劉平,霍建華,白玲,盧群,馬愛群
TG/HDL-C和HDL-C對不同體型冠心病患者的診斷價值
劉平1,2,3,霍建華1,2,3,白玲1,2,3,盧群1,2,3,馬愛群1,2,3
目的探討三酰甘油/高密度脂蛋白膽固醇(TG/HDL-C)和HDL-C對不同體型冠狀動脈粥樣硬化性心臟病(冠心?。┗颊叩脑\斷價值。方法入選2008年8月~2009年8月于西安交通大學第一附屬醫(yī)院心血管內科住院治療的急性冠脈綜合征患者212例。同時選取年齡、性別匹配的健康對照者174例。按照體質指數(BMI)和是否發(fā)生急性冠脈綜合征分為:正常組(99例,BMI 18.5~23.9 kg/m2)、肥胖組(75例,≥28 kg/m2)、冠心病組(79例)、肥胖冠心病組(133例)。入選者檢測總膽固醇(TC)、TG、HDL-C、低密度脂蛋白膽固醇(LDL-C)、載脂蛋白A(apoA)和載脂蛋白B(apoB),并計算TG/HDL-C比值。結果肥胖冠心病組男性、高血壓病史、糖尿病史和吸煙比例明顯高于其他3組,TG和TG/HDL-C明顯高于其他3組,差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(P均<0.05)。以是否發(fā)生冠心病為因變量,以TG/HDL-C為自變量,經多因素Logistic回歸分析,TG/HDL-C是肥胖者發(fā)生冠心病的危險因素(OR=1.825,95%CI:1.294~2.573);校正年齡、性別、TC、TG、HDL-C、LDL-C、apoA和apoB后,TG/HDL-C對于肥胖者冠心病發(fā)病無影響。以是否發(fā)生冠心病為因變量,以TG/HDL-C為自變量,經多因素Logistic回歸分析,TG/HDL-C是非肥胖者發(fā)生冠心病的危險因素(OR=1.952,95%CI:1.323~2.878);校正年齡、性別、TC、TG、HDL-C、LDL-C、apoA和apoB后,TG/HDL-C對于非肥胖者冠心病發(fā)病無影響。TG/HDL-C診斷肥胖冠心病ROC曲線下面積為0.726,HDL-C為0.794;TG/HDL-C診斷體型正常冠心病的ROC曲線下面積為0.751,HDL-C為0.779。結論TG/HDL-C不是冠心病發(fā)病的獨立危險因素,TG/HDL-C和HDL-C診斷不同體型冠心病患者的效能較好。
冠心病;肥胖;三酰甘油/高密度脂蛋白膽固醇;高密度脂蛋白膽固醇
已有證據表明脂質代謝異常,尤其是低密度脂蛋白升高是冠狀動脈粥樣硬化性心臟?。ü谛牟。┳钪匾奈kU因素[1]。但是降脂治療后仍有60%~70%的患者發(fā)生冠心病[2]。研究發(fā)現[3],三酰甘油/高密度脂蛋白膽固醇(TG/HDL-C)比值可以評估冠心病發(fā)生的風險。同時肥胖也是冠心病的獨立危險因素[4]。TG/HDL-C比值評估肥胖和非肥胖人群冠心病的發(fā)生風險有何不同尚無相關研究。本研究通過以肥胖和非肥胖冠心病患者為研究對象,分析TG/HDL-C比值和HDL-C對冠心病的診斷價值。
1.1 研究對象和分組入選2008年8月~2009年8月于西安交通大學第一附屬醫(yī)院心血管內科住院治療的急性冠脈綜合征患者212例。同時選取年齡、性別匹配,且經冠狀動脈造影證實的健康對照者174例。按照體質指數(BMI)和是否發(fā)生急性冠脈綜合癥將研究對象分為:正常組(99例,BMI 18.5~23.9 kg/m2)、肥胖組(75例,≥28 kg/m2)、冠心病組(79例)、肥胖冠心病組(133例)。診斷參照AHA/ACC冠心病急性冠脈綜合征診斷標準,并行冠狀動脈造影術顯示至少有一支冠狀動脈狹窄程度≥50%。排除急慢性心力衰竭、急性腦卒中、嚴重的肝腎疾病、甲狀腺功能異常、惡性腫瘤等。
1.2 檢測方法入選者清晨空腹采靜脈血檢測總膽固醇(TC)、TG、HDL-C、低密度脂蛋白膽固醇(LDL-C)、載脂蛋白A(apoA)和載脂蛋白B(apoB),并計算TG/HDL-C比值。根據1984年美國心臟病協(xié)會規(guī)定的冠狀動脈血管圖像分段評價標準和Gensini積分系統(tǒng)對每支血管狹窄程度進行定量分析:狹窄<25%為1分,25%~50%為2分,50%~75%為4分,75%~90%為8分,90%~99%為16分,100%閉塞為32分。不同節(jié)段冠狀動脈評分系數:左主干病變得分×5,左前降支近段×2.5,中段×1.5,遠段×1,第1對角支×1,第2對角支×0.5,左回旋支近段×2.5,遠段和后降支均×1,后側支×0.5,右冠狀動脈近段、中段及遠段和后降支均×1。每例患者冠狀動脈病變程度最終積分為各分支積分之和[5]。
