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角質細胞生長因子活性短肽促進糖尿病大鼠創(chuàng)面愈合的實驗研究

2018-01-17 11:00宗憲磊曹春艷宋國棟賴晨智余泮熹靳小雷姜篤銀
中國醫(yī)藥導報 2018年30期
關鍵詞:創(chuàng)面愈合

宗憲磊 曹春艷 宋國棟 賴晨智 余泮熹 靳小雷 姜篤銀

[摘要] 目的 探討角質細胞生長因子(KGF)活性多肽對糖尿病大鼠創(chuàng)面愈合的促進作用。 方法 選擇24只健康雌性SD大鼠,腹腔注射鏈脲佐菌素酸(STZ),制備糖尿病大鼠模型。將24只大鼠隨機分成4組,即陰性對照組、KGF陽性對照組、KGF活性短肽1組、KGF活性短肽2組,每組6只。分別于大鼠背部制備直徑2 cm的圓形創(chuàng)面,并定期對創(chuàng)面局部注射各組藥物。傷后14 d進行拍照,記錄創(chuàng)面未愈合面積,計算創(chuàng)面愈合率。采用HE染色觀察創(chuàng)面愈合情況。 結果 成功制備糖尿病大鼠慢性創(chuàng)面模型。傷后14 d,KGF陽性對照組、KGF活性短肽1組和KGF活性短肽2組的創(chuàng)面愈合率與陰性對照組比較,顯著升高,差異有高度統(tǒng)計學意義(P < 0.01);KGF活性短肽1組和KGF活性短肽2組的創(chuàng)面愈合率與KGF陽性對照組比較,差異無統(tǒng)計學意義(P > 0.05)。陰性對照組創(chuàng)面皮膚全層缺失,毛囊、汗腺和皮脂腺等皮膚附件缺失,組織結構均勻致密、無層次,炎癥細胞浸潤明顯。除陰性對照組外,其余各組均創(chuàng)面上皮化良好,深層組織層次清楚、結構疏松,炎癥細胞浸潤較少,并可見再生的毛囊、汗腺和皮脂腺等皮膚附件。 結論 KGF活性短肽可促進糖尿病大鼠的創(chuàng)面愈合及皮膚附件的再生。

[關鍵詞] 角質細胞生長因子;活性短肽;糖尿病大鼠;創(chuàng)面愈合

[中圖分類號] R329.2 [文獻標識碼] A [文章編號] 1673-7210(2018)10(c)-0004-04

[Abstract] Objective To explore the promoting effect of keratinocyte growth factor (KGF) active peptide on wound healing in diabetic rats. Methods Twenty-four healthy female SD rats were selected, and injected intraperitoneally with streptozotocin to prepare a diabetic rat model. They were randomly divided into 4 groups: negative control group, KGF positive control group, No.1 KGF active short peptide group, and No.2 KGF active short peptide group, with 6 rats in each group. Round wounds of 2 cm in diameter were prepared on the back of the rats, and drugs of each group were injected locally on the wounds. Photographs were taken 14 days after injury, and the unhealed area of the wound was recorded to calculate the wound healing rate. The wound healing was observed by HE staining. Results The chronic wound model of diabetic rats was successfully established. At 14 days after injury, the wound healing rate of KGF positive control group, No.1 KGF active short peptide group and No.2 KGF active short peptide group was significantly higher than that of the negative control group, and the difference was highly statistically significant (P < 0.01). The wound healing rate of No.1 KGF active short peptide group and No.2 KGF active short peptide group was not significantly different from that of KGF positive control group (P > 0.05). In the negative control group, the whole skin of the wound was missing, and the skin attachments such as hair follicles, sweat glands and sebaceous glands were missing. The tissue structure was uniform and dense, no layer, and the inflammatory cell infiltration was obvious. In the other groups, the wounds were well formed, the deep tissue layers were clear, the structure was loose, the infiltrated inflammatory cells was lessen, and the skin attachments such as regenerated hair follicles, sweat glands and sebaceous glands were visible. Conclusion KGF active short peptide can promote wound healing and regeneration of skin attachment in diabetic rats.

