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QuEChERS/超高效液相色譜-串聯(lián)質(zhì)譜法測定果蔬中122種香港規(guī)例農(nóng)藥殘留

2017-08-01 12:46張建瑩鄧慧芬李月梅岳振峰吳衛(wèi)東
分析測試學報 2017年7期
關(guān)鍵詞:規(guī)例甲酸乙腈

張建瑩,鄧慧芬,李月梅,林 珊,岳振峰,吳衛(wèi)東

(深圳出入境檢驗檢疫局 食品檢驗檢疫技術(shù)中心,廣東 深圳 518045)

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QuEChERS/超高效液相色譜-串聯(lián)質(zhì)譜法測定果蔬中122種香港規(guī)例農(nóng)藥殘留

張建瑩*,鄧慧芬,李月梅,林 珊,岳振峰,吳衛(wèi)東

(深圳出入境檢驗檢疫局 食品檢驗檢疫技術(shù)中心,廣東 深圳 518045)

應(yīng)用改進的QuEChERS法結(jié)合超高效液相色譜-串聯(lián)質(zhì)譜儀,建立了水果、蔬菜中122種中國香港《食物內(nèi)除害劑殘余規(guī)例》農(nóng)藥殘留的測定方法。分析物采用電噴霧離子源,正、負離子多反應(yīng)監(jiān)測(MRM)模式,基質(zhì)匹配外標法定量。122種農(nóng)藥在0.010~0.20 mg/L 濃度范圍內(nèi)呈良好線性關(guān)系,其線性相關(guān)系數(shù)(r)不小于 0.99,方法的定量下限為0.010 mg/kg;3個加標水平的回收率為60%~110%;相對標準偏差(RSD)為1.8%~19.4%。該法快速簡便,耗時短,靈敏度高,穩(wěn)定性好,用于日常供港果蔬食品中農(nóng)殘檢測可顯著降低檢測成本。

QuEChERS;超高效液相色譜-電噴霧串聯(lián)質(zhì)譜;農(nóng)藥殘留

2014年8月1日,中國香港特區(qū)政府正式實施《食物內(nèi)殘余除害劑規(guī)例》(簡稱《規(guī)例》),對出口至香港的食品實施嚴苛的農(nóng)藥檢測。該法規(guī)涉及360種除害劑、7083個限量標準,包含584種(類)食品、農(nóng)產(chǎn)品[1];該法規(guī)很多限量遠低于GB 2763-2016《食品安全國家標準 食品中農(nóng)藥最大殘留限量》[2]。中國內(nèi)地是香港特區(qū)食品的主要供應(yīng)地,占香港進口總量的90%以上?!兑?guī)例》的實施直接影響內(nèi)地每年約47億美元供港食品農(nóng)產(chǎn)品的通關(guān)效率和經(jīng)濟效益,同時對供港食品提出了更高的質(zhì)量安全要求,特別對供港食品農(nóng)藥殘留檢測技術(shù)提出了巨大挑戰(zhàn)。鑒于目前我國缺乏針對《規(guī)例》農(nóng)藥的高通量定量檢測技術(shù),為了滿足內(nèi)地輸港蔬菜檢驗工作的實際需求,迫切需要建立蔬菜、水果中可同時檢測上百種除害劑多殘留的高通量定量檢測方法。

農(nóng)藥殘留的主要檢測方法有氣相色譜(GC/ECD)、氣相色譜-質(zhì)譜(GC-MS)和氣相色譜-串聯(lián)質(zhì)譜(GC-MS/MS),檢測對象包括牛奶、果酒飲料、果蔬、糧谷等,其中適用于果蔬中農(nóng)藥多殘留的標準檢測方法有GB/T 19648-2006,GB/T 20769-2008,NY/T 761-2008,NY/T 1379-2007,EN 15662:2008和AOAC 2007.01等[3-8]。關(guān)于果蔬中農(nóng)藥多殘留檢測的文獻很多[9-18],但尚未見有針對或涵蓋香港《規(guī)例》上百種農(nóng)藥多殘留的高通量定量檢測方法報道。潘孝博等[18]建立了液相色譜-四極桿串聯(lián)飛行時間質(zhì)譜法測定食品中249種香港《規(guī)例》農(nóng)藥殘留的篩查方法,該方法中65%農(nóng)藥的定量下限達到0.010 mg/kg,但較多農(nóng)藥的加標回收率低于50%,只能作為篩查和確證方法。QuEChERS方法的步驟少,目標化合物損失少,試劑消耗少,經(jīng)濟環(huán)保,快速高效,適合的樣品基質(zhì)及農(nóng)藥種類多,已成為多殘留分析的首選方法。而LC-MS/MS技術(shù)具有靈敏度高、選擇性強的優(yōu)點,在復(fù)雜基質(zhì)下能完成痕量目標化合物的定性定量分析。本文通過參考國際方法EN 15662:2008[7]和AOAC 2007.01[8],改進前處理方法(采用1%乙酸-乙腈溶液提取目標化合物,經(jīng)改進的QuEChERS法凈化),建立了超高效液相色譜-串聯(lián)質(zhì)譜(UPLC-MS/MS)測定供港果蔬中122種香港《規(guī)例》農(nóng)藥殘留量的方法。本方法的建立將在監(jiān)管范圍、檢測技術(shù)和時效性等多方面提升供港果蔬食品的保障水平和力度。

