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系統(tǒng)性紅斑狼瘡患者CD19+CD24hiCD38hiBreg細(xì)胞的研究

2018-02-20 09:11王卓龍王芳王艷明
中國現(xiàn)代醫(yī)生 2018年32期
關(guān)鍵詞:紅斑狼瘡系統(tǒng)性

王卓龍  王芳  王艷明

[摘要] 目的 研究SLE患者外周血CD19+CD24hiCD38hiBreg 細(xì)胞變化。 方法 選取2015年1月~2018年3月在廣州醫(yī)科大學(xué)附屬第二醫(yī)院確診為系統(tǒng)性紅斑狼瘡56例患者和對(duì)照組體檢健康者30例,分別抽取外周靜脈血分離PBMC,加入FITC-單克隆鼠抗人CD19抗體、 PE-單克隆鼠抗人CD24抗體、 APC-單克隆鼠抗人CD38抗體, 室溫避光作用后,流式細(xì)胞儀檢測CD19+CD24hiCD38hiBreg細(xì)胞。 結(jié)果 SLE患者外周血CD19+CD24hiCD38hiBreg細(xì)胞為(2.86±1.39)%,對(duì)照組為(4.07±1.48)%,兩組比較差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(t=3.781,P<0.01)?;顒?dòng)期、非活動(dòng)期SLE患者外周血CD19+CD24hiCD38hiBreg 細(xì)胞分別為(2.10±1.09)% vs (3.62±1.25)%,兩組比較差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(t=4.854,P<0.01)。10例SLE患者治療前、后外周血CD19+CD24hiCD38hi Breg細(xì)胞分別為(2.28±1.24)% vs (3.34±0.78)%,兩組比較差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(t=4.386,P<0.01)。 結(jié)論 SLE患者外周血CD19+CD24hiCD38hiBreg細(xì)胞減少,可能參與SLE發(fā)病,可能是觀察療效的指標(biāo)。

[關(guān)鍵詞] 紅斑狼瘡;系統(tǒng)性;調(diào)節(jié)性B細(xì)胞;CD19

[中圖分類號(hào)] R359.2 [文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼] A [文章編號(hào)] 1673-9701(2018)32-0015-04

Study on CD19+CD24hiCD38hiBreg cells in the patients with systemic lupus erythematosus

WANG Zhuolong WANG Fang WANG Yanming

Department of Rheumatology,the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, China

[Abstract] Objective To study the changes of CD19+CD24hiCD38hiBreg cells in the peripheral blood of patients with SLE. Methods A total of 56 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) who were diagnosed in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University and 30 healthy subjects in the control group from January 2015 to March 2018 were selected. The peripheral venous blood was drawn to separate PBMC. The FITC-monoclonal mouse anti-human CD19 antibody, PE-monoclonal mouse anti-human CD24 antibody, and APC- monoclonal mouse anti-human CD38 antibody were added. After staying away from light at room temperature, CD19+CD24hiCD38hiBreg cells were detected by flow cytometry. Results The CD19+CD24hiCD38hiBreg cells in the the peripheral blood in patients with SLE were (2.86±1.39)%, and the control group was(4.07±1.48)%. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant(t=3.781, P<0.01). The CD19+CD24hiCD38hiBreg cells in the peripheral blood during the active and inactive phase in SLE patients were(2.10±1.09)% vs (3.62±1.25)%, respectively. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant(t=4.854, P<0.01). CD19+CD24hiCD38hiBreg cells in the peripheral blood of 10 patients with SLE before and after treatment were(2.28±1.24)% vs(3.34±0.78)%, respectively. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant(t=4.386, P<0.01). Conclusion The decrease of CD19+CD24hiCD38hiBreg cells in the peripheral blood of patients with SLE may be involved in the pathogenesis of SLE, which may be an observation index of curative effect.

