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超聲引導(dǎo)下經(jīng)皮微波消融與肝動(dòng)脈化療栓塞治療原發(fā)性肝癌的臨床效果

2017-11-02 10:41侯鵬飛陳永忠焦連華
實(shí)用癌癥雜志 2017年10期
關(guān)鍵詞:消融經(jīng)皮栓塞

侯鵬飛 陳永忠 劉 偉 焦連華 楊 軍

超聲引導(dǎo)下經(jīng)皮微波消融與肝動(dòng)脈化療栓塞治療原發(fā)性肝癌的臨床效果

侯鵬飛 陳永忠 劉 偉 焦連華 楊 軍

目的探討超聲引導(dǎo)下經(jīng)皮微波消融與肝動(dòng)脈化療栓塞治療原發(fā)性肝癌的臨床效果。方法選擇原發(fā)性肝癌患者86例作為研究對(duì)象,根據(jù)隨機(jī)數(shù)字表法分為觀察組與對(duì)照組各43例,對(duì)照組給予肝動(dòng)脈化療栓塞治療,觀察組給予超聲引導(dǎo)下經(jīng)皮微波消融治療,記錄兩組近遠(yuǎn)期預(yù)后。結(jié)果兩組治療前ALT、AST水平比較均無(wú)明顯差異(P>0.05),治療后5 d觀察組的ALT、AST水平明顯低于對(duì)照組(P<0.05)。觀察組與對(duì)照組的治療總有效率分別為76.7%和53.5%,觀察組的總有效率明顯高于對(duì)照組(P<0.05)。兩組治療后3個(gè)月的感染、高熱、腹水、消化道出血等并發(fā)癥發(fā)生情況與對(duì)照組比較差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。觀察組治療后6個(gè)月及1年的死亡率分別為2.3%與7.0%,對(duì)照組分別為14.0%和27.9%,觀察組明顯低于對(duì)照組(P<0.05)。結(jié)論相對(duì)于肝動(dòng)脈化療栓塞,超聲引導(dǎo)下經(jīng)皮微波消融治療原發(fā)性肝癌也具有很好的安全性,對(duì)肝臟損害較輕,能提高治療效果,延長(zhǎng)患者的生存時(shí)間。

肝動(dòng)脈化療栓塞;超聲;經(jīng)皮微波消融;原發(fā)性肝癌;肝功能

(ThePracticalJournalofCancer,2017,32:1667~1670)

原發(fā)性肝癌是起源于肝臟上皮或間葉組織的惡性腫瘤,惡性程度較高,就診時(shí)大多為中晚期,死亡率比較高[1]。原發(fā)性肝癌的病因及機(jī)制尚未明確,主要認(rèn)為與病毒性肝炎、酒精、環(huán)境、性激素、化學(xué)物質(zhì)等因素有關(guān)[2-3]。我國(guó)作為乙肝高發(fā)國(guó)家,具有較高的肝癌發(fā)病率。手術(shù)切除既往治療原發(fā)性肝癌的首選手段,能夠有效延長(zhǎng)患者的生存期。但是很多肝癌患者就診時(shí)大多為中晚期,失去了手術(shù)治療的機(jī)會(huì)[4-5]。在肝動(dòng)脈灌注化療中,化療藥物經(jīng)肝動(dòng)脈直接到達(dá)肝臟,可達(dá)到栓塞腫瘤血管的作用。同時(shí)原發(fā)性肝癌的腫瘤供血以肝動(dòng)脈為主,為此肝動(dòng)脈化療栓塞在理論上可有比較好的效果[6]。近年來(lái)超聲引導(dǎo)下經(jīng)皮微波消融因其微創(chuàng)、并發(fā)癥低、操作簡(jiǎn)便及效果顯著等優(yōu)點(diǎn),在肝癌治療中得到廣泛應(yīng)用[7]。微波消融產(chǎn)生的邊界清楚的橢圓壞死區(qū),不僅保證腫瘤組織被有效消融,且能減少對(duì)周?chē)=M織損失[8-9]。本研究探討了超聲引導(dǎo)下經(jīng)皮微波消融與肝動(dòng)脈化療栓塞治療原發(fā)性肝癌的臨床效果,現(xiàn)報(bào)告如下。