1 實驗部分

1.1 儀器與試劑

超高效液相色譜UPLC、Xevo-TQS四極桿串聯(lián)質(zhì)譜儀(美國Waters公司);均質(zhì)儀(美國Omni公司);渦旋振蕩儀(德國Heidolph公司);高速冷凍離心機(德國Sigma公司);高純水發(fā)生器(美國Millipore公司);0.22 μm有機濾膜。

甲醇、乙腈、正己烷、甲酸、乙酸銨(色譜純,德國Merck公司),無水MgSO4、NaCl均為分析純;實驗用水為Milli-Q超純水;N-丙基乙二胺吸附劑(PSA)、十八烷基鍵合硅膠吸附劑(C18)(美國Supelco公司)。122種《規(guī)例》農(nóng)藥標準品名單見表1(純度≥95%,德國Dr.E公司)。根據(jù)標準品的溶解度選用甲醇、乙腈或丙酮等溶劑配制濃度為1 000 mg/L的各農(nóng)藥標準儲備液,再以乙腈配制成10 mg/L的混合標準溶液(-18 ℃避光存放)。

1.2 樣品處理

稱取試樣10 g,加入3 mL水和10 mL 1%(體積分數(shù))乙酸-乙腈溶液,均質(zhì)提取1 min,9 500 r/min 離心5 min。吸取全部上清液于15 mL離心管,加入2 g NaCl,渦旋振蕩30 s,9 500 r/min 離心5 min。吸取上清液5 mL,加入900 mg MgSO4、150 mg PSA、150 mg C18,渦旋振蕩30 s,9 500 r/min 離心5 min。取1 mL上清液,過0.22 μm有機濾膜,供液相色譜-串聯(lián)質(zhì)譜儀測定。

1.3 色譜條件

色譜柱:Acquity BEH C18,1.7 μm,50 mm×2.1 mm(i.d.)(美國Waters公司)。流動相:A為0.005 mol/L乙酸銨溶液(含0.1%甲酸),B為甲醇(含0.1%甲酸)。梯度洗脫程序:0~0.5 min,5%B;0.5~7.0 min,5%~60%B;7.0~9.0 min,60%~95%B;9.0~12.0 min,95%~100%B;12.0~14.0 min,100%B;14.0~14.1 min,100%~5%B;14.1~16.0 min,5%B。流速:0.3 mL/min。進樣量:2 μL。

1.4 質(zhì)譜條件

離子化模式:電噴霧離子源(ESI),溫度:150 ℃;正離子和負離子分別掃描;質(zhì)譜掃描方式:多反應(yīng)監(jiān)測(MRM);去溶劑溫度:500 ℃;去溶劑氣流速:900 L/h;毛細管電壓:0.8 kV(正離子組)或-1.5 kV(負離子組);錐孔電壓:30 V(正離子組)或-30 V(負離子組);分辨率:單位分辨率;駐留時間:30 ms。其它質(zhì)譜參數(shù)見表1。

表1 122種化合物測定的質(zhì)譜參數(shù)Table 1 Mass parameters for the detection of 122 compounds

(續(xù)表1)

