国产日韩欧美一区二区三区三州_亚洲少妇熟女av_久久久久亚洲av国产精品_波多野结衣网站一区二区_亚洲欧美色片在线91_国产亚洲精品精品国产优播av_日本一区二区三区波多野结衣 _久久国产av不卡

?

CDK2基因沉默聯(lián)合達(dá)卡巴嗪對(duì)B16?F1黑素瘤的生長(zhǎng)抑制作用

2017-11-07 03:14晉佳路朱仁書(shū)謝育媛劉紅春
中華皮膚科雜志 2017年9期
關(guān)鍵詞:黑素瘤抑制率小鼠

晉佳路 朱仁書(shū) 謝育媛 劉紅春

458030河南,鶴壁職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院醫(yī)學(xué)院檢驗(yàn)系(晉佳路、朱仁書(shū));湖北省食品藥品監(jiān)督檢驗(yàn)研究院生物制品檢定所(謝育媛);鄭州大學(xué)第一附屬醫(yī)院檢驗(yàn)科(劉紅春)

CDK2基因沉默聯(lián)合達(dá)卡巴嗪對(duì)B16?F1黑素瘤的生長(zhǎng)抑制作用

晉佳路 朱仁書(shū) 謝育媛 劉紅春

458030河南,鶴壁職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院醫(yī)學(xué)院檢驗(yàn)系(晉佳路、朱仁書(shū));湖北省食品藥品監(jiān)督檢驗(yàn)研究院生物制品檢定所(謝育媛);鄭州大學(xué)第一附屬醫(yī)院檢驗(yàn)科(劉紅春)

目的探討CDK2基因沉默后對(duì)達(dá)卡巴嗪(DTIC)治療B16?F1黑素瘤抑瘤效應(yīng)的影響。方法實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)對(duì)照組、CDK2?shRNA組、DTIC組、CDK2?shRNA+DTIC組,MTT法檢測(cè)各組細(xì)胞生長(zhǎng)抑制情況,計(jì)算藥物相互作用指數(shù)(CDI值),AnnexinV?FITC/PI雙染法檢測(cè)細(xì)胞凋亡情況。建立C57 BL/6小鼠B16?F1細(xì)胞移植瘤模型,分組實(shí)驗(yàn),持續(xù)觀(guān)察18 d,繪制腫瘤生長(zhǎng)曲線(xiàn),計(jì)算腫瘤生長(zhǎng)抑制率,TUNEL檢測(cè)腫瘤組織細(xì)胞凋亡情況。結(jié)果與對(duì)照組相比,CDK2?shRNA組、DTIC組、CDK2?shRNA+DTIC組在72h的細(xì)胞相對(duì)存活率分別為(40.6±2.8)%、(45.2±3.7)%、(28.7±2.1)%,細(xì)胞凋亡率分別為(25.1±3.3)%、(15.6±2.2)%和(45.6±3.5)%,細(xì)胞相對(duì)存活率顯著降低(F=458.04,P<0.05)而細(xì)胞凋亡率顯著升高(F=115.46,P<0.05),其中CDK2?shRNA+DTIC組比DTIC組的細(xì)胞相對(duì)存活率顯著降低(P<0.01),而細(xì)胞凋亡率顯著升高(P<0.01);兩藥相互作用指數(shù)(CDI值)<0.7。治療第6天,對(duì)照組、CDK2?shRNA組、DTIC組及CDK2?shRNA+DTIC組的腫瘤體積分別為(185.44±68.97)mm3、(83.91 ± 14.33)mm3、(123.70 ± 20.85)mm3、(34.54 ± 10.72)mm3。從治療的第6天開(kāi)始,與對(duì)照組相比,CDK2?shRNA組、DTIC組及CDK2?shRNA+DTIC組的腫瘤生長(zhǎng)速度明顯降低(F=11.819,P< 0.05),而CDK2?shRNA+DTIC組的腫瘤生長(zhǎng)速度明顯低于DTIC組(P=0.04);與對(duì)照組相比,CDK2?shRNA組、DTIC組、CDK2?shRNA+DTIC組的腫瘤生長(zhǎng)抑制率分別為52.2%、41.2%、86.4%,組織細(xì)胞凋亡指數(shù)分別為(32.93±3.72)%、(21.62±3.54)%、(63.29±4.74)%,組織細(xì)胞凋亡指數(shù)顯著升高(F=222.25,P<0.05),其中CDK2?shRNA+DTIC組的組織細(xì)胞凋亡指數(shù)顯著高于DTIC組(P<0.01)。結(jié)論沉默CDK2基因的表達(dá)可以增加DTIC對(duì)黑素瘤的生長(zhǎng)抑制作用,二者體外有協(xié)同效應(yīng),通過(guò)增加腫瘤細(xì)胞的凋亡是其機(jī)制之一。

