国产日韩欧美一区二区三区三州_亚洲少妇熟女av_久久久久亚洲av国产精品_波多野结衣网站一区二区_亚洲欧美色片在线91_国产亚洲精品精品国产优播av_日本一区二区三区波多野结衣 _久久国产av不卡

?

耳內(nèi)鏡下鼓膜置管術(shù)治療慢性分泌性中耳炎臨床分析

2017-06-08 20:31蘇娟吉曉濱謝景華李鵬
關(guān)鍵詞:分泌性中耳炎

蘇娟 吉曉濱 謝景華 李鵬

【摘要】 目的:觀察并分析耳內(nèi)鏡下鼓膜置管術(shù)治療慢性分泌性中耳炎的臨床療效。方法:選取76例慢性分泌性中耳炎患者作為研究對(duì)象,按照隨機(jī)數(shù)字表法將所有患者分為觀察組和對(duì)照組,每組38例,觀察組患者采用耳內(nèi)鏡下鼓膜置管術(shù)進(jìn)行治療,對(duì)照組采用耳內(nèi)鏡下鼓膜穿刺術(shù),對(duì)比兩組患者的臨床療效、術(shù)后并發(fā)癥和復(fù)發(fā)情況。結(jié)果:觀察組中耳積液時(shí)間為(7.92±0.98)d,對(duì)照組為(11.53±2.02)d,兩組比較差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(t=4.890,P=0.020);觀察組復(fù)發(fā)率為7.89%,明顯低于對(duì)照組的23.68%,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義( 字2=5.230,P=0.040);觀察組總有效率為94.74%,明顯高于對(duì)照組的68.42%,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義( 字2=6.710,P=0.010);觀察組術(shù)后并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率為7.89%,對(duì)照組為31.58%,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義( 字2=4.554,P=0.033)。結(jié)論:耳內(nèi)鏡下鼓膜置管術(shù)在慢性分泌性中耳炎治療中,具有安全可靠、臨床療效顯著、復(fù)發(fā)率低、并發(fā)癥少等優(yōu)點(diǎn),值得臨床推廣應(yīng)用。

【關(guān)鍵詞】 耳內(nèi)鏡; 分泌性中耳炎; 鼓膜置管術(shù); 鼓膜穿刺術(shù)

Clinical Analysis of Tube Insertion with Ear Endoscope in the Treatment of Chronic Secretory Otitis Media/SU Juan,JI Xiao-bin,XIE Jing-hua,et al.//Medical Innovation of China,2017,14(14):092-095

【Abstract】 Objective:To observe and analyze the clinical analysis of tube insertion with ear endoscope in the treatment of chronic secreory otitis media.Method:A total of 76 patients with chronic secreory otitis media were selected as the research subjects.According to the random number table method,all patients were divided into the observation group and the control group,38 cases in each group.The observation group received tube insertion with ear endoscope,the control group received auripucture with ear endoscope treatmet.The clinical curative effect,postoperative recurrence and complications of two groups were compared.Result:The middle ear effusion time of the observation group was (7.92±0.98)d, which was significantly shorter than (11.53±2.02)d of the control group(t=4.890,P=0.020).The recurrence rate of the observation group was 7.89%,which was significantly lower than 23.68% of the control group( 字2=5.230,P=0.040).The total effective rate of the observation group was 94.74%,the control group was 68.42%,the difference was statistically significant( 字2=6.710,P=0.010).The incidence rate of complication in the observation group was 7.89%,which was significantly lower than 31.58% in the control group( 字2=4.554,P=0.033).Conclusion:Tube insertion with ear endoscope is safe,reliable,effective,low recurrence rate and few complications in the treatment of chronic secreory otitis media,and it is worthy of clinical application.

【Key words】 Ear endoscope; Secreory otitis media; Tube insertion; Auripuncture

First-authors address:Guangzhou First Peoples Hospital,Guangzhou 510180,China

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-4985.2017.14.025

分泌性中耳炎(secreory otitis media)是以中耳積液(包括漿液,黏液,漿-黏液,而非血液或腦脊液)及聽(tīng)力下降為主要特征的中耳非化膿性炎性疾病[1]。目前將本病分為急性(3周以內(nèi))、亞急性(3周~3個(gè)月)和慢性(3個(gè)月以上)三種[2]。本病在小兒的發(fā)病率較高,是引起小兒聽(tīng)力下降的常見(jiàn)原因之一。病程較長(zhǎng)而未作治療的小兒患者,有可能影響言語(yǔ)發(fā)育、學(xué)習(xí)以及與他人交流的能力。目前臨床常用的手術(shù)治療方法有鼓膜穿刺術(shù)和鼓膜置管術(shù)。本研究采用隨機(jī)對(duì)照試驗(yàn),觀察分析耳內(nèi)鏡下鼓膜置管術(shù)治療慢性分泌性中耳炎的療效,現(xiàn)報(bào)道如下。

