王 姍 鄭全輝 田 楓 閆振宇 孫賀軍 王佳驥 左蓉潔 劉 遄 陳 光
(華北理工大學(xué)基礎(chǔ)醫(yī)學(xué)院,河北省慢性疾病重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室,唐山市慢性病臨床基礎(chǔ)研究重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室,唐山063000)
NKT細(xì)胞發(fā)育過(guò)程中microRNA表達(dá)譜變化①
王 姍 鄭全輝 田 楓②閆振宇③孫賀軍 王佳驥 左蓉潔 劉 遄 陳 光
(華北理工大學(xué)基礎(chǔ)醫(yī)學(xué)院,河北省慢性疾病重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室,唐山市慢性病臨床基礎(chǔ)研究重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室,唐山063000)
目的:探討自然殺傷性T細(xì)胞(NKT)發(fā)育、成熟過(guò)程中microRNA表達(dá)譜變化。方法:采用流式細(xì)胞儀分選小鼠胸腺不同發(fā)育階段NKT細(xì)胞,提取細(xì)胞總RNA,經(jīng)反轉(zhuǎn)錄和預(yù)擴(kuò)增后利用TaqMan低密度microRNA表達(dá)譜分析陣列檢測(cè)NKT發(fā)育、成熟過(guò)程中發(fā)生表達(dá)變化的microRNAs,并采用real-time PCR進(jìn)一步驗(yàn)證。結(jié)果:NKT細(xì)胞發(fā)育、成熟過(guò)程中,共有92個(gè)microRNAs表達(dá)發(fā)生顯著變化。表達(dá)顯著增加的microRNAs有71個(gè),其中有36個(gè)表達(dá)持續(xù)增加;而表達(dá)顯著降低的microRNAs有21個(gè),其中有12個(gè)表達(dá)持續(xù)降低。選取Let-7f、miR-150、miR-155、miR-223、miR-24和miR-29進(jìn)行real-time PCR,發(fā)現(xiàn)Let-7f、miR-150、miR-24、miR-29在NKT細(xì)胞發(fā)育、成熟過(guò)程中表達(dá)增加,而miR-223和miR-155表達(dá)降低,其表達(dá)變化趨勢(shì)與表達(dá)譜分析一致。結(jié)論:NKT細(xì)胞發(fā)育、成熟過(guò)程中伴隨大量特異microRNAs的不同表達(dá)變化,提示特異microRNA調(diào)控NKT細(xì)胞的發(fā)育和功能。
自然殺傷性T細(xì)胞;microRNA;細(xì)胞發(fā)育
自然殺傷性T細(xì)胞(Natural killer T cell,NKT)是一群細(xì)胞表面既表達(dá)T細(xì)胞受體α鏈(小鼠:Vαl4-Jα18,人:Vα24-Jα18)和β鏈(小鼠:Vβ8.2,Vβ7,Vβ2,人:Vβ11),同時(shí)又表達(dá)NK細(xì)胞受體如NK1.1的T細(xì)胞亞群[1]。在小鼠胸腺,表達(dá)Vαl4-Jα18T細(xì)胞受體α鏈的NKT前體細(xì)胞經(jīng)歷MHCⅠ類樣分子CD1d的陽(yáng)性選擇后,CD24表達(dá)降低并伴隨著CD44和NK1.1表達(dá)的逐漸增加,開(kāi)始一系列的發(fā)育和成熟過(guò)程。NKT細(xì)胞在胸腺發(fā)育主要分為三個(gè)階段,初始階段NKT細(xì)胞表現(xiàn)為CD44-NK1.1-(stage 1),此后,隨著NKT細(xì)胞的逐漸發(fā)育、成熟,CD44表達(dá)增加,表現(xiàn)為CD44+NK1.1-(stage 2),成熟階段的NKT細(xì)胞表達(dá)NK1.1,表現(xiàn)為CD44+NK1.1+(stage 3)[2]。因此,基于NK1.1的表達(dá),小鼠NKT細(xì)胞可分為NK1.1+成熟細(xì)胞亞群和NK1.1-非成熟細(xì)胞亞群。另外,基于CD4的表達(dá),小鼠NKT細(xì)胞又可分為CD4+單陽(yáng)性細(xì)胞亞群和CD4-CD8-雙陰性細(xì)胞亞群[3]。由于NKT細(xì)胞在接受CD1d提呈的脂類抗原刺激后,短時(shí)間內(nèi)即可大量產(chǎn)生Th1、Th2和Th17型細(xì)胞因子,因此,NKT細(xì)胞在感染性疾病、自身免疫病和腫瘤的發(fā)生、發(fā)展及治療中發(fā)揮重要作用。