黑色素瘤;達(dá)卡巴嗪;細(xì)胞周期蛋白依賴(lài)激酶2;基因沉默;細(xì)胞凋亡

惡性黑素瘤發(fā)生隱匿,在世界范圍內(nèi)發(fā)病率和致死性在持續(xù)升高[1?2]。治療惡性黑素瘤主要方式是手術(shù)切除和放療,一旦發(fā)生轉(zhuǎn)移,各種化療療效不理想,預(yù)后差[3?5]。達(dá)卡巴嗪(dacarbazine,DTIC)是第一個(gè)由美國(guó)食品藥品監(jiān)督管理局(FDA)批準(zhǔn)的治療惡性黑素瘤的藥物,至今仍作為評(píng)價(jià)其他藥物對(duì)黑素瘤療效的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)[6?8]。然而臨床隨機(jī)對(duì)照試驗(yàn)研究顯示DTIC單藥的有效率僅為6%~12%,中位生存5 ~ 6個(gè)月[6?8]。其他化療藥物及聯(lián)合化療方案與DTIC相比,在臨床Ⅲ期試驗(yàn)中并沒(méi)有表現(xiàn)出明顯優(yōu)勢(shì)[6?9]。因此,有必要針對(duì)黑素瘤的特點(diǎn)尋找新的治療方案。CDK2是周期素依賴(lài)性蛋白激酶(cyclin dependent kinase,CDK)家族的重要成員,對(duì)細(xì)胞分裂周期起關(guān)鍵作用[10?11]。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),黑素瘤中CDK2的表達(dá)非?;钴S[12],且黑素瘤過(guò)于依賴(lài)CDK2蛋白,而正常的細(xì)胞則不太需要這種蛋白[13],因此下調(diào)CDK2基因表達(dá)水平有可能阻止或延緩細(xì)胞分裂增殖,達(dá)到抗腫瘤的目的。我們前期[14?16]針對(duì)小鼠黑素瘤構(gòu)建了重組慢病毒pUL?CDK2?shRNA,檢測(cè)了其基因沉默效應(yīng)和抑瘤效應(yīng),本實(shí)驗(yàn)在前期實(shí)驗(yàn)的基礎(chǔ)上,選擇B16?F1黑素瘤細(xì)胞,進(jìn)行體內(nèi)、體外試驗(yàn),觀(guān)察CDK2基因被重組慢病毒pUL?CDK2?shRNA沉默后,化療藥物DTIC對(duì)黑素瘤的生長(zhǎng)抑制作用,為臨床應(yīng)用提供實(shí)驗(yàn)依據(jù)。

材料與方法

一、材料

B16?F1細(xì)胞(中國(guó)典型培養(yǎng)物保藏中心),DMEM培養(yǎng)液、胰蛋白酶(美國(guó)Hycolone公司),胎牛血清(杭州四季青公司),噻唑藍(lán)(MTT)、二甲基亞砜(DMSO)、碘化丙錠(PI)、DTIC(美國(guó)Sigma公司),AnnexinV?FITC/PI(南京凱基生物科技發(fā)展有限公司),Tunel試劑盒(德國(guó)Roche公司)。

二、方法

1.細(xì)胞培養(yǎng):雌性小鼠C57BL/6[許可證號(hào)SYXK(豫)2011?0001,合格證SCXK2012?0001],5 ~6周齡,體重(12±2)g,購(gòu)自北京維通利華實(shí)驗(yàn)動(dòng)物技術(shù)有限公司,SPF級(jí)環(huán)境飼養(yǎng);小鼠黑素瘤細(xì)胞株B16?F1,用含10%胎牛血清、100 U/ml青霉素和100 μg/ml鏈霉素的DMEM培養(yǎng)液,在37℃、5%CO2及飽和濕度條件下培養(yǎng),取對(duì)數(shù)生長(zhǎng)期的細(xì)胞用于實(shí)驗(yàn)。

2.細(xì)胞分組:B16?F1細(xì)胞分為4組。①對(duì)照組:將B16?F1細(xì)胞按3 × 103個(gè)/孔接種于96孔板,12 h后不干預(yù);②CDK2?shRNA 組:利用 pUL?CDK2?shRNA重組慢病毒感染B16?F1細(xì)胞,將感染的B16?F1細(xì)胞按3×103個(gè)/孔接種于96孔板,12 h后不干預(yù);③DTIC組:將B16?F1細(xì)胞按3 × 103個(gè)/孔接種于96孔板,12 h后用250 μmol/L的DTIC孵育;④CDK2?shRNA+DTIC組:用CDK2?shRNA重組慢病毒感染B16?F1細(xì)胞,將感染的B16?F1細(xì)胞按3 × 103個(gè)/孔接種于96孔板,12 h后用250 μmol/L的DTIC孵育。