[Key words] Keratinocyte growth factor; Bioactive peptide; Diabetic rat; Wound healing

角質細胞生長因子(keratinocyte growth factor,KGF)是一種上皮細胞特異性生長因子,與上皮創(chuàng)面愈合關系密切[1-7]。生長因子產(chǎn)品存在很多缺點,而短肽和多肽具有很多優(yōu)點[8]。目前,KGF的關鍵序列已從噬菌體隨機7肽庫中篩選獲得[9-11],并對其進行了KGF活性短肽的合成和離體細胞實驗[12]。本研究以SD糖尿病大鼠為研究對象,制備慢性愈合創(chuàng)面模型,探討KGF活性短肽促進創(chuàng)面愈合的作用。

1 材料與方法

1.1 材料

鏈脲佐菌素(streptozotocin,STZ)購自美國Sigma公司,KGF購自美國Peprotech公司,KGF活性短肽1(TMRA-KGHLLMF-NH2)和KGF活性短肽2(TMRA-IPTLPSR-NH2)由武漢明皓生物科技有限公司合成。10%水合氯醛、生理鹽水、10%甲醛均由中國醫(yī)學科學院整形外科醫(yī)院動物實驗室提供。

1.2 實驗動物與分組

選擇24只健康雌性SD大鼠[中國醫(yī)學科學院整形外科醫(yī)院動物實驗室提供,動物許可證號:SYXK(京)2015-0009],體重約200 g。隨機分為4組:陰性對照組、KGF陽性對照組、KGF活性短肽1組,KGF活性短肽2組,每組6只。本研究經(jīng)實驗動物倫理委員會同意。

1.3 糖尿病模型建立

給予SD大鼠55 mg/kg STZ(以0.1 mol/L無菌枸櫞酸緩沖液配成10 g/L溶液,pH=4.2)腹腔內注射誘導糖尿病。注射24 h、7 d、14 d后,于大鼠尾靜脈采血檢測隨機血糖水平并觀察體重變化。糖尿病模型成功標準:STZ注射前基礎血糖<8.9 mol/L,誘導后血糖水平>11.2 mol/L;并穩(wěn)定2周。大鼠體重明顯下降[13]。

1.4 慢性創(chuàng)面模型建立和干預

糖尿病模型誘導成功1個月后建模。腹腔注射10%水合氯醛4.5 mL/kg麻醉成功后,在背部制備直徑2 cm的圓形皮膚全層缺損(圖1)。在創(chuàng)面邊緣進行多點注射,陰性對照組注射1 mL生理鹽水,KGF陽性對照組注射1 mL KGF(5 ng/mL),KGF活性短肽1組注射1 mL KGF活性短肽1(5 ng/mL),KGF活性短肽2組注射1 mL KGF活性短肽2(5 ng/mL)。分別于傷后即刻、3 d、6 d、9 d、12 d進行創(chuàng)面換藥和藥物注射。藥物濃度參照離體細胞實驗[12]。

1.5 傷口愈合評價

傷后14 d采用數(shù)碼照相機拍照;采用銅版紙標記殘余的創(chuàng)面;采用稱重法計算殘余創(chuàng)面面積,計算創(chuàng)面愈合率。創(chuàng)面愈合率=[(原創(chuàng)面面積-殘余創(chuàng)面面積)/原創(chuàng)面面積]×100%。創(chuàng)面愈合的標準:創(chuàng)面縮合,完全上皮化,無殘存的創(chuàng)面。

1.6 組織學檢查

背部創(chuàng)口切取創(chuàng)面及周圍組織,用10%甲醛固定,制備成蠟塊并切片;切片進行蘇木精-伊紅(HE)染色,并將其置于顯微鏡下觀察大鼠皮膚缺損后愈合的組織學變化,評價創(chuàng)面愈合效果。