No.CompoundParentionDaughterionsCone(V)CE(eV)62Cyromazine(滅蠅胺)167.060.0*,85.02919,1863Naptalam(萘草胺)292.1144.1*,149.1119,2264Prometryn(撲草凈)242.0158.0*,200.12640,2765Triforine(嗪氨靈)456.9353.9*,411.91619,1366Metribuzin(嗪草酮)215.089.0*,125.04120,1867Metaflumizone(氰氟蟲腙)507.1177.9*,287.94029,2268Clodinafop-propargyl(炔草酸)349.991.0*,266.03025,1069Clothianidin(噻蟲胺)250.0132.0*,169.02418,1270Thiacloprid(噻蟲啉)253.090.1*,126.03245,4571Thiamethoxam(噻蟲嗪)292.0132.0*,211.22822,1272Thiabendazole(噻菌靈)202.0125.0*,175.04238,3573Buprofezin(噻嗪酮)306.057.0*,201.02426,2274Trifloxysulfuron(三氟啶磺隆)438.0139.0*,182.03045,2075Tricyclazole(三環(huán)唑)190.0136.0*,163.04137,3276Tralkoxydim(三甲苯草酮)330.2138.1*,284.33119,1377Triadimenol(三唑醇)296.069.9*,126.93032,3678Triadimefon(三唑酮)294.169.3*,197.23120,1579Oxamyl(殺線威)237.072.0*,90.01221,1080Diclosulam(雙氯磺草胺)406.1161.0*,378.04630,1581Mandipropamid(雙炔酰菌胺)412.1328.1*,356.14515,1082Propamocarb(霜霉威)189.174.0*,102.03140,3683Cymoxanil(霜脲氰)199.0111.0*,128.01415,884Tetraconazole(四氟醚唑)372.070.1*,159.04120,3085Aldicarb(涕滅威)213.089.0*,116.03016,1186Desmedipham(甜菜安)301.0136.0*,182.03422,1087Carboxin(萎銹靈)236.087.0*,143.02522,2088Trifloxystrobin(肟菌酯)409.0145.0*,186.03455,3589Tebuconazole(戊唑醇)308.070.1*,125.04040,2290Sethoxydim(烯禾啶)328.0178.0*,282.03422,1091Dimethomorph(烯酰嗎啉)388.1165.0*,300.94130,2092Diniconazole(烯唑醇)326.170.2*,159.04625,3493Mesotrione(硝磺草酮)340.1104.0*,228.12332,1894Phoxim(辛硫磷)299.097.0*,129.02034,2695Nicosulfuron(煙嘧磺隆)411.0106.0*,182.03232,2296Omethoate(氧樂果)214.1125.1*,183.12622,1197Difenzoquat(野燕枯)249.2118.2*,130.13539,5398Metconazole(葉菌唑)320.170.0*,125.03822,3699Isoprocarb(異丙威)194.195.1*,137.11514,8100Clomazone(異草酮)240.089.0*,125.03250,35101Imazalil(抑霉唑)297.069.0*,159.03032,35102Indoxacarb(茚蟲威)528.0150.0*,249.04245,30103Ametryn(莠滅凈)228.168.1*,186.13250,35104Atrazine(莠去津)216.196.1*,174.02923,28105Piperonyl-butoxide(增效醚)356.3119.0*,176.92637,25106Ipconazole(種菌唑)334.170.2*,125.03542,22107Fenobucarb(bpmc,仲丁威)208.095.0*,152.02214,8108Imazosulfuron(唑吡嘧磺隆)413.0152.8*,155.91612,18109Carfentrazone-ethyl(唑草酮)411.9345.9*,384.05224,12110Fenpyroximate(唑螨酯)422.2138.1*,366.13232,25111Flumetsulam(唑嘧磺草胺)326.1109.0*,129.04650,25112Flufenpyr-ethyl(氟噠嗪草酯)409.0307.0*,335.02028,20113Flufenoxuron(氟蟲脲)489.1141.0*,158.04046,22114Spirotetramat(螺蟲乙酯)374.0302.0*,330.06623,25115Diflubenzuron(除蟲脲)#309.0150.9*,288.9-30-22,-11116Teflubenzuron(氟苯脲)#378.9195.7*,338.7-35-24,-13117Flubendiamide(氟苯蟲酰胺)#680.9253.8*,273.9-10-30,-16118Fomesafen(氟磺胺草醚)#437.0195.0*,332.0-42-40,-13119Chlorbenzuron(滅幼脲)#307.0125.9*,154.0-35-26,-11120Flonicamid(氟啶蟲酰胺)#228.081.1*,146.0-40-14,-30121Acifluorfen(三氟羧草醚)#360.2194.9*,315.9-45-28,-12122Fluazinam(氟啶胺)#437.0195.0*,332.0-42-40,-13

*quantitative ion;# negative ion

2 結(jié)果與討論

2.1 基質(zhì)效應(yīng)

基質(zhì)效應(yīng)是質(zhì)譜檢測中普遍存在的現(xiàn)象。液質(zhì)聯(lián)用法的基質(zhì)效應(yīng)一般表現(xiàn)為基質(zhì)抑制效應(yīng)?;|(zhì)效應(yīng)的消除有如下方法:①在前處理時盡可能將樣品處理干凈;②在儀器分析時采用基質(zhì)匹配標準溶液作校準曲線;③采用內(nèi)標法進行校正。因本方法涉及的農(nóng)藥品種較多,同位素內(nèi)標法不太現(xiàn)實,而采用性質(zhì)相近的物質(zhì)作為內(nèi)標會存在一定偏差;因此本方法采用基質(zhì)匹配標準液作校準曲線以消除基質(zhì)效應(yīng)。