3.MTT實(shí)驗(yàn)檢測(cè)各組細(xì)胞的生長(zhǎng)抑制作用:將上述4組細(xì)胞,每組設(shè)3個(gè)復(fù)孔取均值,并設(shè)1組空白對(duì)照孔,分別于24、48、72、96 h加入MTT溶液,培養(yǎng)4 h后吸去孔內(nèi)培養(yǎng)液,加入DMSO 150 μl,避光,置搖床振蕩5 min(150 r/min),使結(jié)晶充分溶解,置酶標(biāo)儀檢測(cè)570 nm的A值,空白對(duì)照調(diào)零,取各組A值的平均值,計(jì)算細(xì)胞相對(duì)存活率。細(xì)胞相對(duì)存活率%=實(shí)驗(yàn)組平均A值/對(duì)照組平均A值 ×100%。實(shí)驗(yàn)重復(fù)3次取均值。

采用兩藥相互作用指數(shù)(coefficient of drug interaction,CDI)評(píng)價(jià)兩藥相互作用性質(zhì)。按下列公式計(jì)算CDI值:CDI=AB/(A×B),A或B是單藥組與對(duì)照組吸光度值的比值,AB為兩藥聯(lián)合組與對(duì)照組吸光度值的比值。CDI=1,兩藥作用性質(zhì)為相加;CDI< 1,兩藥作用性質(zhì)為協(xié)同;CDI< 0.7時(shí),兩藥作用性質(zhì)為顯著協(xié)同作用;CDI>1,則兩藥作用性質(zhì)為拮抗[17]。

4.AnnexinV?FITC/PI雙染法檢測(cè)細(xì)胞凋亡:細(xì)胞分組方式及實(shí)驗(yàn)干預(yù)方式與MTT實(shí)驗(yàn)相同,不同之處是細(xì)胞按1.5×105個(gè)/孔接種于6孔板,干預(yù)72 h后用胰酶消化,離心收集各組細(xì)胞,預(yù)冷PBS洗2遍,用緩沖液結(jié)合緩沖液重懸,制成單細(xì)胞懸液,密度為1 × 106/ml。取0.1 ml細(xì)胞懸液,加入5 μl FITC?AnnexinV,5 μl PI混勻后,室溫避光反應(yīng)15 min,流式細(xì)胞儀檢測(cè),Cell Quest軟件分析結(jié)果。

5.荷黑素瘤小鼠模型的建立及分組:收集對(duì)數(shù)生長(zhǎng)期B16?F1細(xì)胞,離心、用PBS洗滌、重懸、細(xì)胞計(jì)數(shù)、按2×106個(gè)細(xì)胞/瘤的劑量,接種于C57BL/6小鼠的右側(cè)腹股溝皮下。待瘤塊直徑為2 mm時(shí),將荷瘤小鼠分為4組,每組5只。①對(duì)照組:采用癌灶多點(diǎn)注射的方法向瘤子注射PBS,觀(guān)察18 d;②CDK2?shRNA組:采用癌灶多點(diǎn)注射的方法將pUL?CDK2?shRNA重組慢病毒(滴度為2× 108TU/ml)導(dǎo)入腫瘤灶,每只小鼠200 μl,隔日1次,共6次,觀(guān)察18 d;③DTIC組:每隔3天按70 mg/kg劑量腹腔注射DTIC;④CDK2?shRNA+DTIC組:用②和③的方式聯(lián)合處理。

6.體內(nèi)抑瘤效應(yīng)的觀(guān)察:每天觀(guān)察小鼠腫瘤生長(zhǎng)情況,每隔2天用游標(biāo)卡尺測(cè)量腫瘤的長(zhǎng)短徑,按下列公式計(jì)算腫瘤體積:腫瘤體積=0.5×瘤體長(zhǎng)徑×(瘤體短徑)2,然后根據(jù)腫瘤體積繪制生長(zhǎng)曲線(xiàn)。

7.抑瘤率測(cè)定:實(shí)驗(yàn)18 d后,剝出皮下完整瘤塊,放在稱(chēng)量紙上稱(chēng)重,按以下公式計(jì)算腫瘤生長(zhǎng)抑制率:抑瘤率=(對(duì)照組平均瘤重-治療組平均瘤重)/對(duì)照組平均瘤重×100%。

8.TUNEL法檢測(cè)腫瘤細(xì)胞凋亡:石蠟切片脫蠟水化,蛋白酶K 37℃處理組織30 min,PBS漂洗3次后,滴加反應(yīng)混合物,陰性對(duì)照僅加50 μl熒光素標(biāo)記的dUTP液,37℃加蓋玻片在暗室盒中反應(yīng)1 h,PBS漂洗3次,滴加POD 50 μl,在濕盒中37 ℃反應(yīng)30 min,PBS漂洗3次,滴加AEC顯色,蘇木素襯染1 min,水洗藍(lán)化,封片劑封片,立即鏡檢拍照,核呈紅色的細(xì)胞為凋亡細(xì)胞。每例隨機(jī)觀(guān)察5個(gè)高倍鏡視野(×400),計(jì)算細(xì)胞凋亡指數(shù)(apoptosis index,AI),AI=(TUNEL染色陽(yáng)性細(xì)胞數(shù)/腫瘤細(xì)胞數(shù))×100%。