microRNAs是長(zhǎng)度為20~23 nt的短鏈非編碼RNAs,通過(guò)與靶mRNA結(jié)合在轉(zhuǎn)錄后水平調(diào)控特異基因表達(dá),從而在細(xì)胞增殖、發(fā)育、分化和譜系形成等基本功能中發(fā)揮重要作用[4]。Dicer屬于核糖核酸內(nèi)切酶,在胞漿成熟microRNAs產(chǎn)生中發(fā)揮關(guān)鍵作用。已有研究發(fā)現(xiàn),Dicer 敲除小鼠出現(xiàn)胸腺及外周NKT細(xì)胞數(shù)量減少,發(fā)育、成熟障礙及細(xì)胞活化和細(xì)胞因子分泌功能顯著降低,表明microRNAs作為一個(gè)整體調(diào)控機(jī)制在NKT細(xì)胞發(fā)育、分化和功能發(fā)揮過(guò)程中具有重要作用[5,6]。然而,特異microRNAs在NKT細(xì)胞中的作用目前仍所知甚少,因此大大限制了利用特異microRNA及其靶點(diǎn)調(diào)控NKT細(xì)胞功能及在多種疾病防治中的應(yīng)用。為此,本研究采用低密度microRNA array 技術(shù)檢測(cè)了NKT細(xì)胞發(fā)育、成熟過(guò)程microRNA表達(dá)譜變化,以期為深入研究NKT細(xì)胞的發(fā)育、成熟和功能發(fā)揮提供新的靶點(diǎn)。
1.1 材料
1.1.1 小鼠 C57BL/6小鼠購(gòu)自北京維通利華實(shí)驗(yàn)動(dòng)物技術(shù)有限公司,并在華北理工大學(xué)SPF級(jí)小鼠房繁殖、飼養(yǎng)。實(shí)驗(yàn)選取4~8周齡小鼠進(jìn)行研究,小鼠實(shí)驗(yàn)操作按華北理工大學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)動(dòng)物管理委員會(huì)規(guī)定進(jìn)行。
1.1.2 試劑 熒光素標(biāo)記的α-Galcer/CD1d四聚體購(gòu)自日本麒麟公司。熒光素標(biāo)記的抗小鼠TCR-β(H57-597)、NK1.1 (PK136)、CD44抗體(IM7)、Biotin標(biāo)記CD8抗體、抗Biotin磁珠購(gòu)自BD或eBioscience公司,磁珠分選系統(tǒng)購(gòu)自美天旎生物技術(shù)公司。大鼠抗小鼠FcR單克隆抗體(2.4G2)取自2.4G2雜交瘤細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)上清。MirVana microRNA提取試劑盒(AM1561)、TaqMan?microRNA 反轉(zhuǎn)錄試劑盒(PN 4322171)、TaqMan?低密度 microRNA表達(dá)譜分析陣列板(Low density Assays A,B)以及特異microRNAs反轉(zhuǎn)錄(RT)和PCR引物(TM)購(gòu)自美國(guó)Ambion公司。
1.2 方法
1.2.1 細(xì)胞分選 分離小鼠胸腺細(xì)胞,臺(tái)盼藍(lán)染色、計(jì)數(shù)后用PBS緩沖液 (1×PBS;2%FBS;2 mmol/L EDTA) 重懸,加入2.4G2至20 μl/107細(xì)胞,4℃,10 min。為提高不同發(fā)育階段NKT細(xì)胞的分選效率,胸腺細(xì)胞懸液首先加入Biotin標(biāo)記抗小鼠CD8抗體(2 μl/107細(xì)胞),4℃,孵育10 min,加入抗Biotin磁珠(2 μl/107細(xì)胞),4℃,孵育15 min,PBS洗滌2次后采用磁珠分選系統(tǒng)剔除小鼠CD8+胸腺細(xì)胞(CD8SP和CD4 CD8 DP)。在剩余胸腺細(xì)胞中分別加入適量抗小鼠TCR-β抗體、α-Galcer/CD1d四聚體、抗小鼠NK1.1和抗小鼠CD44抗體,4℃,孵育30 min,經(jīng)PBS緩沖液洗滌2次后采用Aria Ⅱ流式細(xì)胞儀(BD)分選不同發(fā)育階段NKT細(xì)胞。
1.2.2 總RNA提取 離心收集以上分選不同發(fā)育階段NKT細(xì)胞,采用MirVana microRNA試劑盒,按說(shuō)明書提取細(xì)胞總RNA。 采用Nanodrop 測(cè)定RNA 濃度和質(zhì)量(OD 260/280和260/230比值),將OD 260/280>1.75 同時(shí)OD 260/230>1.20的RNA樣品進(jìn)行后續(xù)反轉(zhuǎn)錄。
