鄒斌,吳霞,周學亮,詹宇亮,賴松青,劉季春
(南昌大學第一附屬醫(yī)院,南昌330006)
穩(wěn)定表達Notch1胞內(nèi)結(jié)構(gòu)域肺腺癌細胞株的構(gòu)建及鑒定
鄒斌,吳霞,周學亮,詹宇亮,賴松青,劉季春
(南昌大學第一附屬醫(yī)院,南昌330006)
目的 構(gòu)建Notch1胞內(nèi)結(jié)構(gòu)域(N1ICD)穩(wěn)定表達的肺腺癌A549細胞株。方法 采用PCR方法擴增N1ICD基因,構(gòu)建慢病毒重組質(zhì)粒pHBLV-N1ICD-ZsGreen-Puro(LV-N1ICD),采用PCR和基因測序鑒定重組質(zhì)粒。高純度無內(nèi)毒素抽提慢病毒重組質(zhì)粒和輔助包裝原件載體質(zhì)粒,使用慢病毒空載質(zhì)粒(LV-ZsGreen-Puro)和LV-N1ICD共轉(zhuǎn)染293T細胞包裝慢病毒,利用藥物篩選法測定病毒滴度。將A549細胞分成A549-N1ICD組和A549-ZsGreen-Puro組,分別加入LV-N1ICD和LV-ZsGreen-Puro,取制備好的慢病毒感染A549細胞,加入嘌呤霉素篩選穩(wěn)定轉(zhuǎn)染細胞株,熒光顯微鏡觀察轉(zhuǎn)染效率,以帶有綠色熒光的細胞初步視為穩(wěn)定轉(zhuǎn)染的細胞株。以A549細胞為對照組,進一步采用qPCR和Western blot方法分別檢測N1ICD mRNA及蛋白表達。結(jié)果 PCR及基因測序結(jié)果表明pHBLV-N1ICD-ZsGreen-Puro重組質(zhì)粒構(gòu)建成功。LV-N1ICD組病毒滴度為1×108TU/mL,LV-ZsGreen-Puro組病毒滴度為1×108TU/mL。經(jīng)嘌呤霉素篩選后,熒光顯微鏡下觀察細胞形態(tài)無明顯變化,A549-ZsGreen-Puro組和A549-N1ICD組70%~80%的細胞帶有綠色熒光。對照組、A549-ZsGreen-Puro組、A549-N1ICD組的N1ICD mRNA相對表達量分別為1.59±0.11、1.09±0.10、70.81±6.39,A549-N1ICD組高于其他兩組(P均<0.01)。三組N1ICD蛋白相對表達量分別為1.99±0.13、1.73±0.08、6.58±0.43,A549-N1ICD組高于其他兩組(P均<0.01)。結(jié)論 成功構(gòu)建了穩(wěn)定表達N1ICD的肺腺癌A549細胞株。
肺腺癌;Notch蛋白;胞內(nèi)結(jié)構(gòu)域;慢病毒重組質(zhì)粒
Notch信號通路是鄰近細胞間重要的信息傳遞方式。Notch蛋白是一種跨膜受體蛋白,包括膜外結(jié)構(gòu)域、跨膜結(jié)構(gòu)域及胞內(nèi)結(jié)構(gòu)域(ICD)。當Notch受體與細胞膜表面的配體結(jié)合后,Notch信號通路被激活,隨后受體的ICD被釋放進入細胞核,激活下游靶基因,在細胞增殖、分化及凋亡中發(fā)揮重要作用[1]。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),非小細胞肺癌(NSCLC)患者Notch1信號通路異常是相對頻繁的生物學事件[2],對NSCLC的細胞生物學行為(腫瘤發(fā)生、增殖、凋亡等)具有重要影響[3,4],且Notch1信號分子表達與NSCLC患者的預(yù)后相關(guān)[5~7]。2016年4~7月,我們通過慢病毒感染在肺腺癌A549細胞株中構(gòu)建穩(wěn)定表達的Notch1胞內(nèi)結(jié)構(gòu)域(N1ICD),為進一步探討Notch1信號通路在NSCLC中的生物學作用奠定基礎(chǔ)。