9.統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析:采用SPSS 21.0統(tǒng)計(jì)軟件分析,計(jì)量資料用±s表示,多組間均數(shù)比較采用單因素方差分析,組間兩兩比較采用LDS方法,P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。

結(jié) 果

一、細(xì)胞生長(zhǎng)抑制作用檢測(cè)

分別于24、48、72、96 h用MTT法檢測(cè)各組細(xì)胞的生長(zhǎng)抑制作用,結(jié)果顯示,與對(duì)照組相比,CDK2?shRNA組、DTIC組、CDK2?shRNA+DTIC組細(xì)胞相對(duì)存活率差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(F24h=514.2,P24h<0.05;F48h=541.0,P48h< 0.05;F72h=458.04,P72h<0.05;F96h=660.6,P96h< 0.05),均顯著降低,表現(xiàn)出對(duì)B16?F1細(xì)胞的生長(zhǎng)抑制作用,且呈時(shí)間依賴(lài)關(guān)系,其中各時(shí)間點(diǎn)CDK2?shRNA+DTIC組的細(xì)胞相對(duì)存活率最低,顯著低于DTIC組(P<0.05)。計(jì)算各時(shí)間點(diǎn)的CDI值,均<0.7,說(shuō)明重組慢病毒沉默CDK2基因后可增加DTIC對(duì)黑素瘤的生長(zhǎng)抑制作用,且兩者具有顯著協(xié)同效應(yīng)。見(jiàn)表1。

表1 噻唑藍(lán)法檢測(cè)各種干預(yù)對(duì)B16?F1細(xì)胞的生長(zhǎng)抑制作用(±s)

注:n=3。a:與對(duì)照組比,P < 0.05;b:與DITC組比,P < 0.05。DTIC:達(dá)卡巴嗪;CDK:周期素依賴(lài)性蛋白激酶;CDI值:兩藥相互作用指數(shù)

不同時(shí)間點(diǎn)細(xì)胞相對(duì)存活率(%)組別對(duì)照組CDK2?shRNA組DTIC組CDK2?shRNA+DTIC組F值P值CDI值24 h 100 60.9±2.1a 70.1±1.5a 47.9±2.2ab 514.2<0.05a 0.55 48 h 100 46.3±2.5a 50.4±2.3a 37.6±2.4ab 541.0 96 h 100 34.3±1.6a 41.4±2.2a 25.9±2.5ab 660.6 0.41 72 h 100 40.6±2.8a 45.2±3.7a 28.7±2.1ab 458.04<0.05b 0.320.31

二、細(xì)胞凋亡檢測(cè)

AnnexinV?FITC/PI雙染法檢測(cè)72 h細(xì)胞凋亡,對(duì)照組、CDK2?shRNA組、DTIC組、CDK2?shRNA+DTIC組細(xì)胞凋亡率分別為(6.3± 1.2)%、(25.1±3.3)%、(15.6 ± 2.2)%、(45.6 ± 3.5)%。與對(duì)照組相比,CDK2?shRNA組、DTIC組、CDK2?shRNA+DTIC組細(xì)胞凋亡率差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(F=115.46,CDK2?shRNA組比對(duì)照組,P<0.01;DTIC組比對(duì)照組,P=0.003;CDK2?shRNA+DTIC組比對(duì)照組,P<0.01),均顯著升高,其中CDK2?shRNA+DTIC組細(xì)胞凋亡率最高,顯著高于DTIC組(P<0.01),說(shuō)明沉默CDK2基因后,DTIC對(duì)黑素瘤細(xì)胞的生長(zhǎng)抑制效應(yīng)增加主要是通過(guò)細(xì)胞凋亡的誘導(dǎo)實(shí)現(xiàn)的。見(jiàn)圖1。

圖1 AnnexinV/PI雙染法檢測(cè)細(xì)胞凋亡率 Q2為晚期凋亡,Q4為早期凋亡(從左至右依次為對(duì)照組、CDK2?shRNA組、DTIC組、CDK2?shRNA+DTIC組)

三、小鼠黑素瘤生長(zhǎng)抑制作用檢測(cè)