1 資料與方法

1.1 一般資料 選取本科2015年1月-2016年1月收治的76例慢性分泌性中耳炎患者作為研究對(duì)象。按照隨機(jī)數(shù)字表法將所有患者分為觀察組和對(duì)照組,每組38例,觀察組患者采用耳內(nèi)鏡下鼓膜置管術(shù)進(jìn)行治療,對(duì)照組采用耳內(nèi)鏡下鼓膜穿刺術(shù)。觀察組中,男22例,女16例,年齡8~53歲,平均(25.09±3.39)歲,病程2~15個(gè)月,平均(9.02±2.28)個(gè)月。對(duì)照組中,男23例,女

15例,年齡7~52歲,平均(22.58±3.12)歲,病程2~18個(gè)月,平均(10.01±1.19)個(gè)月。兩組一般資料比較,差異均無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),具有可比性。入選患者本人或家屬簽署知情同意書,依從性良好,能積極配合各項(xiàng)檢查、治療。

1.2 方法 觀察組給予耳內(nèi)鏡下鼓膜置管術(shù)。14歲以下小兒用全身麻醉,成人用1%丁卡因行局部麻醉。取平臥位,患耳向上,常規(guī)消毒、鋪巾。在耳內(nèi)鏡下,用鋒利的鼓膜切開刀在鼓膜前下方作放射狀或弧形切口,切口比通氣管外徑略長(zhǎng)0.2~0.4 mm。用吸引器吸盡鼓室內(nèi)液體。以中耳鉗夾持管之尾端,先將通氣管前端的一側(cè)插入鼓膜切口內(nèi),然后順勢(shì)將前端全部插入,或以尖針將前端推入切口內(nèi);尾端留置于鼓膜外,使通氣管嵌于鼓膜切口上。檢查通氣管的位置是否正確,必要時(shí)可用尖針作適當(dāng)?shù)恼{(diào)整。為防止通氣管脫落于鼓室后難以探尋,可于管之尾端系一黑絲線,以助辨識(shí)。外耳道內(nèi)置短碘仿紗條1根,24 h后取出。對(duì)照組實(shí)行耳內(nèi)鏡下鼓膜穿刺術(shù)?;颊邆?cè)坐,患耳朝向術(shù)者。耳廓及耳周用活力碘消毒;外耳道用75%酒精消毒。清除外耳道內(nèi)的耵聹。鼓膜表面以1%丁卡因麻醉。在耳內(nèi)鏡下,以針尖斜面較小的7號(hào)針頭,從鼓膜前下方或正下方刺入鼓室。固定針頭。用2 mL或5 mL注射器抽吸液體,吸盡為止。如液體黏稠,注射器不易吸出時(shí),可以試用電動(dòng)負(fù)壓吸引器從穿刺眼吸引,但負(fù)壓不可太大。以消毒棉球塞于外耳道口防治外源性感染。必要時(shí)可于1~2周后重復(fù)穿刺,亦可于抽液后注入糖皮質(zhì)激素藥物。術(shù)后隨訪時(shí)間為1年。

1.3 療效評(píng)價(jià)標(biāo)準(zhǔn) 顯效:耳痛、耳鳴等伴隨癥狀明顯改善,純音測(cè)聽(tīng)氣導(dǎo)閾值下降20 dB以上;有效:耳鳴、耳痛等癥狀有所改善,純音測(cè)聽(tīng)氣導(dǎo)閾值下降10~20 dB;無(wú)效:耳鳴、耳痛等癥狀無(wú)任何減輕,純音測(cè)聽(tīng)氣導(dǎo)閾值下降<10 dB[2]??傆行?(顯效例數(shù)+有效例數(shù))/總例數(shù)×100%。

1.4 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)處理 采用SPSS 20.0軟件對(duì)所得數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)分析,計(jì)量資料用(x±s)表示,比較采用t檢驗(yàn);計(jì)數(shù)資料以率(%)表示,比較采用 字2檢驗(yàn)。以P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。