1.7 統(tǒng)計學方法

采用SPSS 17.0統(tǒng)計學軟件進行數(shù)據(jù)分析,計量資料用均數(shù)±標準差(x±s)表示,兩組間比較采用單因素方差分析法(one-way analysis of variance,ANOVA)和Dunnet′s檢驗,以P < 0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計學意義。

2 結果

2.1 各組大鼠一般情況觀察

注射STZ后,SD大鼠血糖水平>11.2 mol/L,飲食量、尿量明顯增多,體重逐漸下降,體質瘦弱,毛發(fā)無光澤。傷后14 d,SD大鼠背部的創(chuàng)面清潔干燥無感染,創(chuàng)面結痂。與陰性對照組比較,其余各組SD大鼠的背部創(chuàng)面的面積明顯縮小,揭去痂皮,見大部分創(chuàng)面已上皮化。見圖1。

2.2 各組大鼠創(chuàng)面愈合率比較

與陰性對照組比較,其余各組傷后14 d的創(chuàng)面愈合率顯著升高,差異有高度統(tǒng)計學意義(P < 0.01);與KGF陽性對照組比較,KGF活性短肽1組和KGF活性短肽2組的創(chuàng)面愈合率無顯著變化,差異無統(tǒng)計學意義(P > 0.05)。見表1、圖2。

2.3 組織學檢查

HE染色顯示,陰性對照組SD大鼠皮膚全層、毛囊、汗腺和皮脂腺等皮膚附件缺失,組織結構均勻致密、無層次,炎癥細胞浸潤明顯;其余各組創(chuàng)面上皮化良好,可見多層表皮細胞、皮下組織及真皮組織,深層組織層次清楚、結構疏松,炎癥細胞浸潤較少,可見再生的毛囊、汗腺和皮脂腺等皮膚附件。見圖3。

3 討論

KGF與皮膚創(chuàng)傷愈合密切相關[14-20]。合成的肽具有很多優(yōu)點,主要包括:①不需要借助動物載體進行生產(chǎn),避免了倫理學問題和疾病傳播;②分子量小,作用單一,方便調整結構,穩(wěn)定性和性能增強;③方便大量合成,降低生產(chǎn)成本[8]。

本研究以糖尿病大鼠為研究對象,制備慢性創(chuàng)面模型,藥物干預后,傷后14 d各組SD大鼠的背部創(chuàng)面均部分愈合,創(chuàng)面清潔干燥無感染,創(chuàng)面結痂,提示觀察期適合。與陰性對照組比較,其余各組創(chuàng)面面積明顯縮小,大部分創(chuàng)面已經(jīng)上皮化,提示KGF、KGF活性短肽1和KGF活性短肽2能夠顯著地促進創(chuàng)面愈合。

與陰性對照組比較,其余各組的創(chuàng)面愈合率顯著升高,提示KGF、KGF活性短肽1和KGF活性短肽2能夠顯著地促進創(chuàng)面愈合,差異有高度統(tǒng)計學意義(P < 0.01);與KGF組比較,KGF活性短肽1組和KGF活性短肽2組促進創(chuàng)面愈合的作用無顯著變化。本研究的結果結合細胞實驗的結果[12],提示KGF活性短肽1和KGF活性短肽2能夠形成KGF的關鍵的空間構象,與其特異性受體KGFR相結合,從而起到促進創(chuàng)面愈合的作用。

留取傷后14 d的創(chuàng)面標本,進行HE染色檢測,結果顯示KGF、KGF活性短肽1和KGF活性短肽2能夠顯著促進創(chuàng)面上皮化,抑制炎性反應,促進深層組織的修復,并能夠促進毛囊、汗腺和皮脂腺等皮膚附件的再生。提示KGF活性短肽對創(chuàng)面愈合有多方面的作用,有助于創(chuàng)面恢復正常皮膚的結構和功能。

綜上所述,KGF活性短肽能夠促進糖尿病大鼠的創(chuàng)面愈合,并能夠促進皮膚附件的再生,具有科學研究價值和臨床應用前景。

[參考文獻]

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(收稿日期:2018-08-07 本文編輯:任 念)

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