国产日韩欧美一区二区三区三州_亚洲少妇熟女av_久久久久亚洲av国产精品_波多野结衣网站一区二区_亚洲欧美色片在线91_国产亚洲精品精品国产优播av_日本一区二区三区波多野结衣 _久久国产av不卡

?

皮膚微囊腫性附屬器癌臨床病理觀察

2018-02-22 14:28李云園張曉云陳玲王延文
中國當代醫(yī)藥 2018年35期

李云園 張曉云 陳玲 王延文

[摘要]目的 探討皮膚微囊腫性附屬器癌(MAC)的臨床病理特點、診斷及治療,旨在提高對該病的認識。方法 對我院1例發(fā)生于左大腿的MAC進行病理形態(tài)學及免疫組化標記觀察,并復習相關文獻。結果 患者女性,48歲,臨床表現為左大腿部手術瘢痕周圍瘙癢。組織學表現為腫瘤通常見于真皮層內,部分浸潤到皮下組織,瘤細胞由基底樣細胞及鱗狀細胞組成的團塊、巢狀、條索狀或腺管樣結構,可見角質囊腫形成;瘤細胞團間為寬窄不一的纖維間隔,腺管樣結構管腔較小,內襯單層或雙層立方細胞,腔內含嗜伊紅均質狀物;細胞輕度異型,核染色質粗,可見小核仁。結論 皮膚MAC是一種向毛囊和汗腺分化的罕見低度惡性附屬器腫瘤,生長緩慢,有其獨特的組織形態(tài)和免疫表型。目前以手術完整切除為主要治療方法,術后密切隨訪。

[關鍵詞]癌;附屬器;微囊腫;左大腿;臨床病理

[中圖分類號] R739.5 [文獻標識碼] A [文章編號] 1674-4721(2018)12(b)-0004-04

[Abstract] Objective To explore clinical pathological characteristics, diagnosis and treatment of cutaneous microcystic adnexal carcinoma (MAC), in order to improve the awareness about the disease. Methods The pathological features and immunohistochemical markers of the patient with MAC in the left thigh treated in our hospital were observed, and the relevant literatures were reviewed. Results The patient was a female, 48 years old, who was itched around operation scar in the left thigh. Histologically, the tumor was located in the dermis and partially invaded to the subcutaneous tissue. The cells were demonstrated in clumps, nests, strips or glandular tubular structures which were composed of basal cells and squamous cells. Small keratinizing cysts were also observed. There was wide and narrow fibrous in mesenchyme. The glandular structures were composed of single-layer or double-layer cubic cells with the eosinophilic homogeneity in gland cavity. The cells were slightly heterogenous, with thick chromatin and small nucleoli. Conclusion MAC is a rare low-grade malignant adnexal carcinoma that mostly related to pilar and eccrine differentiation. It grows slowly with unique characteristic histology and immunophenotype. Currently the complete removal of the tumor is an optimal main therapy with closely follow-up after surgery.

[Key words] Carcinoma; Adnexal; Microcystic; Left thigh; Pathological characteristics

皮膚微囊腫性附屬器癌(Microcystic Adnexal Carcinoma,MAC)是汗腺癌的一種特殊亞型,又稱硬化性汗腺導管癌,好發(fā)于頭面部和頸部,臨床罕見,有向毛囊及汗腺雙分化的特點。自1982年Goldstein等[1]報道首例以來,目前個案報道僅300多例,國內相關文獻報道較少,國外文獻報道近年顯著增加[2]。由于對其認識不足,當組織病變表淺或活檢組織取材較小時,特別容易誤診為良性病變。若腫瘤發(fā)生于非典型部位,且生長緩慢、病程長,極易漏診,切除不徹底時可復發(fā),給患者造成嚴重后果,是臨床診斷的難點。本例患者發(fā)病于左大腿,通過形態(tài)學觀察及免疫組化輔助診斷,最終確診為MAC。其發(fā)病部位非常少見,現詳細報道該病例并復習相關文獻,探討其臨床病理特點、診斷、治療及預后等,以期進一步提高臨床對該病的認識與鑒別。