[Key words] Lupus erythematosus; Systemic; Regulatory B cells; CD19

系統(tǒng)性紅斑狼瘡(systemic lupus erythematosus,SLE)是一種累及全身多個(gè)器官系統(tǒng)的自身免疫性疾病,患者血清中存在抗核抗體(ANA)、抗雙鏈DNA抗體等多種自身抗體。目前人們治療SLE藥物包括糖皮質(zhì)激素、羥氯喹、嗎替麥考酚酯、環(huán)磷酰胺等。雖然SLE預(yù)后獲得明顯改善,但是感染、腎功能衰竭、中樞神經(jīng)狼瘡、早發(fā)血管硬化導(dǎo)致的心腦血管事件仍是其主要死亡原因[1]。CD4+ T淋巴細(xì)胞異?;罨碳淋巴細(xì)胞不斷產(chǎn)生自身抗體是SLE發(fā)病的重要機(jī)制[1]。B淋巴細(xì)胞免疫耐受性被破壞是其發(fā)病重要原因[2]。以往認(rèn)為,B淋巴細(xì)胞通過產(chǎn)生特異性抗體、提呈抗原產(chǎn)生共刺激分子活化T細(xì)胞并通過細(xì)胞因子發(fā)揮免疫作用,但近年來研究證實(shí)部分B淋巴細(xì)胞還能通過分泌IL-10、TGF-β等發(fā)揮調(diào)節(jié)免疫功能[3]。

CD19+CD24hiCD38hiBreg是分泌IL-10的主要B淋巴細(xì)胞,它具有抑制免疫應(yīng)答的重要功能[4]。目前有關(guān)CD19+CD24hiCD38hiBreg細(xì)胞與SLE之間關(guān)系尚不清楚,患者經(jīng)治療后其變化情況未見報(bào)道[5,6]。因此我們開展本研究以探討SLE患者CD19+CD24hiCD38hiBreg細(xì)胞變化意義。

1 資料與方法

1.1 一般資料

(1)SLE組:選取2015年1月~2018年3月在廣州醫(yī)科大學(xué)附屬第二醫(yī)院住院或門診患者56例,其中男3例,女53例,年齡18~48歲,平均(26.8±6.8)歲,SLE病程1個(gè)月~6年,平均病程(23.4±21.9)個(gè)月。入選標(biāo)準(zhǔn):符合美國風(fēng)濕病協(xié)會(huì)1997年修正的關(guān)于SLE診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)[7]。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):合并有其他風(fēng)濕性疾?。ㄈ珙愶L(fēng)濕關(guān)節(jié)炎、干燥綜合征、硬皮病)、感染性疾病、腫瘤等。(2)對(duì)照組:體檢健康者30例,其中男2例,女28例,年齡18~49歲,平均(29.4±8.3)歲。兩組的年齡、性別比經(jīng)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)檢驗(yàn)無顯著性差異(P>0.05),具有可比性。

根據(jù)SLEDAI評(píng)分對(duì)SLE患者分組[8]:(1)活動(dòng)期SLE:SLEDAI評(píng)分≥5分,28例,其中男2例,女26例,年齡18~46歲,平均(27.1±6.9)歲。(2)非活動(dòng)期SLE:SLEDAI評(píng)分<5分,28例,其中男1例,女27例,年齡18~48歲,平均(26.7±6.8)歲。兩組的年齡、性別比等比較無顯著性差異(P>0.05),具有可比性。

本研究獲得廣州醫(yī)科大學(xué)附屬第二醫(yī)院倫理委員會(huì)通過并取得研究對(duì)象的知情同意。

1.2 材料

淋巴細(xì)胞分離液購自天津?yàn)柹镏破饭尽ITC-單克隆鼠抗人CD19抗體、PE-單克隆鼠抗人CD24抗體、APC-單克隆鼠抗人CD38抗體購自eBioscience公司。多聚甲醛固定液購自Sigma公司。

1.3 方法

1.3.1 外周血單個(gè)核細(xì)胞(Peripheral blood mo-nonuclear cell,PBMC)分離 分別抽取患者和對(duì)照組外周靜脈血5 mL,EDTA抗凝,加等體積淋巴細(xì)胞分層液于15 mL錐形離心管。Ficoll-Hypaque 密度梯度離心法分離PBMC。