1.2.3 反轉(zhuǎn)錄和預(yù)擴(kuò)增 分別取不同發(fā)育階段NKT細(xì)胞總RNA 3 μl (30 ng), 加入0.80 μl 10×megaplex 反轉(zhuǎn)錄引物,0.20 μl dNTPs with dTTP (100 mmol/L),1.50 μl MultiScribeTM反轉(zhuǎn)錄酶(50 U/μl),0.80 μl 10 × RT Buffer,0.90 μl MgCl2(25 mmol/L),0.10 μl RNA酶抑制劑,0.70 μl無(wú)RNA酶水,冰上放置 5 min,采用ABI 9700 PCR儀,程序:16℃ 2 min,42℃ 1 min 40循環(huán),50℃ 1 s,保持85℃ 5 min,保持4℃,進(jìn)行反轉(zhuǎn)錄。采用不同發(fā)育階段NKT細(xì)胞cDNA 2.5 μl進(jìn)行預(yù)擴(kuò)增,分別加入12.5 μl TaqMan?PreAmp Master Mix (2×);2.5 μl MegaplexTM預(yù)擴(kuò)增引物 (10×);7.5 μl無(wú)RNAase 水,預(yù)擴(kuò)增條件:95℃10 min, 55℃ 2 min, 72℃ 2 min;95℃ 15 s和60℃ 4 min進(jìn)行12個(gè)循環(huán),保持4℃。預(yù)擴(kuò)增產(chǎn)物加入75 μl 0.1×TE (pH8.0),-20℃保存。
1.2.4 MicroRNA array 取以上稀釋預(yù)擴(kuò)增產(chǎn)物9 μl,加入450 μl TaqMan?Universal PCR Master Mix和441 μl無(wú)RNAase水,充分混勻后分別加入TaqMan?低密度microRNA表達(dá)譜分析陣列板A (含384 個(gè)功能已知microRNAs)和B(含384個(gè)功能未知 microRNAs),每個(gè)板子包含4次重復(fù)的mammalian U6 (MammU6-4395470)作為內(nèi)參。陣列板經(jīng)1 200 r/min離心1 min,采用7900 HT 序列檢查系統(tǒng)和系統(tǒng)默認(rèn)熱循環(huán)條件(Applied Biosystems)進(jìn)行microRNA 表達(dá)譜檢測(cè)。
1.2.5 數(shù)據(jù)分析 采用ABI TaqMan SDS v2.3 軟件獲取NKT細(xì)胞特定發(fā)育階段microRNA表達(dá)的初始ΔCT值[ΔCT=CT靶miR-CT MammU6],利用以下公式計(jì)算NKT細(xì)胞不同發(fā)育階段特定microRNA的表達(dá)倍數(shù)變化(FC):FC=2-ΔΔCT,ΔΔCT=[CT靶miR(stagen+1)-CT MammU6]-[CT靶miR(stagen)-CT MammU6]。將FC值轉(zhuǎn)換成以2為底的對(duì)數(shù)(Log2)值并繪制NKT細(xì)胞不同發(fā)育階段microRNA表達(dá)譜變化熱圖,選取表達(dá)變化至少在一倍(2 fold)以上的特異microRNA進(jìn)行分析。對(duì)NKT細(xì)胞不同發(fā)育階段microRNAs 重復(fù)測(cè)定3次。
1.2.6 Real-time PCR 采用以上提取不同發(fā)育階段NKT細(xì)胞總RNA,分別以不同特異microRNA(Let-7f,miR-150,miR-155,miR-223,miR-24,miR-29,snoRNA-202) 的RT引物進(jìn)行反轉(zhuǎn)錄,以TM引物進(jìn)行PCR擴(kuò)增,每組標(biāo)本設(shè)3個(gè)重復(fù)孔,并以snoRNA-202為內(nèi)參,計(jì)算各組特異microRNA在NKT不同發(fā)育階段的相對(duì)CT值(ΔCT)及表達(dá)變化(2-ΔCT)。
1.3 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)處理 采用GraphPad Prism v5.0 軟件進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)處理和統(tǒng)計(jì)分析,結(jié)果采用雙尾Student′st檢驗(yàn),P<0.05 為組間有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異。
2.1 不同發(fā)育階段NKT細(xì)胞分選 新鮮分離小鼠胸腺細(xì)胞,首先按比例加入Biotin標(biāo)記抗小鼠CD8抗體和抗Biotin磁珠,去除CD8+胸腺細(xì)胞以提高NKT細(xì)胞比例,抗TCR-β抗體和α-Galcer/CD1d四聚體染色顯示,CD8+T細(xì)胞剔除導(dǎo)致胸腺NKT細(xì)胞比例增加10倍以上(圖1A);進(jìn)一步采用抗CD44和抗NK1.1抗體染色,發(fā)現(xiàn)小鼠NKT細(xì)胞以成熟stage 3(CD44+NK1.1+)為主,占85%以上,而非成熟stage 2(CD44+NK1.1-)和stage 1(CD44-NK1.1-)NKT細(xì)胞分別約占10%和2%,表明NKT細(xì)胞發(fā)育正常(圖1B)。采用AriaⅡ流式細(xì)胞儀分選不同發(fā)育階段NKT細(xì)胞,分選純度在90%以上,用于后續(xù)microRNA表達(dá)譜分析。