1.1 材料 肺腺癌A549細胞株、人胚腎293T細胞株購自ATCC公司;大腸桿菌菌株DH5α購自Invitrogen公司;慢病毒包裝系統(tǒng)pHBLV-ZsGreen-Puro,輔助包裝質(zhì)粒pSPAX2、pMD2G購自Hanbio公司。限制性內(nèi)切酶、DNA ladder,F(xiàn)ermentas公司;一步式克隆試劑盒,南京諾唯贊生物科技有限公司;瓊脂糖凝膠回收試劑盒,Axygen公司;質(zhì)粒DNA大抽提取試劑盒,Qiagen公司;LipofiterTM,Hanbio公司;RPMI1640培養(yǎng)基、0.25%胰蛋白酶,Solarbio公司;胎牛血清,Gibco公司;嘌呤霉素,Sigma公司;Reverse Transcriptase,QPCR mix,TOYOBO公司;兔抗activated Notch1多克隆抗體,Abcam公司;鼠抗β-actin單克隆抗體,Cell signaling technology公司;辣根過氧化物酶標記的山羊抗兔、山羊抗鼠抗體,北京中杉金橋生物技術(shù)有限公司;SuperSignal?West Femto試劑盒,Thermo scientific公司。實時熒光定量PCR儀(Roche,LightCycler 96);蛋白電泳儀(Bio-Rad);化學發(fā)光成像系統(tǒng)(GE,LAS4000)。
1.2 慢病毒重組質(zhì)粒的構(gòu)建及鑒定 根據(jù)基因庫中的人Notch1基因編碼序列(NCBI Reference Sequence:NM_017617.3),Primer Premier 5.0設(shè)計N1ICD克隆引物,上游引物:5′-GGATCTATTTCCGGTGAATTCGCCACCATGCTGCTGTCCCGCAA-3′;下游引物:5′-GGATCCGCGGCCGCTTCTAGACTTGAAGGCCTCCGGAAT-3′,EcoRⅠ、XbaⅠ酶切位點由Hanbio公司合成。PCR法獲得N1ICD片段,1%瓊脂糖凝膠電泳鑒定PCR產(chǎn)物。處理好的目的片段N1ICD及pHBLV-ZsGreen-Puro載體行重組反應(yīng),生成重組慢病毒pHBLV-N1ICD-ZsGreen-Puro(LV-N1ICD),轉(zhuǎn)化化學感受態(tài)細胞DH5α,接種于含100 μg/mL氨芐青霉素的LB平板培養(yǎng)皿過夜,第2天挑選單克隆菌落,加入含氨芐青霉素的LB液態(tài)培養(yǎng)基,37 ℃培養(yǎng)14 h,進行PCR及測序鑒定。
1.3 慢病毒包裝、濃縮及滴度測定 制備好的慢病毒重組質(zhì)粒及其輔助包裝原件載體質(zhì)粒pSPAX2、pMD2G使用大抽試劑盒進行高純度無內(nèi)毒素抽提,分成慢病毒空載組(LV-ZsGreen-Puro)和LV-N1ICD組,兩組共轉(zhuǎn)染293T細胞,加入LipofiterTM轉(zhuǎn)染試劑,轉(zhuǎn)染后6 h更換為完全培養(yǎng)基,分別于培養(yǎng)48、72 h收集2次病毒,將病毒離心濃縮。采用藥物篩選法測定病毒滴度。將病毒進行3倍梯度稀釋,連續(xù)6個稀釋度,分別加入生長狀態(tài)良好的293T細胞,24 h后,將培養(yǎng)液更換為含嘌呤霉素2.5 μg/mL的培養(yǎng)液。48 h后在顯微鏡下觀察結(jié)果,以活細胞10%~30%的孔計算病毒滴度。病毒滴度=細胞數(shù)×感染復數(shù)(MOI)×病毒稀釋倍數(shù)×103。
1.4 慢病毒載體介導N1ICD穩(wěn)定表達A549細胞株篩選 將A549細胞按5×105/孔加入6孔板,分成A549-N1ICD組和A549-ZsGreen-Puro組,分別加入LV-N1ICD和LV-ZsGreen-Puro。先加入含慢病毒(MOI=20)的半量培養(yǎng)液(含5 μg/mL聚凝胺),4 h后再補充另半量培養(yǎng)液(含5 μg/mL聚凝胺),24 h后換完全培養(yǎng)基。48 h后更換含嘌呤霉素2 μg/mL的完全培養(yǎng)液進行篩選,每隔2~3 d換液、傳代。由于該病毒同時帶有GFP報告基因及嘌呤霉素抗性基因,成功轉(zhuǎn)染后的細胞將存活,并在熒光顯微鏡下呈綠色熒光。反復篩選2周左右,帶有綠色熒光的細胞初步視為穩(wěn)定轉(zhuǎn)染的細胞株。
1.5 穩(wěn)定表達N1ICD的A549細胞株鑒定 取A549-N1ICD組和A549-ZsGreen-Puro組細胞,以A549細胞為對照組。