1.3.2 CD19+CD24hiCD38hiBreg細(xì)胞檢測 取上述分離PBMC,加入FITC-單克隆鼠抗人CD19、 PE-單克隆鼠抗人CD24、 APC-單克隆鼠抗人CD38,室溫避光作用30分,PBS洗滌。離心后去上清液、重懸細(xì)胞,1%多聚甲醛固定,Navios流式細(xì)胞分析儀檢測。同時(shí)設(shè)同型對(duì)照、單陽對(duì)照。

1.3.3 其他 抗核抗體(ANA)、抗ds-DNA抗體、抗Sm抗體檢查采用免疫熒光法。

1.4 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法

采用SPSS19.0 軟件進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析。計(jì)量資料以均數(shù)±標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差(x±s)表示,采用t檢驗(yàn)。計(jì)數(shù)資料以%表示,采用χ2檢驗(yàn)。相關(guān)性分析采用Pearson相關(guān)性檢驗(yàn)。P<0.05(雙側(cè))為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。

2 結(jié)果

2.1 SLE患者CD19+CD24hiCD38hi Breg細(xì)胞變化

流式細(xì)胞分析儀檢測CD19+CD24hiCD38hi Breg細(xì)胞設(shè)門見圖1。SLE組CD19+CD24hiCD38hi Breg 細(xì)胞為(2.86±1.39)%,對(duì)照組CD19+CD24hiCD38hi Breg細(xì)胞為(4.07±1.48)%。兩組比較,SLE組CD19+CD24hiCD38hi Breg 細(xì)胞水平明顯低于對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(t=3.781,P<0.01)。

2.2 活動(dòng)期SLE組和非活動(dòng)期SLE組CD19+CD24hi CD38hi Breg細(xì)胞比較

活動(dòng)期SLE組外周血CD19+CD24hiCD38hi Breg細(xì)胞為(2.10±1.09)%,非活動(dòng)期SLE組外周血CD19+CD24hiCD38hi Breg細(xì)胞為(3.62±1.25)%。兩組比較,活動(dòng)期SLE組外周血CD19+CD24hiCD38hi Breg 細(xì)胞水平明顯低于非活動(dòng)期SLE組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(t=4.854,P<0.01)。

2.3 SLE患者CD19+CD24hiCD38hi Breg 細(xì)胞治療前后比較

10例活動(dòng)期SLE患者治療前外周血CD19+CD24hiCD38hi Breg細(xì)胞為(2.28±1.24)%,經(jīng)治療3~6個(gè)月后病情好轉(zhuǎn),復(fù)查外周血CD19+CD24hiCD38hi Breg細(xì)胞為(3.34±0.78)%。兩組比較,治療后SLE患者外周血CD19+CD24hiCD38hi Breg細(xì)胞水平高于治療前,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(t=4.386,P<0.01)

2.4 相關(guān)分析

SLE患者外周血CD19+CD24hiCD38hi Breg細(xì)胞表達(dá)與血清補(bǔ)體C3(r=0.165,P=0.224)、補(bǔ)體C4(r=0.019,P=0.889)、IgG(r=0.127,P=0.352)、IgA(r=0.191,P=0.158)、IgM(r=0.157,P=0.247)、抗ds-DNA抗體(r=0.111,P=0.416)均無相關(guān)性。

3 討論

傳統(tǒng)B淋巴細(xì)胞通過產(chǎn)生特異性抗體、提呈抗原產(chǎn)生共刺激分子活化T細(xì)胞并通過細(xì)胞因子發(fā)揮免疫作用。1974年Katz等在接觸性皮炎小鼠模型中發(fā)現(xiàn)小鼠脾臟B淋巴細(xì)胞能夠抑制遲發(fā)型超敏反應(yīng)[9]。這種B淋巴細(xì)胞與傳統(tǒng)B淋巴細(xì)胞不同,它們對(duì)免疫應(yīng)答和炎性反應(yīng)有調(diào)節(jié)作用,被命名為調(diào)節(jié)性B細(xì)胞(regulatory B cell,Breg)[4,10]。

