武曉利
摘要:通過構(gòu)建三部門雙系統(tǒng)的DSGE模型,研究能源價(jià)格、生產(chǎn)技術(shù)及環(huán)保技術(shù)等外生沖擊對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)系統(tǒng)和生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的動(dòng)態(tài)影響。研究表明:(1)能源價(jià)格對(duì)產(chǎn)出和非能源消費(fèi)具有正效應(yīng),對(duì)能源消費(fèi)、投資、就業(yè)和碳排放量具有負(fù)效應(yīng),且碳排放量的負(fù)效應(yīng)持續(xù)性較強(qiáng);(2)生產(chǎn)技術(shù)對(duì)產(chǎn)出、非能源與能源消費(fèi)、投資和就業(yè)具有正效應(yīng),但長期內(nèi)導(dǎo)致碳排放量上升;(3)環(huán)保技術(shù)對(duì)產(chǎn)出、非能源與能源消費(fèi)、投資和就業(yè)具有正效應(yīng),同時(shí)有效降低碳排放,且環(huán)保技術(shù)沖擊對(duì)各變量的影響均有較強(qiáng)的持續(xù)性;(4)能源價(jià)格僅對(duì)產(chǎn)出具有短期影響,而環(huán)保技術(shù)改善能夠在顯著降低碳排放的情況下長期提升產(chǎn)出與投資,實(shí)現(xiàn)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長與生態(tài)環(huán)境的協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展。
關(guān)鍵詞:能源價(jià)格;環(huán)保技術(shù);碳排放;DSGE模型;環(huán)境質(zhì)量
DOI:10.13956/j.ss.1001-8409.2017.07.25
中圖分類號(hào):F0622文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼:A 文章編號(hào):1001-8409(2017)07-0116-05
Energy Price, Environmental Protection Technology and Ecological Environment Quality
——Based on the DSGE Model Containing Carbon Emissions
WU Xiaoli
(School of Economics, Henan University of Economics and Law, Zhengzhou 450046)
Abstract: By constructing DSGE model of dual systems and three departments, this paper studies the dynamic effect of exogenous impact such as energy, environmental protection technology and production technology to the economic system and ecosystem. The result shows that: (1) The energy price has the positive effect for output and energy consumer products, and has the negative effect for energy consumption, investment, employment and carbon emissions, and the negative effect for carbon emissions is stronger. (2) The production technology has the positive effect for production, energy consumption, energy consumption, investment and employment. But this factor will increase carbon emissions in a long time. (3) The environmental protection technical level has the positive effect for output, nonenergy consumption, energy consumption, investment and employment, also can effectively reduce carbon emissions, and green technology impacts sustainability is stronger for the macroeconomic variables than other factors. (4) Energy price only has a shortterm influence on output, but environmental protection technology improvement can significantly reduce carbon emissions level and enhance the level of output and investment for a long time, realizing the harmonious development of economic growth and ecological environment.
Key words:energy price; environmental protection technology; carbon emissions; DSGE model; environment quality
1引言及文獻(xiàn)綜述
改革開放以來,我國經(jīng)濟(jì)持續(xù)高增長的同時(shí),包括霧霾在內(nèi)的生態(tài)環(huán)境問題日益突出,以片面追求經(jīng)濟(jì)增長速度和大量耗竭自然資源為特征的粗放型增長方式已難以為繼。經(jīng)濟(jì)增長和生態(tài)環(huán)境質(zhì)量的協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展已成為實(shí)務(wù)界以及學(xué)術(shù)界研究的重點(diǎn)課題。能源消費(fèi)(包括居民能源消費(fèi)和企業(yè)能源消費(fèi))以及碳排放作為影響生態(tài)環(huán)境質(zhì)量的重要因素,也必將引起公眾的極大關(guān)注。
關(guān)于能源價(jià)格沖擊方面的研究文獻(xiàn)較多。在研究初期,國外學(xué)者主要基于Kydland和Prescoot提出的RBC理論研究能源沖擊對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)波動(dòng)的影響,如Rotemberg和Woodford構(gòu)建多部門RBC模型,將能源作為生產(chǎn)原料引入生產(chǎn)函數(shù),研究能源價(jià)格沖擊對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)波動(dòng)的影響等等[1,2]。之后,由于DSGE模型具有顯性建??蚣堋⑽⒂^與宏觀分析的結(jié)合、長短期分析的有機(jī)整合等優(yōu)點(diǎn),使得該方法得到眾多學(xué)者的認(rèn)可,并采用DSGE分析框架研究能源價(jià)格沖擊對(duì)宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)的影響,如Alina和Roland構(gòu)建包含石油價(jià)格沖擊的DSGE模型研究貨幣政策、生產(chǎn)技術(shù)和石油價(jià)格等因素對(duì)經(jīng)常賬戶波動(dòng)的影響,發(fā)現(xiàn)石油價(jià)格沖擊具有較強(qiáng)的負(fù)效應(yīng)[3];Radde基于DSGE框架探討石油價(jià)格沖擊的傳導(dǎo)機(jī)制,發(fā)現(xiàn)石油價(jià)格沖擊對(duì)通脹和產(chǎn)出波動(dòng)能夠產(chǎn)生內(nèi)生的權(quán)衡機(jī)制[4];Kormilitsina考察能源價(jià)格沖擊下宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)的最優(yōu)貨幣政策選擇等等[5]。