2.2 NKT細(xì)胞發(fā)育成熟過(guò)程中microRNA表達(dá)譜變化 提取不同發(fā)育階段NKT細(xì)胞總RNA,經(jīng)反轉(zhuǎn)錄和預(yù)擴(kuò)增后分別加入到microRNA分析陣列板A和B,檢測(cè)NKT細(xì)胞發(fā)育過(guò)程中microRNA表達(dá)譜變化(圖2)。結(jié)果分析發(fā)現(xiàn),NKT細(xì)胞從非成熟stage 1到成熟stage 3發(fā)育成熟過(guò)程中,發(fā)生顯著表達(dá)變化的microRNAs共有92個(gè)。其中,與stage 1相比,stage 3表達(dá)顯著增加的microRNAs有71個(gè)(表1),而表達(dá)顯著降低的microRNAs有21個(gè)(表2)。
2.3 NKT細(xì)胞發(fā)育成熟過(guò)程中表達(dá)持續(xù)增加和降低的microRNAs 進(jìn)一步分析發(fā)現(xiàn),NKT細(xì)胞從stage 1、stage 2到stage 3發(fā)育成熟過(guò)程中,有36個(gè)microRNAs表達(dá)持續(xù)增加,其中miR-28*表達(dá)增加最為顯著,其次分別為miR-324-3p和miR-491(圖3A);相反,有12個(gè)microRNAs 在NKT細(xì)胞發(fā)育成熟過(guò)程中表達(dá)持續(xù)降低,其中miR-211表達(dá)降低最為明顯,其次分別為miR-125b-5p和miR-449a(圖3B)。
2.4 NKT細(xì)胞發(fā)育成熟過(guò)程中特異microRNA表達(dá) 選取array發(fā)現(xiàn)在NKT細(xì)胞發(fā)育成熟過(guò)程中表達(dá)變化的特異microRNAs(Let-7f,miR-150,miR-24,miR-29a,miR-223,miR-155,),采用Real-time PCR進(jìn)一步確認(rèn)其表達(dá)。結(jié)果顯示:Let-7f在非成熟stage 1和stage 2 NKT細(xì)胞中幾乎沒(méi)有表達(dá),而在成熟stage 3 NKT細(xì)胞中表達(dá)顯著增加;miR-150、miR-24、miR-29a則在stage 1、stage 2和stage 3 NKT細(xì)胞中表達(dá)逐漸增加。相反,miR-223,miR-155在stage 1 NKT細(xì)胞中表達(dá)高,在stage 2和stage 3 NKT細(xì)胞中表達(dá)顯著降低。以上特異microRNA在NKT發(fā)育成熟過(guò)程中的表達(dá)變化趨勢(shì)與microRNA array檢測(cè)結(jié)果一致(圖4)。
圖1 胸腺CD8+T 細(xì)胞剔除和不同發(fā)育階段NKT 細(xì)胞分選Fig.1 CD8+T cell deletion and flow cytometry sorting of stage 1(NK1.1-CD44-),stage 2 (NK1.1-CD44+) and stage 3 (NK1.1+CD44+) NKT cellsNote: Mouse thymocytes were first stained with Biotin-labeled CD8 antibodies and CD8+ T cells were then deleted by anti-biotin beads.The left thymocytes were then stained with anti-NK1.1 and anti-CD44 antibodies,different developmental stages of NKT cells were sorted by flow cytometry.
表1 與stage1 NKT細(xì)胞相比,stage3 NKT細(xì)胞表達(dá)顯著增加的microRNAs
Tab.1 Expression increased microRNAs in stage3 NKT cells compared with that in stage1 NKT cells