2.2 提取溶劑的選擇

由于這122種《規(guī)例》農(nóng)藥的極性差異較大,因此提取溶劑的選擇要考慮溶劑性質(zhì)、農(nóng)藥性質(zhì)和基質(zhì)特點。本實驗選取1%乙酸乙腈、乙腈、丙酮和乙酸乙酯作為提取溶劑,對比考察了其對蔬菜、水果樣品中122種目標化合物的提取效果。實驗發(fā)現(xiàn),加入乙酸乙酯的樣品渾濁且沒有明顯的分層效果,共萃取物較多。乙酸乙酯對有機磷農(nóng)藥的回收率較好,但對其余農(nóng)藥的回收率僅為60%~70%,這是因為乙酸乙酯對水的溶解度較低,無法從含水基質(zhì)中完全萃取出極性較大的農(nóng)藥。丙酮極性較大,且與水互溶,易將水溶性的極性干擾物(如色素)一并提取出來,使后續(xù)的凈化步驟難度加大,導致其重復(fù)性較差。乙腈的溶解性好,滲透力強,適合的農(nóng)藥極性范圍相對廣泛,乙腈通過適當?shù)乃峄艽龠M農(nóng)藥從組織中溶出,改善提取效率。乙腈酸化后,辛硫磷的回收率可從80%提高到88%,甲草胺的回收率從68%提高到77%,敵瘟磷的回收率從72%提高到80%,滅線磷的回收率從60%提高到82%,吡唑醚菌酯的回收率達76%~87%,氟噠嗪草酯的回收率從75%提高到88%。綜合考慮,本實驗選擇1%乙酸乙腈為提取溶劑。

比較了不同鹽析步驟對回收率的影響。①方法一:樣品按“1.2”步驟處理;②方法二:試樣10 g,加入3 mL水、2 g NaCl和10 mL 1%(體積分數(shù))乙酸-乙腈溶液,均質(zhì)提取,離心后取上清液按“1.2”步驟凈化。比較結(jié)果得知,使用方法一處理,部分目標化合物的回收率比方法二處理的回收率高(如甲硫威、甲萘威、噻菌靈、滅蠅胺等,見圖1)。這是因為提取溶劑、水和鹽同步加入后,部分極性化合物的提取效率降低;而將水和有機溶劑混合相吸取出來,再加NaCl鹽析,提取效果更佳。

2.3 凈化條件的選擇

由于蔬菜、水果等樣品基質(zhì)中含有較多的有機酸、糖類、維生素以及脂肪等物質(zhì),這些物質(zhì)在提取過程中會與被測農(nóng)藥一并提取出來。若不進一步凈化,基質(zhì)效應(yīng)帶來的干擾會影響檢測結(jié)果的準確性。QuEChERS法常用吸附劑有PSA、C18及石墨化炭黑(GCB)等,可實現(xiàn)對基質(zhì)中的色素、有機酸、脂肪酸和強陰離子等多種組分的凈化。無水MgSO4作為QuEChERS前處理方法的脫水劑,能有效減小水相的體積,從而促進水相中的極性化合物再分配進入有機相中,故其加入量會影響試樣的脫水效果,進而影響后續(xù)凈化劑的吸附效果。PSA具有弱的陰離子交換能力,通過氫鍵和化合物作用,可除去脂肪酸、部分有機酸、糖和色素。C18吸附劑是在硅膠基質(zhì)上接有十八烷基,具有較高的相覆蓋率和碳含量,對非極性物質(zhì)有較高的容量,對油脂的去除效果十分顯著,還可除去一些非極性雜質(zhì)。GCB對平面結(jié)構(gòu)分子(如多菌靈和部分氨基甲酸酯類農(nóng)藥)具有很強的親合性,因此本實驗不選用該吸附劑。綜合考慮,本實驗以火龍果為樣品基質(zhì),在0.100 mg/kg加標水平下,考察了待凈化液中不同加入量的無水MgSO4,PSA和C18對目標化合物回收率的影響。

2.3.1 無水MgSO4加入量的影響 分別比較了添加300,500,700,900 mg MgSO4的回收效果。結(jié)果表明,大部分目標化合物的回收率無變化,但個別化合物在無水MgSO4加入量為900 mg時,回收率達到最大;繼續(xù)增大無水MgSO4的加入量,則會吸附目標化合物,導致提取效率降低。故本實驗采用無水MgSO4的添加量為900 mg。

2.3.2 PSA吸附劑加入量的影響 分別比較了添加50,100,150,200 mg PSA的回收率。結(jié)果表明,PSA添加量為50 mg和100 mg時,122種農(nóng)藥的最低回收率分別為67.1%和71.3%。而PSA添加量為150 mg 時,122種農(nóng)藥的平均回收率最好,其回收率為83.3%~119%。

2.3.3 C18吸附劑加入量的影響 C18吸附劑對非極性的組分有吸附作用,可去除提取液中甾醇類干擾物、脂肪酸、烯烴類干擾物及色素。比較了分別添加50,100,150,200 mg C18的回收率。結(jié)果表明,C18添加量為150 mg時,122種農(nóng)藥的平均回收率最好,其回收率為85.5%~114%。