1.5.1 N1ICD mRNA檢測 采用qPCR方法。TRIzol法提取細胞總RNA,逆轉(zhuǎn)錄酶合成cDNA。以GAPDH為內(nèi)參基因,設(shè)計并合成引物。N1ICD引物序列為:上游5′-ACCAATACAACCCTCTGCGG-3′,下游5′-GGCCCTGGTAGCTCATCATC-3′;GAPDH引物序列為:上游5′-TCAAGGCTGAGAACGGGAAG-3′,下游5′-TCGCCCCACTTGATTTTGGA-3′。qPCR反應(yīng)條件:95 ℃ 3 min;95 ℃ 15 s,60 ℃ 15 s,72 ℃ 20 s,共40個循環(huán)。讀取基因擴增的Ct值,以GAPDH為內(nèi)參,采用2-ΔΔCt法計算N1ICD mRNA的相對表達量。
1.5.2 N1ICD蛋白檢測 采用Western blot法。使用細胞裂解液提取細胞總蛋白,BCA法測定蛋白濃度。聚丙烯酰胺凝膠電泳(SDS-PAGE)分離蛋白,分離膠濃度為10%。采用濕轉(zhuǎn)法將蛋白轉(zhuǎn)移到硝酸纖維素膜,5%牛奶室溫封閉1 h。分別加入稀釋的一抗、兔抗activated Notch1多克隆抗體(1∶500)、鼠抗β-actin單克隆抗體(1∶2 000),4 ℃過夜。加入辣根過氧化物酶標記的二抗(1∶2 000),室溫孵育1 h,化學發(fā)光成像系統(tǒng)檢測。Quantity One軟件對蛋白條帶進行半定量分析,以目標蛋白與β-actin的比值表示N1ICD蛋白的相對表達量。實驗重復3次取平均值。
1.6 統(tǒng)計學方法 采用SPSS17.0統(tǒng)計軟件。組間樣本比較采用Student-t檢驗。P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計學意義。
2.1 LV-N1ICD重組質(zhì)粒鑒定結(jié)果 PCR擴增N1ICD序列,1%瓊脂糖凝膠電泳,獲得一條與預(yù)計相符的特異性條帶(圖1)。擴增序列及pHBLV-CMVIE-ZsGreen-Puro載體經(jīng)酶切回收后進行重組反應(yīng),轉(zhuǎn)化化學感受態(tài)細胞DH5α,挑選單克隆菌落搖菌,菌液行PCR鑒定,可見一條與預(yù)計相符的特異性條帶(圖2)。陽性克隆菌液經(jīng)測序公司測序,與NCBI數(shù)據(jù)庫中基因序列對比分析,核苷酸序列完全一致。測序無突變的克隆命名為LV-N1ICD重組質(zhì)粒。
注:1為 N1ICD PCR產(chǎn)物;2為DNA Marker。
圖1 N1ICD PCR產(chǎn)物鑒定
注:1為DNA Marker;2~5為N1ICD單克隆PCR產(chǎn)物。
圖2 pHBLV- N1ICD-ZsGreen-Puro重組質(zhì)粒鑒定
2.2 N1ICD慢病毒滴度 LV-N1ICD組病毒稀釋倍數(shù)為30倍,活細胞數(shù)估計為4×103,MOI=1,滴度約為1×108TU/mL。LV-ZsGreen-Puro組病毒滴度為1×108TU/mL。
2.3 慢病毒載體介導N1ICD穩(wěn)定表達的A549細胞株篩選結(jié)果 經(jīng)嘌呤霉素篩選后,熒光顯微鏡下觀察細胞形態(tài)無明顯變化,A549-ZsGreen-Puro組和A549-N1ICD組70%~80%的細胞帶有綠色熒光。
2.4 穩(wěn)定表達N1ICD的A549細胞株鑒定結(jié)果 對照組、A549-ZsGreen-Puro組、A549-N1ICD組的N1ICD mRNA相對表達量分別為1.59±0.11,1.09±0.10,70.81±6.39,A549-N1ICD組高于其他兩組(P均<0.01)。三組N1ICD蛋白相對表達量分別為1.99±0.13、1.73±0.08、6.58±0.43,A549-N1ICD組高于其他兩組(P均<0.01)。提示慢病毒載體介導N1ICD穩(wěn)定表達的A549細胞株構(gòu)建成功。
Notch信號通路異常與多種惡性腫瘤相關(guān)[8~10]。其作為癌基因或抑癌基因在腫瘤形成過程中發(fā)揮重要作用。10%的NSCLC患者存在Notch1基因的激活突變,30%的NSCLC患者因抑制因子Numb下調(diào)導致N1ICD激活[2]。Meta分析顯示,Notch1高表達與淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移及更晚TNM分期相關(guān),Notch1表達與NSCLC總生存率呈負相關(guān),其靶基因Hes1的過表達與總生存率低相關(guān)[5]。然而,一些體外研究表明,Notch1信號通路對NSCLC細胞增殖和凋亡的影響取決于微環(huán)境[11~14]。例如,過表達N1ICD可誘導肺腺癌細胞凋亡,而在缺氧環(huán)境下,Notch1又可促進細胞增殖和存活[11,13]。因此,研究Notch1信號通路對NSCLC細胞的生物學影響,必須考慮腫瘤微環(huán)境因素。近年研究發(fā)現(xiàn),Notch信號通路在誘導和維持肺癌干細胞特性中發(fā)揮重要作用[15]。
