王茂強(qiáng) 黃煥基 陳順娣 陳正修 何靈生
腹腔鏡下穿孔修補(bǔ)術(shù)治療老年胃潰瘍合并胃穿孔的效果觀察
王茂強(qiáng) 黃煥基 陳順娣 陳正修 何靈生
目的研究腹腔鏡下穿孔修補(bǔ)術(shù)用于老年胃潰瘍合并胃穿孔患者治療中的療效.方法148例老年胃潰瘍合并胃穿孔患者, 根據(jù)手術(shù)方式不同分為開(kāi)腹組(76例)與腹腔鏡組(72例).開(kāi)腹組患者給予開(kāi)腹穿孔修補(bǔ)術(shù)治療, 腹腔鏡組患者給予腹腔鏡下穿孔修補(bǔ)術(shù)治療.對(duì)比兩組患者的手術(shù)治療效果.結(jié)果兩組手術(shù)時(shí)間比較差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05);腹腔鏡組術(shù)中出血量、術(shù)后下床活動(dòng)時(shí)間、住院時(shí)間分別為 (18.3±4.5)ml、(1.47±0.22)d、(6.81±1.26)d, 均優(yōu)于開(kāi)腹組的(42.9±8.1)ml、(2.84±0.36)d、(10.45±1.74)d, 差異均具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);腹腔鏡組術(shù)后并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率5.56%低于開(kāi)腹組的17.11%,差異具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05).術(shù)后1 h兩組患者血清胃泌素(GAS)水平比較差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05);腹腔鏡組術(shù)后6、24、48 h的血清GAS水平分別為(42.1±4.5)、(52.1±4.9)、(64.3±8.2)pg/ml, 均明顯高于開(kāi)腹組的(38.2±5.2)、(45.3±5.4)、(53.8±7.6)pg/ml, 差異均具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.01);腹腔鏡組患者術(shù)后肛門排氣時(shí)間、腸鳴音恢復(fù)時(shí)間分別為(31.1±6.3)、(14.5±3.5)h, 均短于開(kāi)腹組的(39.4±8.9)、(22.3±4.4)h, 差異均具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.01).術(shù)后1、3、5 d, 腹腔鏡組患者視覺(jué)模擬評(píng)分法(VAS)評(píng)分分別為 (3.59±0.46)、(2.05±0.13)、(1.18±0.10)分 , 均低于開(kāi)腹組的 (4.51±0.42)、(3.27±0.28)、(1.93±0.18)分, 差異均具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05).結(jié)論腹腔鏡下穿孔修補(bǔ)術(shù)對(duì)老年胃潰瘍合并胃穿孔患者的創(chuàng)傷更小, 患者術(shù)后的胃腸動(dòng)力恢復(fù)更快, 術(shù)后可早期下床、進(jìn)食, 縮短住院時(shí)間, 對(duì)于符合腹腔鏡手術(shù)適應(yīng)證的患者應(yīng)盡量?jī)?yōu)先選擇腹腔鏡手術(shù)治療.
腹腔鏡;穿孔修補(bǔ)術(shù);開(kāi)腹手術(shù);胃潰瘍;胃穿孔;老年
現(xiàn)回顧性分析本院收治的148例老年胃潰瘍合并胃穿孔患者的臨床資料, 探究腹腔鏡手術(shù)與開(kāi)腹手術(shù)的療效差異,匯報(bào)如下.
1.1 一般資料 選取2016年1月~2017年7月在本院就診的148例老年胃潰瘍合并胃穿孔患者作為研究對(duì)象, 全部患者均符合穿孔修補(bǔ)術(shù)的適應(yīng)證, 在本院接受穿孔修補(bǔ)術(shù)治療.排除合并嚴(yán)重臟器功能障礙的患者, 排除病例資料不完整的患者, 排除合并精神疾病的患者.根據(jù)手術(shù)方式不同分為開(kāi)腹組(76例)與腹腔鏡組(72例).開(kāi)腹組患者中男43例, 女33例, 年齡64~82歲, 平均年齡(71.1±3.6)歲;穿孔到手術(shù)的時(shí)間3~21 h, 平均時(shí)間(11.2±3.3)h;胃穿孔29例, 十二指腸穿孔47例.腹腔鏡組患者中男40例, 女32例, 年齡63~80歲, 平均年齡(71.7±3.8)歲;穿孔到手術(shù)的時(shí)間3~23 h,平均時(shí)間(11.6±3.8)h;胃穿孔25例, 十二指腸穿孔47例.兩組患者一般資料比較差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05), 具有可比性.