本實驗最終確定無水MgSO4,PSA,C18的用量分別為900,150,150 mg。

2.4 UPLC-MS/MS條件的優(yōu)化

為了達到最佳的色譜分離和質(zhì)譜響應(yīng),實驗對比了5種流動相:甲醇(含0.05%甲酸)-0.005 mol/L乙酸銨(pH 3.0),甲醇(含0.1%甲酸)-0.005 mol/L乙酸銨(含0.1%甲酸),甲醇(含0.1%甲酸)-0.1%乙酸,甲醇(含0.1%甲酸)-水,乙腈(含0.1%甲酸)-0.05%甲酸的色譜分離效果。實驗結(jié)果顯示,在流動相中加入少量甲酸(0.1%)有利于提高分析物的離子化效率并改善色譜峰峰形,而加入乙酸銨可起到緩沖鹽的作用。最終實驗確定以甲醇(含0.1%甲酸)-5 mmol/L乙酸銨(含0.1%甲酸)作為流動相,并優(yōu)化確定了最佳洗脫程序(見“1.3”)。實驗結(jié)果顯示,在優(yōu)化條件下,122 種目標化合物均可得到較好的分離度和峰形,114種農(nóng)藥(正離子)和8種農(nóng)藥(負離子)的MRM總離子流圖見圖2。

2.5 方法學驗證

2.5.1 方法的線性方程與定量下限 在優(yōu)化實驗條件下,用相應(yīng)的空白樣品基質(zhì)溶液配成質(zhì)量濃度為0.010,0.025,0.050,0.10,0.20 mg/L的基質(zhì)混合標準工作溶液,采用本方法進行測定,以峰面積對標準溶液中各被測組分的濃度繪制工作曲線。結(jié)果表明,122種目標化合物在0.010~0.20 mg/L范圍內(nèi),定量離子的響應(yīng)峰面積與樣液中所含農(nóng)藥的濃度之間呈良好的線性關(guān)系,相關(guān)系數(shù)(r)均不小于0.99(表2)。

基于回收率和相對標準偏差(RSD)滿足歐盟SANTE/11945/2015要求的最低試驗添加水平[19],以及加標樣品的定量離子對色譜信號10倍信噪比(S/N)的要求,并結(jié)合國內(nèi)外殘留限量要求,確定了122種目標化合物的定量下限均為0.010 mg/kg。

2.5.2 方法的準確度與精密度 采用空白的火龍果作為驗證基體,各農(nóng)藥加標水平為0.010,0.050,0.10 mg/kg,每個水平做6個平行。按本方法進行測定,外標法定量,計算每種農(nóng)藥的回收率及相對標準偏差(見表2)。

表2 122種化合物的線性方程、相關(guān)系數(shù)、回收率與相對標準偏差(火龍果基質(zhì))

Table 2 Regression equations,correlation coefficients(r),recoveries and relative standard deriations of 122 compounds(Pitaya)

