劉莉平+漆婷婕+彭冰華+左武
摘 要 目的:探討早期進(jìn)食及活動(dòng)干預(yù)對(duì)腹腔鏡膽囊切除術(shù)后患者胃腸功能恢復(fù)的影響。方法:收集2013年4月至2016年2月接治的膽囊良性病變患者98例,按照入院順序抽簽后隨機(jī)分為試驗(yàn)組和對(duì)照組各49例。兩組均行腹腔鏡膽囊切除術(shù),對(duì)照組給予常規(guī)術(shù)后護(hù)理;試驗(yàn)組除給予常規(guī)術(shù)后護(hù)理外,還進(jìn)行早期進(jìn)食干預(yù)和活動(dòng)干預(yù)。觀察兩組患者胃腸功能恢復(fù)情況、滿意度、血清胃腸激素水平變化情況。結(jié)果:試驗(yàn)組術(shù)后腸鳴音恢復(fù)時(shí)間、肛門首次排氣時(shí)間、肛門首次排便時(shí)間、術(shù)后住院時(shí)間分別為(9.75±1.88)h、(24.58±4.76)h、(44.28±6.33)h和(3.04±1.02)d,對(duì)照組分別為(12.29±3.24)h、(31.19±4.88)h、(52.59±8.74)h和(4.89±1.55)d,組間差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。試驗(yàn)組的服務(wù)態(tài)度、護(hù)理操作、醫(yī)療環(huán)境、知識(shí)宣教滿意度評(píng)分分別為(95.68±6.33)分、(97.58±4.85)分、(96.38±7.44)分和(94.58±5.34)分,對(duì)照組分別為(77.79±6.52)分、(75.58±5.33)分、(80.04±4.78)分和(79.68±6.51)分,組間差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。兩組術(shù)后胃動(dòng)素、胃泌素和生長抑素水平均低于術(shù)前,血管活性腸肽水平高于術(shù)前(P<0.05),且試驗(yàn)組優(yōu)于對(duì)照組(P<0.05)。結(jié)論:早期進(jìn)食及活動(dòng)干預(yù)對(duì)腹腔鏡膽囊切除術(shù)后患者胃腸功能恢復(fù)有積極影響,臨床應(yīng)用價(jià)值較高。
關(guān)鍵詞 胃腸功能;早期進(jìn)食;活動(dòng)干預(yù);腹腔鏡膽囊切除術(shù);恢復(fù)
中圖分類號(hào):R657.4 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼:A 文章編號(hào):1006-1533(2017)08-0028-03
Effect of early eating and active intervention on the recovery of gastrointestinal function after laparoscopic cholecystectomy
LIU Liping, QI Tingjie, PENG Binghua, ZUO Wu(Xingang Central Hospital, Xinyu 338000, Jiangxi Province, China)
ABSTRACT Objective: To investigate the effect of early food intake and active intervention on the recovery of gastrointestinal function after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Methods: From April 2013 to February 2016, 98 cases of benign gallbladder disease received treatment were collected, and after drawing according to the sequence of admission were randomly divided into an experimental group and a control group with 49 cases each. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy was performed in the two groups. The control group was given the routine postoperative nursing, and in addition to the routine nursing after the operation, the experimental group received early feeding intervention and active intervention. The recovery of gastrointestinal function, the degree of satisfaction and the change of serum gastrointestinal hormones level were observed in the two groups. Results: The postoperative recovery time of bowel sound, anal exhaust time, first defecation time and postoperative hospitalization time of the experimental group were (9.75±1.88)h, (24.58±4.76)h, (44.28±6.33) and (3.04±1.02)d, respectively. The differences between the two groups were statistically significant(P<0.05). The service attitude, nursing operation, medical environment, knowledge education and satisfaction scores of the experimental group were (95.68±6.33), (97.58±4.85), (96.38±7.44) and (94.58±5.34), respectively, and those of the control group were (77.79±6.52), (75.58±5.33), (80.04±4.78) and (79.68±6.51). The differences between the two groups were statistically significant(P<0.05). Motilin, gastrin and somatostatin levels of the two groups were lower than those before operation. The level of vasoactive intestinal peptide was higher than that before operation(P<0.05). The experimental group was better than the control group(P<0.05). Conclusion: Early feeding and active intervention have the positive effect on the recovery of gastrointestinal function after laparoscopic cholecystectomy, which has significant value in the clinical practice.