慢病毒轉(zhuǎn)染系統(tǒng)是構(gòu)建穩(wěn)定過表達或干擾表達細胞系的主要方式[16]。慢病毒插入細胞基因組可獲得穩(wěn)定表達,持續(xù)時間較長。而腺病毒盡管滴度高、轉(zhuǎn)染效率較高,但其不整合到基因組,無法穩(wěn)定表達,不適合長周期實驗。本研究采用慢病毒作為載體,通過篩選穩(wěn)定轉(zhuǎn)染細胞株,解決其轉(zhuǎn)染效率低的問題。A549細胞是體內(nèi)、體外實驗常用的NSCLC細胞株,常規(guī)培養(yǎng)條件下A549細胞的N1ICD呈低表達狀態(tài)[11]。為研究Notch1信號通路對其生物學影響,選擇慢病毒過表達載體激活該信號通路是較好的方式。本研究應(yīng)用慢病毒載體系統(tǒng)先構(gòu)建pHBLV-N1ICD-ZsGreen-Puro重組質(zhì)粒,PCR鑒定及基因測序確保構(gòu)建的準確性。我們采用較低病毒濃度感染A549細胞,以盡量減小病毒對細胞活力的影響。利用該病毒帶有嘌呤霉素抗性,采用藥物篩選法篩選出穩(wěn)定轉(zhuǎn)染的細胞株。成功轉(zhuǎn)染后的細胞對嘌呤霉素產(chǎn)生抵抗,而未轉(zhuǎn)染的細胞對其敏感。經(jīng)反復藥物篩選,穩(wěn)定轉(zhuǎn)染的細胞存活。同時該病毒帶有GFP報告基因,成功轉(zhuǎn)染后的細胞將表達綠色熒光蛋白,在熒光顯微鏡下可以觀察到。本研究觀察到70%~80%的細胞呈綠色熒光,剩余細胞熒光較弱或未見熒光,這可能與未轉(zhuǎn)染的細胞原發(fā)性耐藥或者轉(zhuǎn)染后細胞活力降低有關(guān)。進一步行qPCR和Western blot檢測顯示A549-N1ICD組N1ICD水平明顯高于其他兩組。熒光顯微鏡、qPCR和Western blot結(jié)果共同驗證了N1ICD穩(wěn)定表達的肺腺癌細胞株構(gòu)建成功,從而為后續(xù)實驗奠定了良好的基礎(chǔ)。
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Construction and identification of lung adenocarcinoma cell line with stable expression of N1ICD
ZOUBin,WUXia,ZHOUXueliang,ZHANYuliang,LAISongqing,LIUJichun
(TheFirstAffiliatedHospitalofNanchangUniversity,Nanchang330006,China)
Objective To construct a lung adenocarcinoma cell line A549 with stable expression of Notch1 intracellular domain (N1ICD). Methods The N1ICD fragment was amplified by PCR, which was used to construct pHBLV-N1ICD-ZsGreen-Puro plasmid (LV-N1ICD). The recombinant plasmid was identified by PCR and gene sequencing. LV-N1ICD was packaged by transfection of 293T cells with recombinant plasmid and auxiliary plasmids which were purified without endotoxin extraction. Lentivirus empty plasmid(LV-ZsGreen-Puro)was also constructed. Drug screening method was used to