2 結(jié)果

2.1 兩組中耳積液時(shí)間、復(fù)發(fā)率和臨床療效對(duì)比 觀察組中耳積液時(shí)間、復(fù)發(fā)率、總有效率與對(duì)照組相比,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),見(jiàn)表1。

2.2 兩組術(shù)后并發(fā)癥比較 觀察組并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率為7.89%,對(duì)照組為31.58%,兩組比較差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義( 字2=4.554,P=0.033),見(jiàn)表2。

3 討論

分泌性中耳炎(Secreory otitis media)是以中耳積液(包括漿液,黏液,漿-黏液,而非血液或腦脊液)及聽(tīng)力下降為主要特征的中耳非化膿性炎性疾病[1]。本病的其他名稱很多,均系根據(jù)其病理過(guò)程中的某一特點(diǎn),其中主要是根據(jù)積液產(chǎn)生的機(jī)制和液體的性質(zhì)而命名的,如滲出性中耳炎、滲液性中耳炎、漿液性中耳炎、黏液性中耳炎、卡他性中耳炎、咽鼓管鼓室卡他、漿液-黏液性中耳炎、咽鼓管鼓室炎、鼓室積水、非化膿性中耳炎以及黏液耳、分泌物極為黏稠者稱膠耳等。按照我國(guó)自然科學(xué)名詞審定委員會(huì)意見(jiàn)(1991)本病稱為分泌性中耳炎。

分泌性中耳炎可分為急性和慢性兩種。慢性分泌性中耳炎是由急性分泌性中耳炎未得到及時(shí)而恰當(dāng)?shù)闹委?,或由急性分泌性中耳炎反?fù)發(fā)作、遷延、轉(zhuǎn)化而來(lái)[2]。急性分泌性中耳炎遷延多久方轉(zhuǎn)化為慢性?尚無(wú)明確的時(shí)間限定,或謂8周以上,或稱3~6個(gè)月。目前將本病分為急性(3周以內(nèi))、亞急性(3周~3個(gè)月)和慢性(3個(gè)月以上)三種。本病為耳鼻喉常見(jiàn)疾病之一。冬春季多發(fā),兒童多見(jiàn),是兒童常見(jiàn)的致聾原因[3]。在上呼吸道感染后以耳悶脹感和聽(tīng)力減退為主要癥狀。由于耳痛不明顯,兒童主訴不清,在小兒聽(tīng)力受到影響時(shí)家長(zhǎng)才發(fā)現(xiàn)就診,常常延誤診斷和治療[4]。分泌性中耳炎可造成兒童的聽(tīng)力損失,影響言語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言發(fā)育,應(yīng)高度警惕和及時(shí)觀察治療[5-6]。對(duì)于成人單側(cè)病變者,應(yīng)盡早明確病因,排除鼻咽部及其周圍間隙的占位性腫瘤,盡早緩解癥狀、改善生活質(zhì)量。

根據(jù)病史及對(duì)鼓膜的仔細(xì)觀察,結(jié)合鏡下鼓膜活動(dòng)受限,以及聲導(dǎo)抗測(cè)試結(jié)果,診斷一般并不困難[7]。必要時(shí)可于無(wú)菌條件下作診斷性鼓膜穿刺術(shù)而確診。但若鼓室內(nèi)液體甚黏稠,亦可抽吸不到液體,但此時(shí)請(qǐng)患者捏鼻鼓氣時(shí),??梢?jiàn)鼓膜穿刺所留針孔中出現(xiàn)黏液,或針孔外有少許黏液絲牽掛。關(guān)于嬰幼兒中耳炎(主要是分泌性中耳炎)的診斷[8],由于嬰幼兒不會(huì)陳述相應(yīng)癥狀,鼓氣耳鏡對(duì)鼓膜的觀察常因耳道狹小,鼓膜厚且傾斜度大而相應(yīng)困難,鼓氣耳鏡觀察鼓膜活動(dòng)度的結(jié)果在實(shí)踐中常遭質(zhì)疑,其準(zhǔn)確性較大齡兒童或成人要低。加上上述鼓室導(dǎo)抗測(cè)試尚有探測(cè)音等問(wèn)題有待探索,鼓膜穿刺術(shù)因其創(chuàng)傷性而不能作為常規(guī)診斷方法等原因,因此嬰幼兒分泌性中耳炎的診斷目前尚存在一定困難,值得注意[9]。