1 資料與方法

1.1 一般資料

2009年1月到2015年12月選擇在我院診治的原發(fā)性肝癌患者86例作為研究對(duì)象,納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn):符合中華醫(yī)學(xué)會(huì)外科分會(huì)肝臟外科學(xué)組關(guān)于原發(fā)性肝癌診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)[1];均為初治原發(fā)性肝癌;無(wú)合并嚴(yán)重的心腦血管、腎肺等器官組織疾??;肝功能Child-Pugh A或B級(jí);術(shù)后均接受隨訪且病例資料完整;均自愿參加并簽署知情同意書(shū);研究得到醫(yī)院倫理委員會(huì)的批準(zhǔn);預(yù)計(jì)生存期≥3個(gè)月。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):妊娠與哺乳期婦女;合并有嚴(yán)重的血液系統(tǒng)、免疫系統(tǒng)疾病者;術(shù)后失訪或隨訪資料不全者。根據(jù)隨機(jī)數(shù)字表法分為觀察組與對(duì)照組各43例,兩組患者的性別、年齡、腫瘤直徑、體重指數(shù)、病灶類(lèi)型等對(duì)比無(wú)明顯差異(P>0.05)。見(jiàn)表1。

表1 兩組一般資料對(duì)比

1.2 治療方法

對(duì)照組:給予肝動(dòng)脈化療栓塞治療,使用Seldinger方法行股動(dòng)脈穿刺,將導(dǎo)管置于肝總動(dòng)脈造影,選擇肝左、肝右動(dòng)脈行灌注化療。

觀察組:給予超聲引導(dǎo)下經(jīng)皮微波消融治療,在超聲引導(dǎo)下,將多極子母針消融電極準(zhǔn)確刺入腫瘤部位,同時(shí)避免損傷肝內(nèi)主要?jiǎng)用}及膽管,將電極針沿腫瘤長(zhǎng)經(jīng)插入底部,進(jìn)行射頻消融治療。射頻消融儀在電子計(jì)算機(jī)控制下將射頻脈沖能量通過(guò)多極針傳導(dǎo)到腫瘤組織中,使腫瘤組織產(chǎn)生局部高溫,從而達(dá)到使腫瘤組織及其鄰近的可能被擴(kuò)散的組織凝固壞死的目的,壞死組織在原位被機(jī)化或吸收。消融參數(shù):頻率40 MHz,極板直徑25 cm左右,電容式無(wú)創(chuàng)加熱,每周1~2次,時(shí)間為1 h,治療功率約為600 W,反射功率控制在5%以?xún)?nèi),將每次加熱時(shí)的溫度及功率曲線進(jìn)行連續(xù)記錄,體表溫度41 ℃左右。

1.3 觀察指標(biāo)

在治療前與治療后7 d進(jìn)行肝功能谷丙轉(zhuǎn)氨酶(ALT)、谷草轉(zhuǎn)氨酶(AST)的測(cè)定。在治療后3個(gè)月進(jìn)行近期療效判定,完全緩解:臨床癥狀及病灶消失。部分緩解:臨床癥狀明顯好轉(zhuǎn),病灶縮小50%以上。穩(wěn)定:臨床癥狀好轉(zhuǎn),病灶縮小25%~50%。進(jìn)展:臨床癥狀無(wú)明顯好轉(zhuǎn),病灶無(wú)改變甚至出現(xiàn)新增病灶。治療總有效率=(完全緩解+部分緩解+穩(wěn)定)/總數(shù)×100%。記錄兩組治療后3個(gè)月出現(xiàn)的并發(fā)癥情況,包括感染、高熱、腹水、消化道出血等。對(duì)比分析兩組患者6個(gè)月及1年的死亡率情況。

1.4 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法

所有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)資料都采用SPSS 21.00專(zhuān)業(yè)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)軟件進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)分析,計(jì)量資料以均數(shù)±標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差表示,計(jì)數(shù)資料以率(n%)表示,對(duì)比采用t檢驗(yàn)與χ2檢驗(yàn)等,P<0.05 評(píng)價(jià)為差異具有顯著性。