1.3 統(tǒng)計學分析數據采用SPSS 13.0統(tǒng)計軟件處理,計量資料采用均數±標準差(±s)表示,多組間均數的比較采用方差分析,兩兩比較采用Bonferroni分析。計數資料采用例數(構成比)表示,組間比較采用χ2檢驗。繪制受試者工作特征(ROC)曲線并計算曲線下面積(AUC),評價TG/HDL-C和HDL-C診斷冠心病的價值。多因素Logistic回歸分析TG/HDL-C、HDL-C與冠心病發(fā)病的關系。P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計學意義。
2.1 各組一般資料比較四組年齡、TC、LDL-C、apoB比較,差異無統(tǒng)計學意義(P均>0.05)。肥胖冠心病組男性、高血壓病史、糖尿病史和吸煙比例明顯高于其他三組,TG和TG/HDL-C明顯高于其他三組,差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(P均<0.05),表1。
表1 各組一般資料比較
2.2 Logistic回歸分析結果以是否發(fā)生冠心病為因變量,以TG/HDL-C為自變量,經多因素Logistic回歸分析,發(fā)現TG/HDL-C是肥胖者發(fā)生冠心病的危險因素(OR=1.825,95%CI:1.294~2.573);校正年齡、性別后TG/HDL-C仍是肥胖者發(fā)生冠心病的危險因素(OR=1.532,95%CI:1.009~2.135);校正TC、TG、HDL-C、LDL-C、apoA和apoB后,TG/HDL-C對于肥胖者冠心病發(fā)病無影響。
以是否發(fā)生冠心病為因變量,以TG/HDL-C為自變量,經多因素Logistic回歸分析,發(fā)現TG/HDL-C是非肥胖者發(fā)生冠心病的危險因素(OR=1.952,95%CI:1.323~2.878);校正年齡、性別后,發(fā)現TG/HDL-C是非肥胖者發(fā)生冠心病的危險因素(OR=3.367,95%CI:1.696~6.685);校正TC、TG、HDL-C、LDL-C、apoA和apoB后,TG/HDL-C對于非肥胖者冠心病發(fā)病無影響。
2.3 TG/HDL-C和HDL-C診斷肥胖、非肥胖冠心病患者的價值TG/HDL-C診斷肥胖冠心病ROC曲線下面積為0.726,HDL-C為0.794;TG/HDL-C診斷體型正常冠心病的ROC曲線下面積為0.751,HDL-C為0.779(表2、圖1、圖2)。
表2 TG/HDL-C和HDL-C診斷肥胖、非肥胖冠心病的ROC曲線
圖1 TG/HDL-C和HDL-C診斷肥胖者冠心病的ROC曲線
圖2 TG/HDL-C和HDL-C診斷正常體型冠心病的ROC曲線
TG/HDL-C又稱為“血漿動脈粥樣硬化指數”(AIP)[6],越來越多的研究證實,其可以用來評估發(fā)生冠心病的風險。有研究稱[7,8],TG/HDL-C可以預測擬診心肌缺血患者冠心病發(fā)病率和預后。本研究發(fā)現,無論肥胖或正常體型,冠心病患者TG/HDL-C明顯高于對照者。研究[6]稱TG/HDL-C與LDL-C有關,AIP與LDL-C顆粒大小呈負相關,間接反映LDL-C顆粒大小。小而密的LDL更易被氧化[9],并引起動脈粥樣硬化。但是有研究認為[10],TG/HDL-C比值歸根到底反映的是致動脈粥樣硬化因素與抗動脈粥樣硬化因素之間的比例,有些患者TG尚處于正常范圍,HDL-C水平降低,仍可能發(fā)生冠心病,發(fā)病風險增高[11-14]。本研究發(fā)現,在校正了TC、TG、HDL-C、LDL-C、apoA和apoB后,無論在肥胖者還是非肥胖者,TG/HDL-C對冠心病發(fā)病無明顯影響。其次,由于飲食習慣和基因等多種因素影響,國人血脂譜更多的表現為低HDL-C,本課題組研究[15]也顯示低HDL-C可預測陜西人群冠心病發(fā)生風險以及冠心病行PCI患者的預后,提示HDL-C可能與冠心病的發(fā)生更為密切。在著名的Framingham研究[16]中,發(fā)現約43%~44%的冠心病發(fā)生于血漿HDL-C水平低于40 mg/dl的患者,與HDL-C高于65 mg/dl的患者相比,低于35 mg/dl的患者心血管事件風險升高8倍。