determine the titer of LV-N1ICD and LV-ZsGreen-Puro. A549 cells were divided into A549-N1ICD group and A549-ZsGreen-Puro group. Puromycin was used to screen stable transfection cell line after infection of A549 cell with LV-N1ICD or LV-ZsGreen-Puro. Transfection efficiency was observed by fluorescence microscope and cells with green fluorescent were preliminarily identified as stable transfection cell lines. Taking A549 cells as the control group, and N1ICD mRNA and protein expression was further detected by qPCR and Western blotting, respectively. Results PCR and gene sequencing showed that pHBLV-N1ICD-ZsGreen-Puro plasmid was successfully constructed. The titer of LV-N1ICD was 1×108TU/mL and the LV-ZsGreen-Puro was 1×108TU/mL. Cells shape had no obvious changes and green fluorescence was detected in about 70%-80% cells of the A549-ZsGreen-Puro and A549-N1ICD group by fluorescence microscope after Puromycin screening. The N1ICD mRNA expression of the control group, A549-ZsGreen-Puro group and A549-N1ICD group was 1.59±0.11, 1.09±0.10 and 70.81±6.39, respectively and the N1ICD mRNA expression of the A549-N1ICD group was significant higher than that of the other two groups (allP<0.01). The N1ICD protein expression of the three groups was 1.99±0.13, 1.73±0.08 and 6.58±0.43, respectively and the N1ICD protein expression of the A549-N1ICD group was significant higher than that of the other two groups (allP<0.01).Conclusions A lung adenocarcinoma cell line A549 with stable expression of N1ICD was successfully constructed.
lung adenocarcinoma; Notch protein; intracellular domain; lentivirrus
國家自然科學基金資助項目(81570262);江西省研究生創(chuàng)新專項資金(YC2015-B009)。
鄒斌(1980-),主治醫(yī)師,博士研究生。主要研究方向為肺癌的綜合治療。E-mail: doctorzb@sina.cn
劉季春(1960-),博士,教授,主任醫(yī)師。主要研究方向為肺癌的綜合治療。E-mail: liujichun999@163.com
10.3969/j.issn.1002-266X.2017.06.002
R734.2
A
1002-266X(2017)06-0005-04
2016-09-24)