miRNameFC(stage3/stage1)Log2(FC)Pvaluelet-7b12.847871673.680.0102let-7f8.7608146673.130.0213miR-1008.6599766673.110.0221miR-10310.980638173.450.0115miR-1055.6560566672.500.0329miR-10a7.7040666672.940.0294miR-125a-3p10.763425673.420.0092miR-1367.7212896672.940.0127miR-1388.2101106673.040.0076miR-148b9.8323376673.290.0256miR-1502.9187243331.540.0183miR-15a9.9172271673.310.0087miR-1857.6881646672.940.0327miR-199a-3p9.7071506673.280.0306miR-200a8.7038431673.120.0237miR-200b10.739463673.420.0109miR-202-3p8.6935916673.110.0388miR-2058.7496636673.130.0271miR-2207.5938166672.920.0315miR-23b9.3338456673.310.0079miR-242.4249571.280.0135miR-29a3.7122513331.890.0296miR-29b9.7214886673.280.0305miR-327.6984466672.940.0314miR-32210.696456673.420.0298miR-324-3p12.686137673.670.0128miR-335-3p8.6345866673.110.0291miR-342-5p8.8409541673.140.0327miR-3449.6862166673.280.0415miR-3508.6983526673.120.0387miR-36110.240500673.360.0109miR-362-3p7.7174526672.950.0206miR-3815.7160366672.510.0393miR-450a-5P7.7124866672.950.0238miR-467e10.672836673.420.0115miR-49111.639628673.540.0137miR-509-3p7.1855896672.850.0203miR-5465.7302886672.520.0265miR-5989.6850506673.280.0197miR-68012.303260173.620.0092lmiR-8729.7542626673.290.0137mmu-let-7a*8.7707029173.130.0313mmu-let-7b*6.7539604172.750.0325mmu-let-7g*9.4020109173.230.0319mmu-let-7i*7.6999079172.940.0409miR-138*7.7755244172.960.0387miR-17*9.1322334173.190.0255miR-183*9.3880019173.230.0268miR-186*8.8483879173.140.0281miR-193*8.1622504173.020.0314miR-20b*9.4997349173.240.0207
續(xù)表1
miRNameFC(stage3/stage1)Log2(FC)PvaluemiR-21*9.3416709173.220.0114miR-2210.136168923.340.0065miR-22*11.692742423.550.0135miR-28*12.950406253.690.0071miR-29a*8.2384070833.040.0009miR-29c*8.9911546673.170.0087miR-31*7.7889294172.960.0113miR-3267.8713559172.980.0253miR-3782.1740654581.120.0236miR-378*7.0488444172.820.0109miR-466d-3p5.6234966252.490.0453miR-503*6.4613294172.690.0239miR-5927.6908689172.940.0311miR-7017.8559944172.970.0225miR-877*13.556020753.760.0006miR-881*7.7207844172.950.0197miR-92a*8.7056444173.120.0233miR-99b*8.1020544173.020.0217miR-1412.1224661.080.0335miR-6671.4173970.500.0386
表2 與stage 1 NKT細(xì)胞相比,stage 3 NKT細(xì)胞表達(dá)顯著降低的microRNAs
Tab.2 Expression decreased microRNAs in stage 3 NKT cells compared with that in stage 1 NKT cells