同時肥胖也是冠心病的獨立危險因素。Framingham心臟研究對2252例男性和2818例女性進行了26年的隨訪,發(fā)現冠心病發(fā)病率隨肥胖指標的增加而增加,50歲以下的肥胖男性冠心病發(fā)病率是非肥胖者的2倍,女性為2.4倍。肥胖時,TC和TG升高,HDL-C降低。本研究中,相對于體型正常者,肥胖者血清TG升高明顯,HDL-C明顯降低。總之,通過病例對照研究發(fā)現,TG/HDL-C比值不是國人冠心病的獨立危險因素。
[1] Shai I,Rimm EB,Hankinson SE,et al. Multivariate assessment of lipid parameters as predictors of coronary heart disease among postmenopausal women: potential implications for clinical guidelines[J].Circulation,2004,110(18):2824-30.
[2] Prospective Studies Collaboration,Lewington S,Whitlock G,et al. Blood cholesterol and vascular mortality by age, sex, and blood pressure:a meta-analysis of individual data from 61 prospective studies with 55,000 vascular deaths[J]. Lancet,2007,370(9602):1829-39.
[3] Bampi AB,Rochitte CE,Favarato D,et al. Comparison of non-invasive methods for the detection of coronary atherosclerosis[J]. Clinics,2009,64(7):675-82.
[4] Nikolsky E,Kosinski E,Mishkel GJ,et al. Impact of obesity on revascularization and restenosis rates after bare-metal and drugeluting stent implantation (from the TAXUS-IV trial)[J]. Am J Cardiol,2005,95(6):709-15.
[5] Gensini GG. A More Meaningful Scoring System for Determining the Severity of Coronary Heart Disease[J]. Am J Cardiol,1983,51(3):606.
[6] Onat A,Can G,Kaya H,et al. “Atherogenic index of plasma”(log10 triglyceride /high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol) predicts high blood pressure, diabetes, and vascular events[J]. J Clin Lipidol,2010,4(2):89-98.
[7] 張代民,張瑩,李霆. 血清甘油三酯/高密度脂蛋白膽固醇比值對冠心病的診斷價值[J]. 現代診斷與治療,2006,17(2):68-9.
[8] 方葉青,楊天倫,陳小彬. 血脂比值和單項血脂與冠脈狹窄程度的相關分析[J]. 湘南學院學報(醫(yī)學版),2006,8(4):7-8.
[9] 汪俊軍,莊一義. 冠心病患者低密度脂蛋白亞組分的分布及氧化易感性的研究[J]. 中華醫(yī)學雜志,1998(11):833-4.
[10] 潘愛明,陶章. 部分血脂比值檢測在冠狀動脈硬化性心臟病患者中的臨床價值[J]. 臨床和實驗醫(yī)學雜志,2009,8(11):14-5.
[11] Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults. Executive summary of the third report of the national cholesterol education program (ncep) expert panel on detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood cholesterol in adults(adult treatment panel Ⅲ)[J]. JAMA,2001,285(19):2486-97.