2 結(jié)果

2.1 肝功能變化對(duì)比

兩組治療前的ALT、AST水平比較均無(wú)明顯差異(P>0.05),治療后5 d觀察組的ALT、AST水平明顯低于對(duì)照組(P<0.05)。見(jiàn)表2。

2.2 兩組治療療效比較

觀察組與對(duì)照組的治療總有效率分別為76.7%和53.5%,觀察組的總有效率明顯高于對(duì)照組(χ2=5.772,P<0.05)。見(jiàn)表3。

表2 兩組治療前后肝功能指標(biāo)變化

表3 兩組治療療效對(duì)比/例

2.3 并發(fā)癥情況對(duì)比

兩組治療后3個(gè)月的感染、高熱、腹水、消化道出血等并發(fā)癥發(fā)生情況與對(duì)照組對(duì)比,差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(χ2=0.078,P>0.05)。見(jiàn)表4。

表4 兩組治療后并發(fā)癥發(fā)生情況對(duì)比/例

2.4 生存情況對(duì)比

觀察組治療后半年及1年死亡率分別為2.3%與7.0%,對(duì)照組為14.0%和27.9%,觀察組明顯低于對(duì)照組(P<0.05)。見(jiàn)表5。

表5 兩組生存情況對(duì)比(例,%)

3 討論

原發(fā)性肝癌是臨床中最常見(jiàn)的惡性腫瘤,發(fā)病率為所有腫瘤中第五位,死亡率第三位。手術(shù)切除長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)都被作為原發(fā)性肝癌的首選治療手段,通過(guò)對(duì)腫瘤的切除,延長(zhǎng)患者的生存期,其臨床效果也被臨床所認(rèn)可[10]。但是很多患者就診時(shí)已經(jīng)發(fā)展至中晚期,可接受根治手術(shù)患者約不足20%,導(dǎo)致肝癌患者整體預(yù)后較差,生存期較短[11-12]。

肝臟具有特殊的解剖結(jié)構(gòu),有非常豐富的血供,由門(mén)靜脈及肝動(dòng)脈雙重供血。肝動(dòng)脈灌注化療是將化療和灌注技術(shù)緊密結(jié)合,不增加周?chē)=M織的藥物濃度,也可增加病灶區(qū)域內(nèi)的藥物濃度,促進(jìn)腫瘤壞死[13]。肝動(dòng)脈灌注化療也能通過(guò)損傷DNA誘導(dǎo)凋亡,使凋亡抑制基因失使腫瘤細(xì)胞進(jìn)入凋亡程序。超聲引導(dǎo)下經(jīng)皮微波消融屬于物理熱消融技術(shù),主要通過(guò)針型電極在腫瘤內(nèi)部釋放交流電磁波,當(dāng)溫度高于60 ℃時(shí)即可使腫瘤出血壞死,腫瘤細(xì)胞蛋白變性死亡[14-15]。微波消融能增加腫瘤局部以及外周血免疫細(xì)胞抗腫瘤能力,并能減少腫瘤轉(zhuǎn)移風(fēng)險(xiǎn)[16]。微波消融的電極針只涉及直徑最大5 cm范圍,對(duì)其余的肝組織影響不大,特別是對(duì)于嚴(yán)重肝硬化患者盡量保存有功能的肝組織是非常重要的[17]。

本研究顯示,兩組治療前的ALT、AST水平比較均無(wú)明顯差異(P>0.05),治療后5 d觀察組的ALT、AST水平明顯低于對(duì)照組(P<0.05);觀察組與對(duì)照組的治療總有效率分別為76.7%和53.5%,觀察組的總有效率明顯高于對(duì)照組(P<0.05),表明微波消融的應(yīng)用對(duì)肝臟的損傷比較輕,也能提高治療療效。