1.2 方法 開(kāi)腹組患者實(shí)施開(kāi)腹穿孔修補(bǔ)術(shù)治療, 患者行氣管插管全身麻醉, 取仰臥位, 于上腹部正中做一個(gè)切口, 吸盡胃內(nèi)的氣體、液體等, 探尋到胃穿孔的具體部位, 對(duì)穿孔部位進(jìn)行8字縫合, 使用大網(wǎng)膜覆蓋縫合部位, 留置引流管,逐層關(guān)閉手術(shù)切口.術(shù)后給予奧美拉唑等常規(guī)治療.腹腔鏡組患者給予腹腔鏡下穿孔修補(bǔ)術(shù)治療, 給予患者氣管插管全身麻醉, 患者取仰臥位, 在臍部下緣做一個(gè)1 mm左右的弧形切口, 插入氣腹針, 建立CO2氣腹, 氣腹壓力維持在10~14 mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa), 然后于劍突下約7.5 cm處做操作孔,置入腹腔鏡, 探查胃穿孔的具體情況, 然后根據(jù)穿孔的具體部位另選擇2~3個(gè)操作孔, 主操作孔需位于胃穿孔附近.然后在腹腔鏡下進(jìn)行腹腔內(nèi)膿液等的清除, 經(jīng)操作孔置入吸引器到胃腔內(nèi), 吸盡胃液, 并取少許穿孔部位組織送病理檢查;經(jīng)腹腔鏡探查穿孔的具體情況, 使用0號(hào)或1號(hào)Demon線進(jìn)行8字縫合, 并使用大網(wǎng)膜對(duì)縫合部位進(jìn)行覆蓋.手術(shù)結(jié)束后留置引流管, 逐層縫合手術(shù).術(shù)后給予常規(guī)對(duì)癥綜合治療.
1.3 觀察指標(biāo) ①圍手術(shù)期指標(biāo):手術(shù)時(shí)間、術(shù)中出血量、術(shù)后并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率、術(shù)后下床活動(dòng)時(shí)間、住院時(shí)間.②胃腸動(dòng)力恢復(fù)指標(biāo):術(shù)后1、6、24、48 h的血清GAS水平, 術(shù)后肛門排氣時(shí)間、腸鳴音恢復(fù)時(shí)間.③術(shù)后疼痛指標(biāo):術(shù)后1、3、5 d的疼痛程度評(píng)分(VAS評(píng)分).
1.4 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法 采用SPSS16.0統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)軟件對(duì)研究數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行分析處理.計(jì)量資料以均數(shù)±標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差( x-±s)表示, 采用t檢驗(yàn);計(jì)數(shù)資料以率(%)表示, 采用χ2檢驗(yàn).P<0.05表示差異具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義.
2.1 圍手術(shù)期指標(biāo) 腹腔鏡組手術(shù)時(shí)間(48.2±8.5)min, 開(kāi)腹組手術(shù)時(shí)間(47.5±8.1)min, 兩組手術(shù)時(shí)間比較差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05).腹腔鏡組術(shù)中出血量、術(shù)后下床活動(dòng)時(shí)間、住院時(shí)間分別為(18.3±4.5)ml、(1.47±0.22)d、(6.81±1.26)d,開(kāi)腹組術(shù)中出血量、術(shù)后下床活動(dòng)時(shí)間、住院時(shí)間分別為(42.9±8.1)ml、(2.84±0.36)d、(10.45±1.74)d, 腹腔鏡組術(shù)中出血量、術(shù)后下床活動(dòng)時(shí)間、住院時(shí)間均優(yōu)于開(kāi)腹組, 差異均具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05).腹腔鏡組術(shù)后并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率為5.56%(4/72), 開(kāi)腹組術(shù)后并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率為17.11%(13/76), 腹腔鏡組術(shù)后并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率低于開(kāi)腹組, 差異具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05).