No.CompoundRegressionequationrRecovery(%)RSD(%)1AbamectinY=475.11X-768.410.9953109,93.4,85.013.6,7.5,14.42Azinphos-methylY=439.86X+103450.9997103,93.4,80.86.3,2.8,5.93TopramezoneY=1621.5X-3650.10.997771.0,75.2,71.712.0,9.7,3.34DichlofluanidY=4130.8X-142240.9970111,99.3,93.912.2,17.2,12.95Tribenuron-methylY=30983X+1121680.995196.7,93.2,83.911.8,8.8,7.26DifenoconazoleY=23443X-191730.9970114,113,11312.7,8.6,7.57BenalaxylY=22918X-118520.994091.8,88.1,82.84.7,2.4,7.88ZoxamideY=66183X+935130.996696.3,108,89.26.9,2.0,5.09ImidaclopridY=6093.0X+5545.80.998897.0,76.8,74.14.4,7.6,5.710Fluazifop-butylY=7201.4X-7626.30.993597.7,84.1,86.614.9,17.5,14.311PymetrozineY=13176X-247100.997376.2,89.0,84.33.0,2.6,5.512PropiconazoleY=11484X+208880.994795.7,88.9,80.65.1,2.7,6.513PyraclostrobinY=43059X-3667.60.998891.6,90.9,83.25.5,6.8,5.014TebufenozideY=834.28X-3827.40.998560.2,91.8,82.418.3,3.3,6.215PyridateY=5331X-524440.993983.3,104,88.119.0,9.8,17.416PhenthoateY=4309.8X+8444.80.994895.8,90.3,82.05.5,2.0,5.317IsoprothiolaneY=22057X-137260.993886.5,93.2,82.92.4,4.0,5.918TrichlorfonY=20957X-352770.993881.2,94.9,90.67.2,2.2,7.819DiuronY=62276X+2178990.997184.3,93.3,82.14.5,2.1,4.520AnilazineY=488.59X-911.250.9949118,104,97.819.3,1.8,13.221EdifenphosY=39081X-340400.992481.5,90.5,84.94.8,1.9,6.822CarbosulfanY=15380X-257680.9911117,112,91.212.5,8.7,10.423AcetamipridY=2059.2X-2696.70.997495.3,88.3,85.83.2,7.5,8.624CarbendazimY=14985X-685960.998092.5,77.5,71.83.3,4.0,5.225PaclobutrazolY=4140.8X-8310.80.9940104,98.1,88.56.4,3.6,7.826FamoxadoneY=1017.1X-5526.20.9988118,92.0,82.27.2,13.3,8.627DimethenamidY=5742.2X-172660.992285.3,89.9,89.13.4,5.0,7.128PendimethalinY=1373.6X+146370.991498.7,90.7,83.719.0,5.3,8.929ClopyralidY=799.18X+214510.993491.3,81.6,78.815.4,5.9,3.630RimsulfuronY=9103.8X+223920.999495.7,107,87.010.1,9.1,5.631Triflusulfuron-methylY=36276X-532560.995296.7,93.2,83.911.7,8.8,7.232Fluthiacet-ethylY=39448X+5711.20.993075.8,95.6,92.76.9,4.4,7.833FluopicolideY=3987.27X-122960.998285.5,94.7,86.87.4,3.4,7.934FipronilY=24226.4X-2143.00.9986101,107,88.96.4,2.4,3.935FlusilazoleY=3923.0X-3302.70.9966100,96.2,92.316.9,4.3,9.536Flumiclorac-pentylY=4535.25X-5207.40.996098.7,93.1,86.810.8,5.3,9.137MolinateY=17776X-275760.9983101,94.7,86.08.3,5.2,2.438CyproconazoleY=6152.18X-866460.9991113,73.3,76.93.6,1.8,8.739FenhexamidY=48621.8X+435430.993598.0,97.4,75.24.6,12.3,4.140TolylfluanidY=27758X+384920.998681.0,90.2,85.64.6,1.8,6.841AlachlorY=1738.3X-4100.20.9991105,99.2,89.612.4,11.7,17.142MethiocarbY=413.13X-463.160.996575.3,84.6,80.114.9,8.7,11.243CarbarylY=12642X-278150.990462.8,86.1,85.010.4,3.3,5.844MethoxyfenoxideY=4842.5X+32490.991667.3,70.0,80.914.4,6.4,9.545MyclobutanilY=831.19X-2818.40.991770.2,100,94.110.1,4.5,5.146PirimicarbY=12000X+2791.80.996078.7,90.2,88.93.4,2.8,8.247CarbofuranY=1358.5X+309000.995277.5,91.4,86.517.1,4.1,8.248LinuronY=676.26X-9107.10.995592.5,78.4,74.42.8,6.4,6.249BitertanolY=41333X+569860.990076.2,95.7,91.04.6,3.1,8.350SpiromesifenY=44467X-934800.997190.0,90.1,80.96.1,1.8,6.151ChlortoluronY=1419.9X-914.310.9960104,102,94.49.0,7.1,10.452Halosulfuron-methylY=26971X-264470.995387.0,106,89.24.2,2.0,4.953ChlorantraniliproleY=22124X-4601.10.999796.8,89.9,87.17.6,2.8,8.454ChlorsulfuronY=14783.8X+154140.997796.7,88.3,81.515.1,6.0,6.855Chlorimuron-ethylY=12069X+164250.997087.5,91.7,84.46.2,6.7,9.056ProchlorazY=4761.5X-239970.995194.2,93.4,85.47.4,7.1,5.057ImazethapyrY=13824X-5268.70.997072.8,62.9,67.25.2,13.7,7.658AzoxystrobinY=24436X-128960.994078.9,83.0,75.04.9,3.7,8.059PyrimethanilY=11334X+5292.20.996690.0,91.9,86.88.9,4.7,9.260MethomylY=1697.1X-266080.9988113.7,63.0,67.52.1,2.0,6.2

(續(xù)表2)