肝動(dòng)脈灌注化療主要是增加病灶區(qū)域內(nèi)的藥物濃度,對(duì)正常組織的影響小;并且由于化療藥物殺傷癌細(xì)胞的效果與藥物濃度呈正相關(guān),因而被殺傷的癌細(xì)胞數(shù)目明顯增多,全身的毒性反應(yīng)比較小[18]。超聲引導(dǎo)下經(jīng)皮微波消融能避免開(kāi)腹創(chuàng)傷,特別適用于肝功能不良、手術(shù)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)大或無(wú)法手術(shù)切除的肝癌患者。特別是熱療可通過(guò)阻止DNA單鏈斷裂的修復(fù)從而阻斷放射受損細(xì)胞的修復(fù),其協(xié)同機(jī)制在于熱療有效降低了DNA聚合酶的作用,阻止了DNA單鏈斷裂的修復(fù)[19]。本研究顯示兩組治療后3個(gè)月的感染、高熱、腹水、消化道出血等并發(fā)癥發(fā)生情況與對(duì)照組對(duì)比差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),表明兩種治療方法都有很好的安全性。特別是在亞高溫情況下,腫瘤的血流量迅速增加,同時(shí)增加了氧分壓,相關(guān)周?chē)鞴僖部梢越邮艹曇龑?dǎo)下射頻熱療不會(huì)對(duì)周?chē)M織造成損害[20-21]。本研究顯示觀察組治療后6個(gè)月及1年的死亡率分別為2.3%與7.0%,對(duì)照組為14.0%和27.9%,觀察組明顯低于對(duì)照組(P<0.05)。這與治療的微創(chuàng)性相關(guān),超聲引導(dǎo)下經(jīng)皮微波消融能避免對(duì)正常組織的損傷,進(jìn)而減少手術(shù)風(fēng)險(xiǎn),促進(jìn)術(shù)后恢復(fù)[17]。

綜上所述,相對(duì)于肝動(dòng)脈化療栓塞,超聲引導(dǎo)下經(jīng)皮微波消融治療原發(fā)性肝癌也具有很好的安全性,對(duì)肝臟損害較輕,能提高治療效果,延長(zhǎng)患者的生存時(shí)間。

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ClinicalEffectsofUltrasound-guidedPercutaneousMicrowaveAblationandTranscatheterArterialChemoembolizationforPrimaryLiverCancer

HOUPengfei,CHENYongzhong,LIUWei,etal.

PuyangOilfeildGeneralHospital,Puyang,457001

ObjectiveTo investigate the clinical effects of ultrasound-guided percutaneous microwave ablation and transcatheter arterial chemoembolization in the treatment of primary liver cancer.Methods86 cases of primary liver cancer patients were selected as the research object,all the cases were randomly divided into the observation group and the control group,with 43 cases in each group.The control group

transcatheter arterial chemoembolization therapy,the observation group received ultrasound guided percutaneous microwave ablation treatment,The short-term and long-term prognosis in the 2 groups were recorded.ResultsThere were no significant difference in the levels of ALT and AST compared between the 2 groups before treatment (P>0.05).The ALT and AST levels in the observation group after treatment 5d were significantly lower than those of the control group (P<0.05).The total effective rate of the observation group and the control group were 76.7% and 53.4%,respectively.The total effective rate of the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group (P<0.05).There were no significant difference compared between the 2 groups in the treatment of infection,high fever,ascites,gastrointestinal bleeding and other complications 3 months after treatment (P>0.05).The 6-month and 1-year mortality rates of the observation group were 2.3% and 7.0%,and the control group were 14% and 27.9%,respectively.The observation group was significantly lower than that of the control group (P<0.05).ConclusionCompared with hepatic artery chemoembolization,ultrasound guided percutaneous microwave ablation for hepatocellular carcinoma also has good safety,it has less damage to the liver,and can improve the therapeutic effect and prolong the survival time of patients.

Transcatheter arterial chemoembolization;Ultrasound;Percutaneous microwave ablation;Primary liver cancer;Liver function

457001 河南省濮陽(yáng)市油田總醫(yī)院(侯鵬飛,劉 偉,焦連華,楊 軍);450000 鄭州大學(xué)第一附屬醫(yī)院(陳永忠)

10.3969/j.issn.1001-5930.2017.10.030

R735.7

A

1001-5930(2017)10-1667-04

2017-05-08

2017-06-19)

(編輯吳小紅)

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