清除中耳積液,改善咽鼓管通氣引流功能,以及病因治療等綜合治療為本病的治療原則。治療分為非手術(shù)治療(抗生素或其他抗菌藥物、糖皮質(zhì)激素、減充血?jiǎng)﹪姳恰⒀使墓艽祻埖龋?、手術(shù)治療(鼓膜穿刺術(shù)、鼓膜切開術(shù)、鼓膜置管術(shù))和病因治療(腺樣體切除術(shù)、扁桃體切除術(shù)、鼓室探查術(shù)和單純?nèi)橥婚_放術(shù)等)三種[10-14]。由于不少分泌性中耳炎有自限性,所以對(duì)無(wú)癥狀、聽(tīng)力正常、病史不長(zhǎng)的輕型患兒,可在??漆t(yī)師的指導(dǎo)下密切觀察,而不急于手術(shù)治療[15]。聽(tīng)力水平及伴隨癥狀是選擇手術(shù)時(shí)應(yīng)該考慮的因素[16]。手術(shù)的指證為分泌性中耳炎持續(xù)4個(gè)月以上并伴有聽(tīng)力減退和其他癥狀;持續(xù)或復(fù)發(fā)性分泌性中耳炎;伴有高危因素存在(只要是高?;純?,無(wú)論積液時(shí)間長(zhǎng)短,都應(yīng)該盡早手術(shù));鼓膜或中耳結(jié)構(gòu)損壞。

鼓膜置管術(shù)是手術(shù)治療的首選方法[17]。鼓膜置管術(shù)就是經(jīng)外耳道在鼓膜上放置通氣管,使鼓室和外耳道形成臨時(shí)通道,中耳的通氣和引流經(jīng)外耳道完成,使咽鼓管的功能得到恢復(fù)、中耳病變的黏膜轉(zhuǎn)為正常[18],這是本術(shù)的原理。病情遷延不愈或反復(fù)發(fā)作者,中耳積液過(guò)于黏稠不易排出者,咽鼓管功能短期內(nèi)難以恢復(fù)正常者,均考慮作鼓膜置管術(shù),以改善通氣引流,促使咽鼓管功能恢復(fù)。鼓膜穿刺術(shù)對(duì)分泌性中耳炎也有一定的治療作用,但穿刺孔保留時(shí)間不長(zhǎng)[19]。與鼓膜穿刺相比,鼓室置管能長(zhǎng)期保持氣壓平衡,減少杯狀細(xì)胞和腺體的增生,防止過(guò)多的液體產(chǎn)生,并能間接促使纖毛運(yùn)動(dòng)的恢復(fù),為咽鼓管功能的改善贏得了時(shí)間。依據(jù)患者的情況,置管保留6個(gè)月~1年不等[20]。

本研究結(jié)果表明,觀察組中耳積液時(shí)間為(7.92±0.98)d,復(fù)發(fā)率為7.89%,與對(duì)照組相比,積液的時(shí)間明顯更短,復(fù)發(fā)率較低(P<0.05);觀察組總有效率為94.74%,與對(duì)照組的68.42%相比,臨床療效顯著(P<0.05);觀察組手術(shù)治療后,出現(xiàn)穿孔1例,感染1例,鼓室硬化1例,并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率為7.89%;而對(duì)照組術(shù)后出現(xiàn)穿孔5例,感染6例,鼓室硬化1例,并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率為31.58%,鼓膜置管術(shù)后的并發(fā)癥明顯更低(P<0.05)。

綜上所述,耳內(nèi)鏡下鼓膜置管術(shù)在慢性分泌性中耳炎治療中,具有安全可靠、臨床療效顯著、復(fù)發(fā)率低、并發(fā)癥少等優(yōu)點(diǎn),值得臨床推廣應(yīng)用。

參考文獻(xiàn)

[1] Prince A A,Rosenfeld R M,Shin J J.Antihistamine Use for Otitis Media with Effusion: Ongoing Opportunities for Quality Improvement[J].Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg,2015,153(6):935-942.

[2]黃選兆,汪吉寶,孔維佳.實(shí)用耳鼻咽喉頭頸外科學(xué)[M].北京:人民衛(wèi)生出版社,2015:848-855.

[3] Liu Y,Zhang Z.The eosinophilic otitis medias research progress[J].Lin Chung Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi,2015,29(17):1577-1580.

[4] Kosti? M,Ribari? Jankes K,Troti? R,et al.Clinical and audiological findings in children with acute otitis media[J].Acta Otolaryngol,2015,135(7):645-50.