隨著微創(chuàng)技術(shù)的不斷發(fā)展,腹腔鏡膽囊切除術(shù)作為膽道外科常用手術(shù),是臨床治療膽囊良性疾病的主要方式[1]。由于腹腔鏡膽囊切除術(shù)對(duì)患者術(shù)后的胃腸功能影響較小,成為治療膽囊良性疾病的首選方式。本文報(bào)道對(duì)行腹腔鏡膽囊切除術(shù)后患者給予適當(dāng)早期干預(yù)的效果。
1 資料與方法
1.1 一般資料
收集2013年4月至2016年2月新余新鋼中心醫(yī)院接治的膽囊良性病變患者98例,均經(jīng)肝膽超聲檢查確診,按照入院順序抽簽后將患者隨機(jī)分為試驗(yàn)組和對(duì)照組。試驗(yàn)組中男30例,女19例,年齡30~56歲,平均(40.58±7.33)歲;膽囊息肉7例,急性膽囊炎20例,慢性膽囊炎22例。對(duì)照組中男29例,女20例,年齡32~56歲,平均(41.28±7.14)歲;膽囊息肉8例,急性膽囊炎20例,慢性膽囊炎21例。兩組患者一般資料相比差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。所有患者均符合手術(shù)指征,簽署知情同意協(xié)議書。排除精神疾病、合并其他炎癥疾病者。
1.2 方法
兩組患者均在全麻下行腹腔鏡膽囊切除術(shù),對(duì)照組進(jìn)行常規(guī)術(shù)后護(hù)理,包括呼吸道護(hù)理、口腔護(hù)理、健康教育等;試驗(yàn)組在給予術(shù)后護(hù)理基礎(chǔ)上,進(jìn)行早期進(jìn)食和活動(dòng)干預(yù)。早期進(jìn)食干預(yù)為術(shù)后6 h,患者進(jìn)食少量流食(白開水或米湯),以刺激患者胃腸道收縮、分泌,促進(jìn)胃腸功能恢復(fù)。24 h后,患者進(jìn)食低脂肪、低糖半流食,以少食多餐為原則,循序漸進(jìn)。早期活動(dòng)干預(yù)為術(shù)后患者清醒后,在床上進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)單的軀體活動(dòng),利于血液循環(huán)恢復(fù);術(shù)后6 h,鼓勵(lì)并幫助患者進(jìn)行早期下床活動(dòng),促進(jìn)胃腸道分泌。
觀察兩組患者胃腸功能恢復(fù)情況、早期進(jìn)食及活動(dòng)干預(yù)滿意度、血清胃腸激素水平變化情況。血清胃腸激素指胃動(dòng)素(MTL)、胃泌素(GAS)、血管活性腸肽(VIP)和生長抑素(SS)。滿意度評(píng)分的分值滿分為100分,分值越高,表示患者對(duì)治療越滿意。
1.3 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法
采用SPSS 22.0軟件進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析,計(jì)量資料用 x±s表示,行t檢驗(yàn),計(jì)數(shù)資料用百分比(%)表示,行χ2檢驗(yàn),P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2 結(jié)果
2.1 兩組胃腸功能恢復(fù)情況
試驗(yàn)組術(shù)后腸鳴音恢復(fù)時(shí)間、肛門首次排氣時(shí)間、肛門首次排便時(shí)間、術(shù)后住院時(shí)間均低于對(duì)照組(P<0.05,表1)。
2.2 兩組滿意度