給C57BL/6小鼠皮下注射一定量的B16?F1細(xì)胞,構(gòu)建皮下黑素瘤模型,第3天可見(jiàn)5 mm3的瘤塊,然后將其分為4組,分別給予PBS、CDK2?shRNA、DTIC、CDK2?shRNA+DTIC進(jìn)行治療,觀(guān)察18 d,每隔2天測(cè)量腫瘤大小,繪制腫瘤生長(zhǎng)曲線(xiàn),結(jié)果顯示,從治療的第6天開(kāi)始,對(duì)照組、CDK2?shRNA組、DTIC組及CDK2?shRNA+DTIC組的腫瘤 體 積 分 別 為(185.44 ± 68.97)mm3、(83.91 ±14.33)mm3、(123.70 ± 20.85)mm3、(34.54 ± 10.72)mm3。與對(duì)照組相比CDK2?shRNA組、DTIC組及CDK2?shRNA+DTIC組的腫瘤生長(zhǎng)速度明顯降低(F=11.819,CDK2?shRNA組比對(duì)照組,P=0.001;DTIC組比對(duì)照組,P=0.032;CDK2?shRNA+DTIC組比對(duì)照組P< 0.01),而CDK2?shRNA+DTIC組的腫瘤生長(zhǎng)速度明顯低于DTIC組(P=0.04)。18 d治療結(jié)束后,處死小鼠,剝出腫瘤,稱(chēng)重,計(jì)算腫瘤生長(zhǎng)抑制率。結(jié)果顯示,與對(duì)照組相比,CDK2?shRNA組、DTIC組、CDK2?shRNA+DTIC組腫瘤生長(zhǎng)抑制率分別為52.2%、41.2%、86.4%,其中CDK2?shRNA+DTIC組腫瘤生長(zhǎng)抑制率最高。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果說(shuō)明,沉默CDK2基因可以降低腫瘤的生長(zhǎng)速度,增強(qiáng)DTIC對(duì)黑素瘤的生長(zhǎng)抑制率。見(jiàn)圖2。

圖2 各種干預(yù)對(duì)B16?F1細(xì)胞移植瘤的生長(zhǎng)抑制效應(yīng) 2A:腫瘤生長(zhǎng)曲線(xiàn) a:治療第6天,與對(duì)照組比較,P<0.05;b:與達(dá)卡巴嗪組比較,P<0.05;2B:治療結(jié)束腫瘤外觀(guān) 從左至右依次為對(duì)照組、DTIC組、CDK2?shRNA組、CDK2?shRNA+DTIC組。與對(duì)照組相比,其他3組的腫瘤體積明顯縮小,其中CDK2-shRNA+DTIC組腫瘤體積最小

四、小鼠黑素瘤組織細(xì)胞凋亡結(jié)果

TUNEL染色檢測(cè)腫瘤組織細(xì)胞凋亡情況,細(xì)胞核呈紅色為陽(yáng)性凋亡細(xì)胞,隨機(jī)選取5個(gè)高倍鏡(×400)觀(guān)察凋亡細(xì)胞數(shù),計(jì)算細(xì)胞凋亡指數(shù)(AI),結(jié)果顯示,對(duì)照組、CDK2?shRNA組、DTIC組、CDK2?shRNA+DTIC組的細(xì)胞凋亡指數(shù)分別為(7.78±1.15)%、(32.93 ± 3.72)%、(21.62 ± 3.54)%、(63.29 ±4.74)%,結(jié)果說(shuō)明,與對(duì)照組相比,CDK2?shRNA組、DTIC組、CDK2?shRNA+DTIC組的瘤細(xì)胞凋亡指數(shù)顯著升高(F=222.25,CDK2?shRNA組比對(duì)照組,P< 0.01;DTIC組比對(duì)照組,P< 0.01;CDK2?shRNA+DTIC組比對(duì)照組,P< 0.01),其中CDK2?shRNA+DTIC組的細(xì)胞凋亡指數(shù)最高,顯著高于DTIC組(P<0.01)。說(shuō)明靶向沉默CDK2基因后,DTIC可誘導(dǎo)更多的細(xì)胞凋亡,這可能是其有效抑制腫瘤生長(zhǎng)的潛在機(jī)制。見(jiàn)圖3。

圖3 TUNEL染色檢測(cè)腫瘤細(xì)胞凋亡(AEC染色,×400,紅染的細(xì)胞核為凋亡細(xì)胞) 第1~4排分別為對(duì)照組、CDK2-shRNA組、DTIC組、CDK2-shRNA+DTIC組,與對(duì)照組相比,CDK2-shRNA+DTIC組的的細(xì)胞凋亡指數(shù)最高,顯著高于DTIC組,P<0.05