Breg分為IL-10-producing Breg、TGF-β producing Breg、Foxp3-expressing Breg[11]。IL-10-producing Breg 通過分泌IL-10影響B(tài)淋巴細(xì)胞和致病性T細(xì)胞之間的相互作用而抑制病理性免疫反應(yīng)[3,12]。TGF-β producing Breg 通過分泌TGF-β等發(fā)揮調(diào)節(jié)免疫作用,F(xiàn)oxp3-expressing Breg表達(dá)Foxp3發(fā)揮調(diào)節(jié)免疫作用[11]。

隨著對(duì)調(diào)節(jié)性B細(xì)胞深入研究,目前人們已經(jīng)知道在人類CD19+CD24hiCD38hi Breg細(xì)胞是分泌IL-10的主要B淋巴細(xì)胞[13]。其在多種自身免疫性疾病如膠原誘導(dǎo)關(guān)節(jié)炎[14,15]、炎癥性腸病[16]、1型糖尿病[17]和實(shí)驗(yàn)性自身免疫性腦脊髓炎[18]中發(fā)揮著重要的免疫調(diào)節(jié)作用。

本研究發(fā)現(xiàn)SLE患者外周血CD19+CD24hiCD38hi Breg減少,活動(dòng)期SLE組外周血CD19+CD24hiCD38hi Breg細(xì)胞水平低于非活動(dòng)期SLE組,結(jié)果與文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道類似[5]。其減少機(jī)制尚不明確,有待進(jìn)一步研究。

CD19+CD24hiCD38hi Breg免疫負(fù)調(diào)節(jié)功能在SLE患者中可能發(fā)生改變。正常人CD40組成性表達(dá)于成熟B細(xì)胞。體外實(shí)驗(yàn)證實(shí)在CD40受刺激后,CD19+CD24hiCD38hiBreg分泌IL-10而抑制Thl細(xì)胞分化[6];抑制CD4+輔助性T細(xì)胞分泌干擾素(IFN-γ)和腫瘤壞死因子(TNF-α)的作用;通過TGF-β1使CD4+CD25-效應(yīng)T細(xì)胞轉(zhuǎn)化為 CD4+FoxP3+Tregs[19]。SLE患者外周血CD19+CD24hiCD38hi Breg對(duì)CD40的刺激反應(yīng)降低,分泌IL-10減少,缺乏正常人體內(nèi)這類細(xì)胞亞群的抑制作用[5,6]。

CD4+ T細(xì)胞過度活化刺激B淋巴細(xì)胞產(chǎn)生ANA、抗ds-DNA抗體等多種自身抗體是SLE重要發(fā)病機(jī)制[1]。CD19+CD24hiCD38hi Breg由于數(shù)量減少和功能變化,導(dǎo)致其免疫負(fù)調(diào)節(jié)功能受損,不能抑制CD4+ T細(xì)胞過度活化,可能參與SLE的發(fā)病過程。

本研究還發(fā)現(xiàn),SLE患者經(jīng)治療病情好轉(zhuǎn)后,外周血CD19+CD24hiCD38hiBreg細(xì)胞較前明顯上升,顯示其可能是病情好轉(zhuǎn)的一個(gè)觀察指標(biāo),值得進(jìn)一步研究。

綜上所述,SLE患者外周血CD19+CD24hiCD38hi Breg減少,可能起著免疫負(fù)性調(diào)節(jié)功能參與SLE發(fā)病,可能是觀察療效的指標(biāo),有待進(jìn)一步研究。

[參考文獻(xiàn)]

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[2] Pieterse E,Vlag VDJ. Breaking immunological tolerance in systemic lupus erythematosus[J].Frontiers in Immunology,2014,(5):164.

[3] Filatreau S,Sweenie CH,Mcgeachy MJ,et al. B cells regulate autoimmunity by provision of IL-10[J]. Nat Immunol,2002,3(10):944-950.

[4] Mauri C,Ehrenstein MR. The short history of regulatory B cells[J]. Trends Immuno, 2008,29(1):34-40.