[5] Hanes L A,Murphy A,Hatchette J E,et al.Chronic Otitis Media with Effusion Is Associated with Increased Risk of Secondary Speech Surgery[J].Plast Reconstr Surg,2015,136(2):343-349.

[6] Bruce I,Harman N,Williamson P,et al.The management of Otitis Media with Effusion in children with cleft palate(mOMEnt):a feasibility study and economic evaluation[J].Health Technol Assess,2015,19(68):1-374.

[7] Cole L K,Samii V F,Wagner S O,et al.Diagnosis of primary secretory otitis media in the cavalier King Charles spaniel[J].Vet Dermatol,2015,26(6):459-e107.

[8] Aarhus L,Tambs K,Kvestad E,et al.Childhood Otitis Media:A Cohort Study With 30-Year Follow-Up of Hearing(The HUNT Study)[J].Ear Hear,2015,36(3):302-308.

[9] Knopke S,Irune E,Olze H,et al.The relationship between preoperative tympanograms and intraoperative ear examination results in children[J].Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol,2015,272(12):3651-3654.

[10] El-Anwar M W,Nofal A A,Khazbak A O,et al.The Efficacy of Nasal Steroids in Treatment of Otitis Media with Effusion:A Comparative Study[J].Ent Arch Otorhinolaryngol,2015,19(4):298-301.

[11] Martellucci S,Pagliuca G,de Vincentiis M,et al.Myringotomy and ventilation tube insertion with endoscopic or microscopic technique in adults:a pilot study[J].Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg,2015,152(5):927-930.

[12] Warman M,Granot E,Halperin D.Improvement in allergic and nonallergic rhinitis: A secondary benefit of adenoidectomy in children[J].Ear Nose Throat J,2015,94(6):220,222,224-227.

[13]劉英冰.耳內(nèi)鏡下鼓膜置管聯(lián)合腺樣體切除術(shù)治療兒童分泌性中耳炎的療效觀察[J].中國(guó)醫(yī)藥指南[J],2017,15(2):69.

[14] Hardman J,Muzaffar J,Nankivell P,et al.Tympanoplasty for Chronic Tympanic Membrane Perforation in Children: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis[J].Otol Neurotol,2015,36(5):796-804.

[15] Gruber M,Honigman T,Cohen-Kerem R.Clinical approach to pediatricserous otitis media[J].Harefuah,2015,154(6):377-381,404.

[16] Norman G,Llewellyn A,Harden M,et al.Systematic review of the limited evidence base for treatments of Eustachian tube dysfunction:a health technology assessment[J].Clin Otolaryngol,2014,39(1):6-21.

[17] Nurliza I,Lim L H.Retrospective review of grommet insertions for otitis media with effusion in children in Singapore[J].Med J Malaysia,2011,66(3):227-230.

[18] Baik G,Brietzke S.How much does the type of tympanostomy tube matter? A utility-based Markov decision analysis[J].Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg,2015,152(6):1000-1006.

[19] Dai Y,She W,Lu L,et al.A primary study of bone conduction hearing loss in adults with otitis media with effusion[J].Lin Chung Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi,2010,24(22):1023-1026.

[20]邵麗.耳內(nèi)鏡下鼓膜置管術(shù)在藥物治療無(wú)效的兒童分泌性中耳炎治療中的應(yīng)用效果[J].中國(guó)基層醫(yī)藥,2017,24(3):408-411.

(收稿日期:2017-01-16) (本文編輯:程旭然)

猜你喜歡
分泌性中耳炎
鼓膜穿刺術(shù)治療分泌性中耳炎的中西醫(yī)臨床護(hù)理體會(huì)
鼓膜置管聯(lián)合腺樣體切除術(shù)治療兒童分泌性中耳炎伴骨導(dǎo)聽(tīng)力下降的近期觀察
鼻內(nèi)鏡下腺樣體切除術(shù)治療腺樣體肥大及兒童分泌性中耳炎的效果觀察
鼓膜穿刺結(jié)合鼓室注藥治療分泌性中耳炎的臨床探究
兒童分泌性中耳炎與腺樣體肥大、變應(yīng)性鼻炎的相關(guān)性分析
分泌性中耳炎的研究進(jìn)展
糖皮質(zhì)激素應(yīng)用于分泌性中耳炎的臨床分析
腺樣體切除聯(lián)合鼓膜置管術(shù)治療兒童分泌性中耳炎療效評(píng)價(jià)
嬰幼兒中耳炎的診斷和治療方法初探
耳內(nèi)鏡鼓膜置管術(shù)治療分泌性中耳炎33例臨床療效觀察