討 論

DTIC是一種細(xì)胞周期非特異性抗腫瘤烷化劑,主要用于治療轉(zhuǎn)移性黑素瘤,具有直接的細(xì)胞毒作用,通過(guò)對(duì)核酸的甲基化或直接損傷DNA達(dá)到抗癌作用,其不良反應(yīng)主要是抑制正常細(xì)胞增殖[18]。臨床試驗(yàn)顯示其應(yīng)答率不高,中位生存5~6個(gè)月,單藥的有效率僅為10%,具有較大毒副作用[6?8]。其他用于治療黑素瘤的化療藥物,例如,替莫唑胺、鉑類(lèi)似物、長(zhǎng)春花堿類(lèi)、亞硝脲類(lèi)、紫杉烷類(lèi)等;或者免疫制劑例如,干擾素、白細(xì)胞介素2比起DTIC沒(méi)有表現(xiàn)出明顯的優(yōu)勢(shì)[6?8]。由于單藥化療的有效率有限,有人提出了聯(lián)合化療方案。但聯(lián)合化療例如,DTIC+卡莫司汀+順鉑+他莫昔芬,順鉑+長(zhǎng)春堿+DTIC,或者生物化療例如,干擾素α+白細(xì)胞介素2+3種不同的化療藥物(順鉑/長(zhǎng)春堿/DTIC),這些聯(lián)合治療方案與DTIC單藥治療相比未顯示出總體存活優(yōu)勢(shì),或者具有更高的毒性[6?9]。目前,黑素瘤的免疫治療受到重視,抗CTLA?4抗體類(lèi)藥物和抗PD?1/PD?L1抗體類(lèi)藥物相繼上市,它們對(duì)黑素瘤的治療均顯示出一定療效,但也有局限性[18]。為了探討治療黑素瘤的新方法,我們前期[14?16]構(gòu)建了 3 個(gè)重組慢病毒質(zhì)粒 pUL?CDK2?shRNA1~3和1個(gè)陰性對(duì)照重組慢病毒質(zhì)粒pUL?NC?shRNA,篩選出了基因沉默效應(yīng)最好的重組慢病毒質(zhì)粒用于體內(nèi)外實(shí)驗(yàn),顯示出對(duì)小鼠黑素瘤較好抑瘤效應(yīng)。本研究中,我們用前期篩選的基因沉默效應(yīng)最好的重組慢病毒pUL?CDK2?shRNA與DTIC聯(lián)用治療B16?F1黑素瘤,探討其抗瘤效應(yīng)。

本研究MTT法檢測(cè)24、48、72、96 h各組細(xì)胞的生長(zhǎng)抑制結(jié)果顯示,DTIC組在上述不同時(shí)間點(diǎn)的細(xì)胞相對(duì)存活率分別為(70.1±1.5)%、(50.4±2.3)%、(45.2±3.7)%、(41.4±2.2)%,DTIC與重組慢病毒pUL?CDK2?shRNA聯(lián)用后,在上述不同時(shí)間點(diǎn)的細(xì)胞相對(duì)存活率分別為(47.9±2.2)%、(37.6±2.4)%、(28.7±2.1)%、(25.9±2.5)%,顯著降低,兩藥相互作用指數(shù)(CDI值)均P<0.7,表明重組慢病毒pUL?CDK2?shRNA沉默CDK2基因后,可以增加DTIC對(duì)黑素瘤細(xì)胞的生長(zhǎng)抑制率,且兩者有顯著協(xié)同效應(yīng)。在體外實(shí)驗(yàn)的基礎(chǔ)上,探討了CDK2基因沉默后,體內(nèi)試驗(yàn)是否也能增強(qiáng)DTIC的抑瘤效應(yīng)。我們選用B16?F1細(xì)胞移植瘤進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn),結(jié)果顯示,DTIC單用對(duì)移植瘤的生長(zhǎng)抑制率是41.2%,DTIC與重組慢病毒pUL?CDK2?shRNA聯(lián)用對(duì)移植瘤的生長(zhǎng)抑制率是86.4%,顯著高于DTIC單獨(dú)的治療效應(yīng)。

兩藥聯(lián)用出現(xiàn)協(xié)同效應(yīng)其機(jī)制是復(fù)雜的。為了探討pUL?CDK2?shRNA與DTIC聯(lián)用出現(xiàn)協(xié)同效應(yīng)的潛在機(jī)制,用AnnexinV?FITC/PI雙染法檢測(cè)了細(xì)胞凋亡情況,結(jié)果顯示,DTIC與重組慢病毒pUL?CDK2?shRNA聯(lián)合后的細(xì)胞凋亡率(45.6±3.5%)顯著高于DTIC單藥組(15.6±2.2%)。本研究用TUNEL染色法檢測(cè)了組織細(xì)胞的凋亡情況,結(jié)果顯示,DTIC與重組慢病毒pUL?CDK2?shRNA聯(lián)合后組織細(xì)胞凋亡指數(shù)(63.29±4.74)%顯著高于DTIC單藥組(21.62±3.54)%。本文結(jié)果顯示,重組慢病毒pUL?CDK2?shRNA可以增強(qiáng)DTIC對(duì)黑素瘤的抑瘤效應(yīng),主要是通過(guò)凋亡效應(yīng)的增強(qiáng)而實(shí)現(xiàn)的??傊?,重組慢病毒pUL?CDK2?shRNA沉默CDK2基因后,可以增強(qiáng)DTIC對(duì)B16?F1小鼠黑素瘤的生長(zhǎng)抑制作用,顯示出顯著協(xié)同效應(yīng),為黑素瘤治療提供了一個(gè)新的思路。

[1]Tripp MK,Watson M,Balk SJ,et al.State of the science on prevention and screening to reduce melanoma incidence and mortality:The time is now[J].CA Cancer J Clin,2016.DOI:10.3322/caac.21352.

[2]Mayer JE,Swetter SM,Fu T,et al.Screening,early detection,education,and trends for melanoma:current status(2007?2013)and future directions:Part I.Epidemiology,high?risk groups,clinical strategies,and diagnostic technology[J].J Am Acad Dermatol,2014,71(4):599.e1?599.e12;quiz 610,599.e12.DOI:10.1016/j.jaad.2014.05.046.