[5] 蔡小燕,李欣穎,林小軍,等.調(diào)節(jié)性B細(xì)胞在系統(tǒng)性紅斑狼瘡患者外周血中的表達(dá)[J].中華醫(yī)學(xué)雜志,2015, 95(17):1310-1313.

[6] Blair PA,Norena LY,F(xiàn)lores BF,et al. CD19+CD24hiCD38hi B cells exhibit regulatory capacity in healthy individuals but are functionally impaired in systemic lupus erythematosus patients[J]. Immunity,2010,32(1):129-140.

[7] Hochberg MC. Updating the American college of rheumatology revised criteria for the classi cation of systemic lupus erythematosus[J]. Arthritis Rheum,1997,40(9):1725.

[8] Bombardier C,Gladman DD,Urowitz MB,et al. Derivation of the SLEDAI. A disease activity index for lupus patients. The committee on prognosis studies in SLE[J]. Arthritis Rheum,1992,35(6):630-640.

[9] Katzs S,Parker D,Turk JL.B-cell suppression of delayed hypersensitivity reactions[J]. Nature,1974,251(5475):550-551.

[10] Wolf SD,Dittel BN,Hardardottir F,et al.Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis induction in genetically B cell-deficient MICE[J]. J EXP MED,1996,184(6):2271-2278.

[11] Noh J,Choi WS,Noh G,et al. Presence of Foxp3-expressing CDl9(+)CD5(+) B cells in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells:Human CDl9(+) CD5(+) Foxp3(+) regulatory B cell(Breg)[J].Immune NETW,2010,10(6):247-249.

[12] Hsieh J,Williams P,Rafei M,et al. Inducible IL10+ suppressor B cells inhibit CNS inflammation and T helper 17 polarization[J]. Molecular Therapy,2012,20(9):1767-1777.

[13] Mauri C,Menon M.The expanding family of regulatory B cells[J]. International Immunology,2015,27(10):479-486.

[14] Manri C,Gray D,Mushtaq N,et al. Prevention of arthritis by interleukin 10-producing B cells[J]. J EXP MED,2003, 197(4):489-501.

[15] Yang M,Deng J,Liu Y,et al. IL-10-producing regulatory B10 cells ameliorate collagen-induced arthritis via suppressing Th17 cell Generation[J].Am J Pathol,2012, 180(6):2375-2385.

[16] MizoguchiI A,MiznguchiI E,Smith RN,et al. Suppressive role of B cells in chronic colitis of T cell receptor alpha mutant mice[J].J EXP Med,1997,186(10):1749-1756.

[17] Hussain S,Delovitch HL.Intravenous transfusion of BCR-Activated B cells protects NOD mice from type 1 diabetes in an IL-10-dependent manner[J]. J Immunol,2007, 179(11):7225-7232.

[18] Monica KM,Maresz K,Shriver LP,et al. B cell regulation of CD4+CD25+T regulatory cells and IL-10 via B7 is essential for recovery from experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis[J]. J Immunol,2007,178(6):3447-3456.

[19] Wang WW,Yuan XL,Chen H,et al. CD19+CD24hiCD38hiBregs involved in downregulate helper T cells and upregulate regulatory T cells in gastric cancer[J]. Oncotarget,2015,6(32):33486-33499.

(收稿日期:2018-06-22)

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系統(tǒng)性紅斑狼瘡誤診原因分析及防范措施
對(duì)于單身的偏見系統(tǒng)性地入侵了我們的生活?
中國驕傲,一起致敬!
伴脫發(fā)的頭皮深在性紅斑狼瘡并發(fā)干燥綜合征一例
系統(tǒng)性硬化病患者血漿D-dimer的臨床意義探討
系統(tǒng)性紅斑狼瘡并發(fā)帶狀皰疹的護(hù)理
論《文心雕龍·體性》篇的系統(tǒng)性特征
系統(tǒng)性紅斑狼瘡合并腦出血和腦梗死1例
時(shí)態(tài)的系統(tǒng)性研究
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