理學(xué)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。標(biāo)本采集前3周內(nèi)患者接受放射或免疫治療的排除在外。正常皮膚標(biāo)本取自9名外科手術(shù)后正常皮膚。每個(gè)標(biāo)本進(jìn)行病理學(xué)蘇木精-伊紅染色檢查,這項(xiàng)研究由吉林大學(xué)白求恩醫(yī)學(xué)部臨床研究倫理委員會(huì)批準(zhǔn)。
1.2 方法
Anti-HMGB1抗體 (ab79823 Abcam 美國(guó))。免疫組化方法按試劑盒說(shuō)明書(shū)操作。
1.3 結(jié)果分析
分別以細(xì)胞核、細(xì)胞漿(或細(xì)胞外)出現(xiàn)黑褐色或棕褐色顆粒為強(qiáng)陽(yáng)性表達(dá),棕黃色顆粒為陽(yáng)性染色,淺黃色為弱陽(yáng)性,無(wú)色為陰性表達(dá),隨機(jī)觀察5個(gè)具有代表性的高倍鏡視野,陽(yáng)性細(xì)胞(強(qiáng)陽(yáng)性+陽(yáng)性)百分比為5個(gè)視野陽(yáng)性細(xì)胞百分比的平均數(shù)。采用SPSS19.0版本,計(jì)量資料采用t檢驗(yàn)。
HMGB1在正常皮膚及扁平苔蘚皮損中的分布(見(jiàn)圖1、圖2)。在9例正常皮膚組織中,HMGB1在表皮細(xì)胞核中呈強(qiáng)陽(yáng)性,表皮細(xì)胞核陽(yáng)性細(xì)胞比率約為57 %,在19例扁平苔蘚皮損中,表皮細(xì)胞核陽(yáng)性細(xì)胞比率約為39%。HMGB1在正常表皮細(xì)胞漿及細(xì)胞間隙為陰性;在19例扁平苔蘚表皮細(xì)胞胞漿及細(xì)胞間隙可見(jiàn)陽(yáng)性分布,陽(yáng)性分布主要位于扁平苔蘚皮損基底層液化變性區(qū)域外圍即扁平苔蘚皮損正常區(qū)域到基底層細(xì)胞完全液化變性前的區(qū)域。
在正常皮膚中,多數(shù)角質(zhì)形成細(xì)胞細(xì)胞核強(qiáng)陽(yáng)性表達(dá),細(xì)胞漿及細(xì)胞間隙為陰性
圖1 正常皮膚組織HMGB1 免疫組化組織病理像(a:×100 b:×400)
扁平苔蘚作為一種由T 細(xì)胞介導(dǎo)的自身免疫反應(yīng)性疾病[10],多種炎性介質(zhì)參與了LP的發(fā)病[11]。 HMGB1在扁平苔蘚角質(zhì)形成細(xì)胞核中減少,胞漿及細(xì)胞外增多。急性泛發(fā)性L(fǎng)P、肥厚性 LP、反向性L(fǎng)P、毛囊LP及唇黏膜LP皮損內(nèi)明顯,扁平苔蘚皮損基底層液化變性區(qū)域外圍即扁平苔蘚皮損正常區(qū)域到基底層細(xì)胞完全液化變性前的區(qū)域胞漿及細(xì)胞外增多明顯,基底層完全液化變性甚至消失處細(xì)胞核中減少。
HMGB1在扁平苔蘚皮損胞漿中增多可能是作為一種致炎因子由細(xì)胞核遷移到細(xì)胞漿、進(jìn)而釋放到細(xì)胞外,參與局部或全身炎癥反應(yīng)。表皮角質(zhì)形成細(xì)胞中的HMGB1由細(xì)胞核釋放到胞漿而引起核中量減少,提示LP中細(xì)胞外HMGB1主要來(lái)源于角質(zhì)形成細(xì)胞的釋放,且其表達(dá)在炎癥過(guò)程存在動(dòng)態(tài)變化,隨著炎癥反應(yīng)階段、范圍的不同而發(fā)生量及分布部位的改變。在LP早期,角質(zhì)形成細(xì)胞因各種刺激主動(dòng)釋放HMGB1,HMGB1在角質(zhì)形成細(xì)胞胞漿及細(xì)胞外增多,與下游的表達(dá)增高的受體TLR2、TLR4、TLR9[12,13]、CXCR4[14]等結(jié)合后,促進(jìn)T細(xì)胞趨化作用、炎癥反應(yīng)。隨著炎癥進(jìn)展,導(dǎo)致角質(zhì)形成細(xì)胞損傷、凋亡,基底層液化變性,HMGB1再次釋放,形成正反饋。角質(zhì)形成細(xì)胞核、胞漿及細(xì)胞外表達(dá)較前明顯減少。當(dāng)炎癥反應(yīng)漸漸消退,皮損進(jìn)入恢復(fù)階段,HMGB1在表皮中的分布漸漸趨于正常。
扁平苔蘚皮損中HMGB1在角質(zhì)形成細(xì)胞胞核陽(yáng)性、胞漿、細(xì)胞間隙表達(dá)仍陽(yáng)性
此外,HMGB1 參與調(diào)節(jié)Treg 細(xì)胞的活化及遷移趨化[4,15]以及Treg 細(xì)胞誘導(dǎo)的Th1向Th2細(xì)胞的漂移[16],這可能也與LP皮損中Foxp3的異常增多[17]及口腔LP患者血清及唾液中IFN -γ/IL-4降低[18]有關(guān)。
由此看來(lái),阻斷HMGB1的釋放可能是治療LP的有效途徑。目前,已知能阻斷HMGB1釋放的物質(zhì)近100種[19],其中甘草甜素[20,21]等在治療LP時(shí)的確獲得了較好的療效。
本研究首次探討了HMGB1在LP皮損中表達(dá)及分布情況,我們認(rèn)為HMGB1在LP皮損角質(zhì)形成細(xì)胞胞漿中的增多是LP的發(fā)病過(guò)程中非常重要的環(huán)節(jié),HMGB1在扁平苔癬的發(fā)病機(jī)制中起非常重要的作用,其確切的機(jī)制有待進(jìn)一步研究。阻斷HMGB1的釋放可能是治療LP的有效途徑。
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