No.CompoundRegressionequationrRecovery(%)RSD(%)61EthoprophosY=8.2786X-202.230.993571.7,92.7,82.719.2,12.9,18.462CyromazineY=25706X-483280.997375.3,99.6,76.44.6,2.3,4.263NaptalamY=1263.2X-6084.80.994796.0,84.1,73.46.2,13.7,7.364PrometrynY=5582.3X-350.780.998890.5,87.2,83.59.0,2.4,8.565TriforineY=10558X+106060.998575.7,91.0,84.06.8,7.6,8.366MetribuzinY=29567X+89950.993980.0,108,95.913.6,4.7,9.367MetaflumizoneY=2381.4X-6520.60.994865.2,84.2,69.86.8,2.4,11.668Clodinafop-propargylY=2833.6X-2935.20.993899.8,103,98.017.3,10.1,6.169ClothianidinY=49046X-386810.993897.7,112,89.09.7,2.3,4.370ThiaclopridY=8258.6X+4253.90.997175.7,87.7,82.13.0,3.7,5.971ThiamethoxamY=10066X+123780.994983.2,88.5,82.14.4,3.9,7.272ThiabendazoleY=31163X+722530.992485.3,108,90.99.5,5.6,8.373BuprofezinY=23310X+2.05180.991180.8,79.2,74.56.0,5.6,4.674TrifloxysulfuronY=20284X-456740.997487.7,92.2,83.25.9,2.7,4.975TricyclazoleY=6089X+6668.70.998096.7,84.8,80.16.5,2.6,7.676TralkoxydimY=7129.2X-209900.9940113,71.1,66.710.6,3.7,6.977TriadimenolY=1205.6X-3032.80.998888.8,90.2,81.95.2,1.5,6.578TriadimefonY=5525.8X-117480.998585.5,89.6,83.03.1,3.4,7.979OxamylY=17572X-369670.998785.5,88.4,83.65.7,2.3,8.680DiclosulamY=1050.2X-525.130.990887.2,94.0,87.15.5,5.8,10.581MandipropamidY=8769.9X+4782.60.9951119,71.7,71.84.3,15.3,14.282PropamocarbY=12202X-853.910.996896.7,92.1,80.14.3,15.3,14.283CymoxanilY=1083.2X-7579.20.9964122,67.4,67.114.6,17.7,4.384TetraconazoleY=337.73X-435.750.9931115,81.4,78.64.7,3.4,7.485AldicarbY=16190X-141340.9966105,91.8,86.210.4,3.0,8.686DesmediphamY=1859.8X-702.550.9934119,80.2,69.93.0,12.2,5.187CarboxinY=11129X-4348.20.9920101,95.7,91.610.2,5.1,10.088TrifloxystrobinY=32750X+583150.998470.0,110,79.16.3,3.2,3.489TebuconazoleY=44525X+343830.994087.8,101,84.76.7,3.9,4.390SethoxydimY=5352.3X+52.0460.993488.3,92.1,89.712.9,4.0,10.091DimethomorphY=13394X-187080.996371.2,86.3,81.416.1,19.4,13.492DiniconazoleY=45743X+869540.992785.8,88.7,71.59.8,3.2,7.593MesotrioneY=9243.4X-115560.996797.0,98.6,93.911.6,4.9,7.594PhoximY=4680.3X-5977.90.994185.5,90.2,88.97.4,2.8,8.295NicosulfuronY=4320.1X-467690.994695.8,99.9,94.12.8,2.9,8.596OmethoateY=18471X+593850.9929101,86.2,76.36.1,4.0,7.697DifenzoquatY=2800.2X-5955.70.994079.7,89.0,84.03.5,1.9,6.998MetconazoleY=2955.9X-4027.90.997894.0,91.2,86.34.9,5.6,6.399IsoprocarbY=27805X-392660.999497.0,90.7,85.313.3,4.3,9.2100ClomazoneY=4491.7X-23230.9964108,78.6,73.52.1,13.1,8.1101ImazalilY=54382X-389000.997788.2,92.6,84.54.4,3.0,6.7102IndoxacarbY=15843X+1.29560.999194.7,88.9,86.414.4,5.2,9.6103AmetrynY=3491.6X-125880.9958108,99.3,90.56.1,5.2,6.8104AtrazineY=213.48X+886.890.992172.8,88.7,83.45.2,2.4,5.3105Piperonyl-butoxideY=3900.6X-454590.9953109,88.6,85.513.5,4.7,7.0106IpconazoleY=11579X-505070.998888.7,95.1,97.76.0,2.7,13.5107Fenobucarb(bpmc)Y=7073.1X-2470.60.9972119,96.2,92.217.7,6.4,9.1108ImazosulfuronY=5014.4X-416390.9971110,72.1,69.73.5,3.9,6.1109Carfentrazone-ethylY=5856.3X+235130.997897.7,92.8,86.013.2,10.2,7.3110FenpyroximateY=18329X-929950.990296.2,85.9,78.66.4,3.6,8.0111FlumetsulamY=6344.76X-179850.9997105,96.1,92.110.3,7.3,11.1112Flufenpyr-ethylY=4017.78X-6134.20.990076.5,90.0,80.74.0,6.5,7.4113FlufenoxuronY=5735.9X+6272.90.998889.2,92.3,86.45.2,4.4,8.1114SpirotetramatY=44.829X+61.9580.9991101,82.9,88.39.7,1.8,1.7115DiflubenzuronY=16338X-315140.996598.3,100,95.217.3,9.9,2.5116TeflubenzuronY=50.172X-116.830.9987108,92.3,86.515.9,6.6,7.3117FlubendiamideY=1250.4X-3276.60.9982100,92.3,83.712.6,8.2,4.5118FomesafenY=44.829X+61.9580.9991108,99.2,89.811.6,6.6,5.7119ChlorbenzuronY=10773X-249.920.997370.0,90.7,80.218.6,14.9,17.0120FlonicamidY=2051.82X-4207.90.995173.5,109,88.511.9,7.2,6.4121AcifluorfenY=1399.9X-5123.50.999278.9,83.0,75.04.9,3.7,8.0