[12] 陳青,吳小凡,張曉霞,等. 不同年齡冠狀動脈慢性完全閉塞患者的代謝性危險因素分析[J].中國醫(yī)藥,2017,12(5):650-4.
[13] 喬曼麗,馮妍,王以新,等. 不同年齡女性早發(fā)冠狀動脈粥樣硬化性心臟病危險因素比較[J].中國醫(yī)藥,2016,11(2):145-9.
[14] 趙君,潘明康,張鳳秀,等. 超聲造影評價冠狀動脈粥樣硬化性心臟病患者頸動脈斑塊新生血管與血脂水平的關系[J]. 中國醫(yī)藥,2017,12(7):975-7.
[15] Lu Q,Tian G,Zhang Y,et al. Low HDL-C predicts risk and PCI outcomes in the Han Chinese population[J]. Atherosclerosis,2013,226(1):193-7.
[16] Gordon T,Castelli WP,Hjortland MC,et al. High-density lipoprotein as a protective factor against coronary heart-disease - Framingham study[J].Am J Med,1977,62(5):707-14.
本文編輯:姚雪莉
Diagnostic values of TG/HDL-C and HDL-C to patients with coronary heart disease in different body types
Liu Ping*, Huo Jianhua, Bai Ling, Lu Qun, Ma Aiqun.
*Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China.
ObjectiveTo discuss the diagnostic values of ratio of triglyceride to high-density lipoproteincholesterol (TG/HDL-C) and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) to patients with coronary heart disease(CHD) in different body types.MethodsThe patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS, n=212) and health controls with matched age and sex (n=174) were chosen from the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center from Aug. 2008 to Aug. 2009. All subjects were divided, according to body mass index (BMI) and whether ACS onset or not, into normal group (n=99, BMI=18.5 kg/m2-23.9 kg/m2), obesity group (n=75, weight≥28 kg/m2), CHD group (n=79) and obesity CHD group (n=133).The levels of total cholesterol (TC), TG, HDL-C, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), apolipoprotein A (apoA) and apolipoprotein B (apoB) were detected and TG/HDL-C was calculated in all groups.ResultsThe percentages of the male, patients with hypertension and diabetes history and smoking cases, and TG and TG/HDL-C were significantly higher in obesity CHD group than those in other 3 groups (all P<0.05). Taken whether CHD onset or not as dependent variable and TG/HDL-C as independent variable, the multi-factor Logistic regression analysis showed that TG/HDL-C was the risk factor of CHD in obesity patients (OR=1.825, 95%CI: 1.294~2.573). After corrected age, sex, TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C, apoA and apoB, TG/HDL-C had no effect on CHD onset in obesity patients. Taken whether CHD onset or not as dependent variable and TG/HDL-C as independent variable, the multi-factor Logistic regression analysis showed that TG/HDL-C was the risk factor of CHD in non-obesity patients(OR=1.952, 95%CI: 1.323~2.878). After corrected age, sex, TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C, apoA and apoB, TG/HDL-C had no effect on CHD onset in non-obesity patients. The receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) showed that the area under curve (AUC) of TG/HDL-C was 0.726 and AUC of HDL-C was 0.794 in diagnosis of obesity CHD,and AUC of TG/HDL-C was 0.751 and AUC of HDL-C was 0.779 in diagnosis of non-obesity CHD.ConclusionTG/HDL-C is not independent risk factor of CHD onset, and TG/HDL-C and HDL-C have higher efficacy in CHD diagnosis in patients in different body types.
Coronary heart disease; Obesity; Ratio of triglyceride to high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol;High-density lipoprotein-cholesterol
Lu Qun, E-mail: luqun00@163.com
R514.4 【文獻標志碼】 A 【文獻標志碼】1674-4055(2017)09-1037-03
陜西省科技惠民計劃(S2016YFHM0009);陜西省科技創(chuàng)新統(tǒng)籌重點工程項目(2012KTCQ03-05)
1710061 西安,西安交通大學醫(yī)學院第一附屬醫(yī)院心血管內科;2710061 西安,西安環(huán)境與疾病相關基因教育部重點實驗室(心血管離子通道病研究室);3710061 西安,陜西省分子心臟病學重點實驗室
盧群,E-mail:luqun00@163.com
10.3969/j.issn.1674-4055.2017.09.04