2.2 胃腸動(dòng)力恢復(fù)指標(biāo) 術(shù)后1 h兩組患者血清GAS水平比較差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05);腹腔鏡組術(shù)后6、24、48 h的血清GAS水平分別為(42.1±4.5)、(52.1±4.9)、(64.3±8.2)pg/ml,均明顯高于開(kāi)腹組的(38.2±5.2)、(45.3±5.4)、(53.8±7.6)pg/ml,差異均具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.01).腹腔鏡組患者術(shù)后肛門排氣時(shí)間、腸鳴音恢復(fù)時(shí)間分別為(31.1±6.3)、(14.5±3.5)h,均短于開(kāi)腹組的(39.4±8.9)、(22.3±4.4)h, 差異均具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.01).見(jiàn)表1.
表1 兩組胃腸動(dòng)力恢復(fù)指標(biāo)比較
表1 兩組胃腸動(dòng)力恢復(fù)指標(biāo)比較
注:與開(kāi)腹組比較, aP<0.01
組別 例數(shù) GAS水平(pg/ml) 術(shù)后肛門排氣時(shí)間(h)腸鳴音恢復(fù)時(shí)間(h)術(shù)后1 h 術(shù)后6 h 術(shù)后24 h 術(shù)后48 h腹腔鏡組 72 35.5±6.3 42.1±4.5a 52.1±4.9a 64.3±8.2a 31.1±6.3a 14.5±3.5a開(kāi)腹組 76 35.9±6.6 38.2±5.2 45.3±5.4 53.8±7.6 39.4±8.9 22.3±4.4 t 0.377 4.867 8.009 8.084 6.516 11.893 P>0.05 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01
2. 3 術(shù)后疼痛指標(biāo) 術(shù)后1、3、5 d, 腹腔鏡組患者VAS評(píng)分分別為(3.59±0.46)、(2.05±0.13)、(1.18±0.10)分, 開(kāi)腹組患者VAS評(píng)分分別為(4.51±0.42)、(3.27±0.28)、(1.93±0.18)分,腹腔鏡組患者VAS評(píng)分均低于開(kāi)腹組, 差異均具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05).
胃穿孔多是由消化道潰瘍引起的, 是活動(dòng)期的潰瘍進(jìn)展到黏膜深部, 并穿透漿膜, 與游離腹腔相通, 出現(xiàn)胃穿孔[1].老年胃潰瘍患者由于機(jī)體免疫力差、胃腸功能減弱, 久治不愈更容易誘發(fā)胃穿孔, 及時(shí)搶救有助于預(yù)防彌漫性腹膜炎的發(fā)生, 挽救患者生命.常用的手術(shù)方法有迷走神經(jīng)離斷術(shù)、單純穿孔修補(bǔ)術(shù)、胃大部分切除術(shù)等.伴隨著微創(chuàng)醫(yī)學(xué)的快速發(fā)展, 以腹腔鏡為代表的微創(chuàng)術(shù)式在各個(gè)系統(tǒng)的手術(shù)中都得到廣泛應(yīng)用, 也越來(lái)越受患者的歡迎[2,3].
傳統(tǒng)的開(kāi)腹手術(shù)由于手術(shù)切口較大, 故而患者術(shù)后疼痛程度高, 且胃腸功能恢復(fù)較慢, 不利于患者術(shù)后的早日康復(fù)[4-6].而腹腔鏡下穿孔修補(bǔ)術(shù)無(wú)需使用電刀、電凝等操作, 手術(shù)操作不會(huì)對(duì)腹腔組織、臟器造成干擾, 故而手術(shù)創(chuàng)傷更小, 同時(shí)腹腔鏡手術(shù)操作機(jī)械有套管, 避免膿液等與切口的直接接觸, 且操作機(jī)械細(xì)長(zhǎng), 便于進(jìn)行盆腔、膈下、腸間積液的清除,預(yù)防術(shù)后腸梗阻、腹腔感染、切口感染等并發(fā)癥的發(fā)生;而且手術(shù)操作中腹腔臟器等無(wú)需暴露在空氣中, 減少了手術(shù)的刺激性, 利于患者術(shù)后的胃腸功能恢復(fù), 縮短住院時(shí)間[7-10].本研究結(jié)果顯示, 腹腔鏡組患者術(shù)中出血量、并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率、術(shù)后下床活動(dòng)時(shí)間、住院時(shí)間以及術(shù)后疼痛程度均優(yōu)于開(kāi)腹組, 證明腹腔鏡手術(shù)有利于患者術(shù)后的康復(fù).血清GAS水平是評(píng)估胃腸功能的重要指標(biāo), 老年患者在手術(shù)的刺激下會(huì)增加兒茶酚胺的分泌, 抑制GAS分泌, 從而出現(xiàn)術(shù)后的胃腸功能紊亂、胃動(dòng)力減弱現(xiàn)象.本次研究, 腹腔鏡組術(shù)后6、24、48 h的血清GAS水平均明顯高于開(kāi)腹組, 說(shuō)明腹腔鏡手術(shù)有利于患者胃腸動(dòng)力的恢復(fù).