miRNameFC(stage3/stage1)Log2(FC)PvaluemiR-125b-5p-10.12425573.340.0289miR-126-3p-5.75310952.520.0322miR-128a-4.1754812.060.0167miR-132-13.10545173.710.0082miR-146b-3.063557831.610.0115miR-152-8.141745673.020.0076miR-155-2.854895331.510.0231miR-182-7.706755672.950.0255miR-211-14.49979273.860.0083miR-223-1.935859330.960.0188miR-31-3.83515451.940.0098miR-34b-3p-8.099861673.020.0119miR-363-7.110401672.830.0102miR-434-3p-8.114097673.020.0162miR-449a-9.532871673.250.0204miR-590-5p-7.125030672.830.0185miR-214*-7.229192632.850.0126miR-30a*-3.050740041.610.0265miR-763-25.41085364.660.0071miR-145-8.1289406673.020.0317miR-449c-5.5126915832.460.0363
圖3 NKT細(xì)胞發(fā)育成熟過(guò)程中表達(dá)持續(xù)增加和降低的microRNAsFig.3 Continuously increased and decreased microRNAs during development and maturation of NKT cellsNote: microRNA expressional profile analysis revealed that there are 36 microRNAs whose expression increased continuously from stage 1 to stage 3 NKT cells (A),and there are 12 microRNAs whose expression decreased continuously from stage 1 to stage 3 NKT cells(B).
圖4 NKT細(xì)胞發(fā)育成熟過(guò)程中特異microRNA的表達(dá)變化Fig.4 Expression changes of specific microRNA in process of NKT development and maturationNote: The expression changes of let-7f,miR-150,miR-24,miR-29a,miR-223 and miR-155 in the process of NKT development were detected by single real-time PCR.
microRNAs已被證明是細(xì)胞發(fā)育和分化過(guò)程中重要的基因表達(dá)調(diào)控機(jī)制。microRNA發(fā)生機(jī)制異常導(dǎo)致NKT細(xì)胞數(shù)量顯著減少,活性降低和細(xì)胞因子產(chǎn)生缺陷[5,6]。在此研究中,我們進(jìn)一步檢測(cè)了NKT細(xì)胞發(fā)育、成熟過(guò)程中microRNAs表達(dá)譜變化,發(fā)現(xiàn)NKT細(xì)胞的發(fā)育、成熟過(guò)程伴隨大量特異microRNAs表達(dá)的顯著改變,并且呈現(xiàn)不同的表達(dá)變化趨勢(shì),提示不同特異microRNA在NKT細(xì)胞發(fā)育、成熟和效應(yīng)發(fā)揮過(guò)程中具有其特異調(diào)控功能。
近年來(lái)已有研究陸續(xù)證實(shí)以上發(fā)生表達(dá)變化的特異microRNAs在NKT細(xì)胞發(fā)育、成熟和功能發(fā)揮過(guò)程中發(fā)揮關(guān)鍵作用。例如,miR-150是NKT細(xì)胞發(fā)育、成熟過(guò)程表達(dá)持續(xù)增加的microRNA(圖3A,圖4),我們先前研究發(fā)現(xiàn)miR-150缺失導(dǎo)致胸腺NKT細(xì)胞數(shù)量減少,成熟階段stage 3(CD44+NK1.1+)NKT細(xì)胞所占比例和數(shù)量顯著降低,而stage 1(CD44-NK1.1-)和stage 2(CD44+NK1.1-)NKT細(xì)胞沒(méi)有顯著變化,表明miR-150在NKT細(xì)胞成熟階段發(fā)揮重要調(diào)控作用[7]。同樣,Lethal-7(let-7) microRNAs家族成員let-7b、let-7f、mmu-let-7a*、mmu-let-7b*、mmu-let-7g*、mmu-let-7i*在NKT細(xì)胞發(fā)育、成熟過(guò)程表達(dá)顯著增加(表1,圖3A,圖4)。