表3 4種果蔬樣品兩種檢測方法比對結(jié)果Table 3 Test results of 4 vegetable samples by two methods

2.5.3 方法比對 應(yīng)用所建立的分析方法和GB/T 20769-2008方法分別對白菜、豆角、黃瓜、柑桔4個基質(zhì)樣品進行了122種目標農(nóng)藥殘留檢測,分別檢出克百威、噻蟲胺、異丙威和氧樂果,結(jié)果表明兩種方法的檢測結(jié)果相近(見表3)。

3 結(jié) 論

本文采用1%乙酸-乙腈溶液提取122種目標化合物,經(jīng)改進的QuEChERS方法提取凈化后,建立了針對香港《規(guī)例》中122種農(nóng)藥的LC-MS/MS定量測定及確證方法。該法操作簡便,耗時短,溶劑用量少,靈敏度高,穩(wěn)定性好;具有較高的回收率、良好的精密度和較低的定量下限,適用于日常供港食品中農(nóng)殘檢測工作,可顯著降低檢測成本,具有良好的實際應(yīng)用價值。

[1] Hong Kong Department of Justice Bilingual Laws Information System.Pesticide Residues in Food Regulation(CAP132M)(食物內(nèi)農(nóng)藥殘余規(guī)例.中國香港法),2014.

[2] GB 2763-2016.Maximum Residue Limits of Pesticides in Food.National Standards for Food Safety of the People's Republic of China(食品中農(nóng)藥最大殘留限量.中華人民共和國食品安全國家標準).

[3] GB/T 19648-2006.Determination of 500 Pesticides and Related Chemicals Residues in Fruits and Vegetables.National Standards of the People's Republic of China(水果和蔬菜中500種農(nóng)藥及相關(guān)化學品殘留的測定.中華人民共和國國家標準).

[4] GB/T 20769-2008.Determination of 405 Pesticides and Related Chemicals Residues in Fruits and Vegetables.National Standards of the People's Republic of China(水果和蔬菜中405種農(nóng)藥及相關(guān)化學品殘留量的測定.中華人民共和國國家標準).

[5] NY/T 761-2008.Pesticide Multiresidue Screen Methods for Determination of Organophosphorus Pesticides,Organochlorine Pesticides,Pyrethroid Pesticides and Carbamate Pesticides in Vegetables and Fruits.Agricultural Standards of the People's Republic of China(蔬菜和水果中有機磷、有機氯、擬除蟲菊酯和氨基甲酸酯類農(nóng)藥多殘留的測定.中華人民共和國農(nóng)業(yè)行業(yè)標準).

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Determination of 122 Pesticide Residues in Fruits and Vegetables from Regulation of Pesticides in Hong Kong by QuEChERS Combined with Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry

ZHANG Jian-ying*,DENG Hui-fen,LI Yue-mei,LIN Shan,YUE Zhen-feng,WU Wei-dong

(Food Inspection & Quarantine Center,Shenzhen Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau,Shenzhen 518045,China)

A method for the determination of 122 pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables from the Hong Kong's regulation was developed by QuEChERS combined with ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(UPLC-MS/MS).The quantification and confirmation was achieved by electrospray ionization(ESI) in positive and negative ion mode using multiple reaction monitoring(MRM) mode,and the analytes were quantified by the external standard method.The standard curves of 122 target compounds were linear in the range of 0.010-0.20 mg/L,with correlation coefficients(r) not less than 0.99.The limits of quantitation(LOQ) were 0.010 mg/kg.The recoveries at three spiked levels were in the range of 60%-110% with RSDs of 1.8% and 19.4%.The method had the advantages of rapidness,simplicity,time-saving,high sensitivity and good stability,and could significantly reduce the test cost.

QuEChERS;ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(UPLC-MS/MS);pesticide residues

2017-01-18;

2017-03-15

國家質(zhì)檢總局項目(2016IK240)

10.3969/j.issn.1004-4957.2017.07.002

O657.3;TQ460.72

A

1004-4957(2017)07-0849-09

*通訊作者:張建瑩,高級工程師,研究方向:食品中農(nóng)獸藥殘留分析,Tel:0755-26881671,E-mail:zhangjianying1001@163.com

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