綜上所述, 腹腔鏡下穿孔修補(bǔ)術(shù)對(duì)老年胃潰瘍合并胃穿孔患者的創(chuàng)傷更小, 患者術(shù)后的胃腸動(dòng)力恢復(fù)更快, 術(shù)后可早期下床、進(jìn)食, 縮短住院時(shí)間, 對(duì)符合腹腔鏡手術(shù)適應(yīng)證的患者應(yīng)盡量?jī)?yōu)先選擇腹腔鏡手術(shù)治療.
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Effect observation on laparoscopic perforation repair in the treatment of elderly gastric ulcer complicated with gastric perforation
WANG Mao-qiang, HUANG Huan-ji, CHEN Shun-di, et al.
Department One of Surgery, Dongguan Fenggang Hospital, Dongguan 523695, China
ObjectiveTo study the efficacy of laparoscopic perforation repair in the treatment of elderly gastric ulcer complicated with gastric perforation.MethodsA total of 148 elderly patients with gastric ulcer complicated with gastric perforation as study subjects were divided by different surgical methods into laparotomy group (76 cases) and laparoscopic group (72 cases). The laparotomy group was treated with open perforation repair, and laparoscopic group was treated with laparoscopic perforation repair. Surgical treatment effect in two groups was compared.ResultsBoth groups had no statistically significant difference in operation time (P>0.05). The laparoscopic group had better intraoperative bleeding volume, postoperative offbed activity time and hospitalization time respectively as (18.3±4.5) ml, (1.47±0.22) d and (6.81±1.26) d than (42.9±8.1) ml, (2.84±0.36) d and (10.45±1.74) d in laparotomy group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The laparoscopic group had lower postoperative complication rate as 5.56% than 17.11% in the laparotomy group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Both groups had no statistically significant difference in serum gastrin (GAS) level in postoperative 1 h (P>0.05).The laparoscopic group had obviously higher serum GAS level in postoperative 6, 24 and 48 h respectively as (42.1±4.5), (52.1±4.9) and(64.3±8.2) pg/ml than (38.2±5.2), (45.3±5.4) and (53.8±7.6) pg/ml in laparotomy group, and their difference was statistically significant (P<0.01). The laparoscopic group had shorter postoperative anal exhaust time, bowel sounds recovery time respectively as (31.1±6.3) and (14.5±3.5) h than (39.4±8.9) and (22.3±4.4) h in laparotomy group, and their difference was statistically significant (P<0.01).In postoperative 1, 3 and 5 d, the laparoscopic group had lower visual analogue scale (VAS) score respectively as(3.59±0.46), (2.05±0.13) and (1.18±0.10) points than (4.51±0.42), (3.27±0.28) and (1.93±0.18) points in laparotomy group, and their difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).ConclusionFor elderly patients with gastric ulcer complicated with gastric perforation, laparoscopic perforation repair provides less trauma, faster postoperative gastrointestinal motility recovery, and early ambulation and food intake and shorter hospitalization time. Laparoscopic surgery should be the first choice for patients with indications for laparoscopic surgery.
Laparoscope; Perforation repair; Laparotomy; Gastric ulcer; Gastric perforation; Elderly
10.14164/j.cnki.cn11-5581/r.2017.22.011
523695 廣東省東莞市鳳崗醫(yī)院外一科
2017-09-28]