Pobezinsky等[8]近期研究證實(shí):let-7 microRNAs和Zbtb16 mRNA(編碼譜系特異轉(zhuǎn)錄因子PLZF)的表達(dá)在NKT細(xì)胞發(fā)育、成熟過(guò)程中呈相反趨勢(shì)變化,let-7 microRNAs在stage 1和stage 2 NKT細(xì)胞中低表達(dá),但在stage 3 NKT細(xì)胞中表達(dá)顯著增加;而Zbtb16 mRNA在stage 1和stage 2高表達(dá),在stage 3 NKT細(xì)胞表達(dá)顯著降低。研究者進(jìn)一步通過(guò)let-7 microRNAs基因敲除和靶點(diǎn)分析實(shí)驗(yàn)發(fā)現(xiàn),降低let-7 microRNAs表達(dá)導(dǎo)致PLZF產(chǎn)生異常增加,NKT細(xì)胞發(fā)育阻滯在stage 2階段。由于胸腺stage 3 NKT細(xì)胞主要產(chǎn)生IFN-γ,而stage 2 NKT細(xì)胞主要產(chǎn)生IL-4和IL-17,因此表明let-7 microRNAs通過(guò)靶向PLZF調(diào)控NKT細(xì)胞的發(fā)育和效應(yīng)功能[9]。另外,本研究中發(fā)現(xiàn)miR-155在NKT細(xì)胞發(fā)育、成熟過(guò)程中表達(dá)持續(xù)降低(圖3B,圖4),與此結(jié)果一致,Burocchi等[10]發(fā)現(xiàn)miR-155在stage 1 NKT細(xì)胞中表達(dá)最高,而在stage 2和stage 3表達(dá)漸進(jìn)性降低,采用轉(zhuǎn)基因小鼠過(guò)表達(dá)miR-155則導(dǎo)致其靶基因Ets1和ITK表達(dá)顯著降低,NKT細(xì)胞發(fā)育阻滯在stage 2階段。由此可見(jiàn),與調(diào)控NKT細(xì)胞發(fā)育、成熟和功能發(fā)揮密切相關(guān)的特異microRNA可能主要存在于其發(fā)育過(guò)程中發(fā)生持續(xù)表達(dá)變化的microRNAs中。
目前,本研究中發(fā)現(xiàn)的大多數(shù)發(fā)生表達(dá)變化的特異microRNAs在NKT細(xì)胞發(fā)育、成熟和功能發(fā)揮中的作用未知,但從已有研究結(jié)果推測(cè),主要表達(dá)在淋巴細(xì)胞譜系的特異microRNAs,除以上已報(bào)道的microRNAs外,其他如miR-21、miR-22、miR-29a、miR-31等可能在NKT細(xì)胞發(fā)育、成熟和效應(yīng)功能中發(fā)揮重要作用。一方面,以上microRNAs在NKT細(xì)胞發(fā)育、成熟過(guò)程中表達(dá)持續(xù)增加(miR-21,miR-22,miR-29a)或降低(miR-31)(圖3A、B,圖4);另一方面,以上microRNAs參與NKT細(xì)胞發(fā)育、成熟及效應(yīng)發(fā)揮相關(guān)信號(hào)傳導(dǎo)通路的調(diào)控,如mTOR/PTEN/Akt信號(hào)通路在NKT細(xì)胞發(fā)育、成熟過(guò)程中發(fā)揮關(guān)鍵作用,而已有在其他非NKT細(xì)胞中發(fā)現(xiàn),miR-21,miR-22、miR-31對(duì)mTOR/PTEN/Akt信號(hào)通路均有重要調(diào)控作用,并且miR-21和miR-31對(duì)此信號(hào)通路的調(diào)控作用相反,這與miR-21和miR-31在NKT細(xì)胞發(fā)育、成熟過(guò)程中呈相反趨勢(shì)表達(dá)變化也是一致的[11-13](圖3A、B)。miR-29a屬于miR-17-92家族成員,研究發(fā)現(xiàn)miR-29a能直接靶向IFN-γ mRNA,進(jìn)而抑制IFN-γ的產(chǎn)生,因此miR-29a可能在調(diào)控NKT細(xì)胞的效應(yīng)功能方面發(fā)揮作用[14]。雖然有相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)支持,以上microRNAs在NKT細(xì)胞發(fā)育、成熟和/或功能發(fā)揮中的確切作用尚需在后續(xù)實(shí)驗(yàn)中逐步加以證實(shí)。
總之,本研究發(fā)現(xiàn)在NKT細(xì)胞發(fā)育、成熟過(guò)程中伴隨大量特異microRNAs的不同表達(dá)變化。盡管其中有些microRNAs在NKT細(xì)胞發(fā)育、成熟和/或功能發(fā)揮中的作用已被證實(shí),大多數(shù)發(fā)生表達(dá)變化的特異microRNA對(duì)于NKT細(xì)胞發(fā)育、成熟和效應(yīng)功能的調(diào)控作用及信號(hào)通路尚需進(jìn)一步研究。因此,本次實(shí)驗(yàn)中大量新發(fā)現(xiàn)與NKT細(xì)胞發(fā)育和成熟密切相關(guān)的microRNAs將為全面了解NKT細(xì)胞的生物學(xué)特性提供新的研究靶點(diǎn)。