[3]Mozzillo N,Ascierto PA.Melanoma:the role of surgery in the era of new therapies[J].J Transl Med,2014,12:195.DOI:10.1186/1479?5876?12?195.

[4]van Zeijl MC,van den Eertwegh AJ,Haanen JB,et al.(Neo)adjuvant systemic therapy for melanoma[J].Eur J Surg Oncol,2016.DOI:10.1016/j.ejso.2016.07.001.

[5]Bhatia S,Thompson JA.Systemic therapy for metastatic melanoma in 2012:dawn of a new era[J].J Natl Compr Canc Netw,2012,10(3):403?412.

[6]Wilson MA,Schuchter LM.Chemotherapy for Melanoma[J].Cancer Treat Res,2016,167:209?229.DOI:10.1007/978?3?319?22539?5_8.

[7]Hao M,Song F,Du X,et al.Advances in targeted therapy for unresectable melanoma:new drugs and combinations[J].Cancer Lett,2015,359(1):1?8.DOI:10.1016/j.canlet.2014.12.050.

[8]Agarwala SS.Current systemic therapy for metastatic melanoma[J].Expert Rev Anticancer Ther,2009,9(5):587 ?595.DOI:10.1586/era.09.25.

[9]Yang AS,Chapman PB.The history and future of chemotherapy for melanoma[J].Hematol Oncol Clin North Am,2009,23(3):583?597,x.DOI:10.1016/j.hoc.2009.03.006.

[10]Chohan TA,Qian H,Pan Y,et al.Cyclin?dependent kinase?2 as a target for cancer therapy:progress in the development of CDK2 inhibitors as anti?cancer agents[J].Curr Med Chem,2015,22(2):237?263.

[11]Flores O,Wang Z,Knudsen KE,et al.Nuclear targeting of cyclin?dependent kinase 2 reveals essential roles of cyclin?dependent kinase 2 localization and cyclin E in vitamin D?mediated growth inhibition[J].Endocrinology,2010,151(3):896 ?908.DOI:10.1210/en.2009?1116.

[12]Abdullah C,Wang X,Becker D.Expression analysis and mole?cular targeting of cyclin?dependent kinases in advanced melanoma[J].Cell Cycle,2011,10(6):977?988.DOI:10.4161/cc.10.6.15079.

[13]Du J,Widlund HR,Horstmann MA,et al.Critical role of CDK2 formelanoma growth linked to its melanocyte?specific transcriptional regulation by MITF[J].Cancer Cell,2004,6(6):565?576.DOI:10.1016/j.ccr.2004.10.014.

[14]晉佳路,朱仁書(shū),謝育媛等.CDK2 shRNA慢病毒載體的構(gòu)建及其基因沉默效應(yīng)研究[J].中國(guó)老年學(xué)雜志,2015,35(16):4483?4485.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1005?9202.2015.16.028.

[15]晉佳路,朱仁書(shū),謝育媛,等.慢病毒載體介導(dǎo)CDK2基因沉默對(duì)黑素瘤B16?F1細(xì)胞生物學(xué)行為的影響[J].中國(guó)腫瘤生物治療 雜 志,2016,23(2):243?249.DOI:10.3872/j.issn.1007?385X.2016.02.015.

[16]晉佳路,朱仁書(shū),謝育媛,等.shRNA沉默CDK2基因?qū)16?F1細(xì)胞小鼠皮下移植瘤的影響[J].中華腫瘤防治雜志,2016,23(9):592?596.

[17]Soica C,Oprean C,Borcan F,et al.The synergistic biologic activity ofoleanolic and ursolic acids in complex with hydroxypropyl?γ?cyclodextrin[J].Molecules,2014,19(4):4924?4940.DOI:10.3390/molecules19044924.

[18]Baharara J,Amini E,Nikdel N,et al.The Cytotoxicity of dacarbazine potentiated by sea cucumber saponin in resistant B16F10 melanoma cells through apoptosis induction [J].Avicenna J Med Biotechnol,2016,8(3):112?119.

Inhibitory effect of CDK2 gene silencing combined with dacarbazine on the growth of B16?F1 melanoma


Jin Jialu,Zhu Renshu,Xie Yuyuan,Liu Hongchun
Department of Laboratory Medicine,Medical School of Hebi Polytechnic,Hebi 458030,Henan,China(Jin JL,Zhu RS);Institute for Biological Products Control,Hubei Institute for Food and Drug Control,Wuhan 430064,China(Xie YY);Department of Clinical Laboratory,the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University,Zhengzhou 450052,China(Liu HC)