試驗(yàn)組在服務(wù)態(tài)度、護(hù)理操作、醫(yī)療環(huán)境、知識(shí)宣教滿意度評(píng)分均高于對(duì)照組(P<0.05,表2)。
2.3 兩組血清胃腸激素水平
術(shù)后兩組MTL、GAS、SS水平均低于術(shù)前,VIP水平高于術(shù)前,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。試驗(yàn)組術(shù)后MTL、GAS、SS水平高于對(duì)照組,VIP水平低于對(duì)照組,組間差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05,表3)。
3 討論
臨床在治療膽囊良性疾病時(shí)多采取手術(shù)治療,與傳統(tǒng)治療方法相比,腹腔鏡膽囊切除術(shù)切口小,對(duì)機(jī)體損傷小,術(shù)后恢復(fù)快[2-4]。雖然,腹腔鏡膽囊切除術(shù)對(duì)患者的胃腸道無明顯損傷和刺激,但作為一種有創(chuàng)操作,術(shù)中對(duì)胃腸道的牽拉等,會(huì)使患者術(shù)后出現(xiàn)胃腸道蠕動(dòng)功能麻痹、惡心、腹痛、腹脹等情況[5-6],尤其以術(shù)后腹脹較為常見。
出現(xiàn)術(shù)后腹脹等情況會(huì)增加患者的痛苦,影響手術(shù)治療效果。本研究對(duì)患者進(jìn)行早期進(jìn)食和活動(dòng)干預(yù),明顯改善了患者術(shù)后胃腸功能情況,治療效果得到提高。本研究顯示,試驗(yàn)組術(shù)后腸鳴音恢復(fù)時(shí)間、肛門首次排氣時(shí)間、肛門首次排便時(shí)間和術(shù)后住院時(shí)間均低于對(duì)照組(P<0.05)。試驗(yàn)組在服務(wù)態(tài)度、護(hù)理操作、醫(yī)療環(huán)境、知識(shí)宣教滿意度方面,均優(yōu)于對(duì)照組(P<0.05),提示對(duì)患者進(jìn)行早期進(jìn)食和活動(dòng)干預(yù)有一定的積極意義。
早期進(jìn)食和早期活動(dòng)干預(yù)可刺激患者胃腸道收縮運(yùn)動(dòng)和反射運(yùn)動(dòng),加快胃腸蠕動(dòng)與分泌,利于及早恢復(fù)正常飲食[7-9]。本研究顯示,試驗(yàn)組術(shù)后MTL、GAS、SS水平高于對(duì)照組,VIP水平低于對(duì)照組手術(shù)后(P<0.05)。MTL、GAS、SS是與胃腸道功能密切相關(guān)的胃腸道激素,由胃腸道內(nèi)的M細(xì)胞和G細(xì)胞分泌,通過調(diào)節(jié)胃腸道周期性收縮活動(dòng),發(fā)揮胃腸道的消化、吸收功能[10-11]。胃腸道激素水平越高,胃蠕動(dòng)越明顯。VIP是神經(jīng)遞質(zhì)的一種,對(duì)胃液的分泌有抑制作用,其水平降低,表明胃液分泌較好[12]。
總之,早期進(jìn)食及活動(dòng)干預(yù)對(duì)腹腔鏡膽囊切除術(shù)后患者胃腸功能恢復(fù)有積極影響,能縮短患者腸鳴音恢復(fù)時(shí)間、肛門首次排氣時(shí)間、肛門首次排便時(shí)間和術(shù)后住院時(shí)間,提高患者服務(wù)態(tài)度、護(hù)理操作、醫(yī)療環(huán)境、知識(shí)宣教滿意度,改善MTL、GAS、SS、VIP水平,臨床應(yīng)用價(jià)值較高。
參考文獻(xiàn)
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