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[收稿2016-11-22 修回2017-01-04]
(編輯 張曉舟)
microRNA profile changes in development of NKT cells
WANGShan,ZHENGQuan-Hui,TIANFeng,YANZhen-Yu,SUNHe-Jun,WANGJia-Ji,ZUORong-Jie,LIU-Chuan,CHENGuang.
NorthChinaUniversityofScienceandTechnology,HebeiKeyLaboratoryforChronicDiseases,SchoolofBasicMedicalScience,Tangshan063000,China
Objective:To explore the microRNA profile changes in the development of NKT cells.Methods: Differently developmental stage of NKT cells in mouse thymus were sorted by flow cytometry.Total RNA were extracted,reversely transcribed and pre-amplified.TaqMan low density microRNA assay and single real-time PCR were applied to detect the expression changes of microRNAs in the developmental process of NKT cells.Results: There were total 92 microRNAs whose expression changed significantly during the development and maturation of NKT cells.Among them,increasly expressed microRNAs were 71,including 36 microRNAs whose expression continuously increased;decreasly expressed microRNAs were 21,including 12 microRNAs whose expression continuously decreased.In addition,single real-time PCR analysis showed that the expression of Let-7f,miR-150,miR-24,miR-29 increased,while the expression of miR-223 and miR-155 decreased during the development and maturation of NKT cells.Conclusion: NKT development and maturation is accompanied by expression changes of large amount of microRNAs,indicating that specific microRNA regulates NKT development and function.
Nature killer T cell;microRNA;Cell development
10.3969/j.issn.1000-484X.2017.07.005
①本文受國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金面上項(xiàng)目(81373111)資助。
王 姍(1991年-),女,碩士,主要從事NKT細(xì)胞的發(fā)育和功能研究。
及指導(dǎo)教師:鄭全輝(1973年-),男,博士,副教授,主要從事免疫調(diào)節(jié)細(xì)胞發(fā)育功能研究,E-mail: zhqhdlp@sohu.com。
R392.11
A
1000-484X(2017)07-0979-05
②北京大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)部實(shí)驗(yàn)動(dòng)物科學(xué)部,北京100191。
③華北理工大學(xué)附屬醫(yī)院血液病學(xué)科,唐山063000。