Liu Hongchun,Email:xingyunerliu@163.com

ObjectiveTo evaluate the antitumor effect of dacarbazine(DTIC)on B16 ?F1 melanoma after CDK2 gene silencing.MethodsCultured B16?F1 melanoma cells were divided into 4 groups:control group receiving no treatment,CDK2?shRNA group infected with a recombinant lentivirus pUL?CDK2?shRNA,DTIC group cultured in 96?well plates followed 12 hours later by the treatment with 250 μmol/L DTIC,CDK2?shRNA+DTIC group infected with pUL?CDK2?shRNA followed 12 hours later by the treatment with 250 μmol/L DTIC.MTT assay was performed to evaluate the growth inhibition of B16 ?F1 melanoma cells,and coefficient of drug interaction(CDI)was calculated.AnnexinV ?FITC/PI double staining was conducted to detect cell apoptosis.C57BL/6 mice were subcutaneously injected with B16?F1 cells at exponential growth phase into the right groin to establish melanoma?bearing mouse models.Twenty mouse models were randomly and equally divided into 4 groups:control mouse group injected with phosphate?buffered solution(PBS)into tumors,CDK2?shRNA mouse group injected with pUL?CDK2?shRNA into tumors,DTIC mouse group injected with DTIC into the abdominal cavity,and CDK2?shRNA+DTIC mouse group treated with pUL?CDK2?shRNA and DTIC.The animal experiment lasted 18 days,and the tumor growth curve was drawn.After 18?day treatment,all the mice were sacrificed,and tumors were isolated and weighed.The tumor growth inhibition rate was calculated,and the tumor cell apoptosis was detected by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase?mediated dUTP nick?end?labeling(TUNEL).ResultsAfter 72?hour culture,compared with the control group,the CDK2?shRNA group,DTIC group,and CDK2?shRNA+DTIC group showed significantly decreased relative cell survival rates(40.6% ±2.8%,45.2% ±3.7%,28.7% ±2.1%,respectively;F=458.04,P<0.05),but significantly increased cell apoptosis rates(25.1%±3.3%,15.6%±2.2%,45.6% ±3.5%,respectively;F=115.46,P<0.05).Additionally,CDK2?shRNA+DTIC group showed significantly lower relative cell survival rates(P< 0.01),but higher cell apoptosis rates(P< 0.01)compared with the DTIC group.The CDI value was less than 0.7.On the sixth day after thein vivotreatment,the tumor volumes in the control mouse group,CDK2?shRNA mouse group,DTIC mouse group,and CDK2?shRNA+DTIC mouse group were(185.44 ± 68.97)mm3,(83.91 ± 14.33)mm3,(123.70 ± 20.85)mm3,and(34.54 ± 10.72)mm3respectively.From then on,the CDK2?shRNA mouse group,DTIC mouse group,and CDK2?shRNA+DTIC mouse group showed significantly decreased tumor growth rates compared with the control mouse group(F=11.819,P< 0.05),and the tumor growth rate was significantly lower in the CDK2?shRNA+DTIC mouse group than in the DTIC mouse group(P=0.04).The calculated tumor growth inhibition rates in the CDK2?shRNA mouse group,DTIC mouse group and CDK2?shRNA+DTIC mouse group were 52.2%,41.2%and 86.4%respectively.Compared with the control mouse group,the CDK2?shRNA mouse group,DTIC mouse group,and CDK2?shRNA+DTIC mouse group showed significantly increased tumor cell apoptosis indice(32.93% ±3.72%,21.62% ±3.54%,63.29% ±4.74%respectively;F=222.25,P< 0.05).Moreover,the tumor cell apoptosis index was significantly higher in the CDK2?shRNA+DTIC mouse group than in the DTIC mouse group(P< 0.01).ConclusionCDK2 gene silencing can enhance the inhibitory effect of DTIC on the growth of melanoma,and show a synergistic effect with DTIC,likely by increasing the apoptosis of tumor cells.

Melanoma;Dacarbazine;Cyclin?dependent kinase 2;Gene silencing;Apoptosis

劉紅春,Email:xingyunerliu@163.com

10.3760/cma.j.issn.0412?4030.2017.09.010

河南省科技發(fā)展計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(122300410193);河南省高等學(xué)校青年骨干教師資助計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(2011GGJS?262)

Fund programs:Science and Technology Development Program of Henan Province of China(122300410193);Foundation for University Young Key Teachers of Henan Province(2011GGJS?262)

2016?11?18)

(本文編輯:吳曉初)

猜你喜歡
黑素瘤抑制率小鼠
雙酶水解魚(yú)鱗蛋白制備ACE抑制肽的工藝優(yōu)化研究
皮膚黑素瘤表觀(guān)遺傳學(xué)的研究進(jìn)展
miR-373通過(guò)P2X7R影響抑郁癥小鼠行為的作用機(jī)制
血栓彈力圖評(píng)估PCI后氯吡格雷不敏感患者抗血小板藥物的療效
萌小鼠,捍衛(wèi)人類(lèi)健康的“大英雄”
蔬菜使用不同處理方式對(duì)農(nóng)藥殘留影響的研究
食品快檢中酶抑制率的測(cè)定方法研究
小鼠大腦中的“冬眠開(kāi)關(guān)”
兒童黑素瘤診斷進(jìn)展
今天不去幼兒園