1資料與方法

1.1一般資料

患者女性,48歲。因左大腿部手術瘢痕周圍瘙癢2年,于2018年9月來我院就診?;颊?年前無明顯誘因左大腿出現1 cm×1 cm的包塊,于當地醫(yī)院行腫塊切除,手術順利,術后未做病理檢測,未復發(fā)。近2年來患者自覺左大腿部手術瘢痕周圍瘙癢。體格檢查:一般情況好,各系統(tǒng)檢查未見異常。實驗室檢查:血常規(guī)、肝腎功能未見異常。皮膚科檢查見左大腿部有長約5 cm的手術瘢痕,稍高出皮膚,膚色深紅,質地較軟,無觸痛及活動,無破潰及流膿。患者家族無類似病史,無放射線、化學物質等接觸史。病理診斷明確后半月再次行擴大切除術,患者出院時情況好。

1.2方法

送檢組織用4%中性甲醛液固定,常規(guī)石蠟包埋、切片、蘇木精-伊紅染色,進行形態(tài)學觀察;然后采用Max Vision兩步法做免疫組化,二氨基聯(lián)苯胺(Diaminobenzidine,DAB)顯色,進一步明確組織分化方向。所用抗體廣譜型細胞角蛋白CK(pan)(克隆號AE1/AE3)、癌胚抗原CEA(克隆號COL-1)、上皮特異性抗原Ep-CAM(克隆號Ber-EP4)均為即用型,均為鼠抗人單克隆抗體。所用抗體均購自福州邁新生物技術開發(fā)有限公司。

1.3觀察指標

觀察患者的臨床特點及巨檢、鏡檢、免疫組化特征。

2結果

2.1巨檢特征分析

帶皮膚組織一塊,大小3.0 cm×2.0 cm×1.2 cm,梭形皮膚3 cm×1.6 cm,表面灰黃色、皺縮,切面見一個1.2 cm×0.8 cm×0.6 cm的灰白結節(jié),質硬、界欠清,皮下脂肪組織厚0.5 cm。

2.2鏡檢特征分析

表皮大致正常,腫瘤通常見于真皮層內,可浸潤到皮下組織;瘤細胞由基底樣細胞和鱗狀細胞組成的團塊、巢狀、條索狀或腺管樣結構,部分團塊內見角質囊腫伴鈣化(圖1a);瘤細胞團間為寬窄不一的纖維間隔,腺管樣結構管腔較小,內襯1~2層立方形細胞,腔內含嗜伊紅均質狀物(圖1b);瘤細胞界限不清,輕度異型,核染色質粗,可見小核仁,核分裂象少見。

2.3免疫組化分析

CK(pan)(腫瘤性上皮成分+)、CEA(腺管樣結構+)、Ber-EP4(-)。病理診斷:(左大腿)微囊腫性附屬器癌(MAC)。

3討論

MAC是一種向毛囊、汗腺雙分化,有局部侵襲性的低度惡性腫瘤,通常發(fā)病于真皮層內,具有易向深部浸潤、少見淋巴結及遠處轉移的特征,有其獨特的臨床及病理形態(tài)特征。

3.1臨床特征

MAC多見于中老年人,女性略多于男性,好發(fā)于頭面部和頸部,多見于鼻唇部及眶周,偶可見于胸部、陰莖等部位[3-17]。臨床表現為硬性斑塊、局限性結節(jié)或囊樣結構,表面皮膚正常或萎縮或有鱗屑。通常無明顯臨床癥狀,腫瘤易浸潤皮下組織、肌肉及軟組織,偶累犯周圍神經,造成局部疼痛、麻木、燒灼感或感覺異常。目前MAC病因不明,危險因素可能與長期的紫外線照射、放射治療史、免疫抑制以及遺傳因素有關[18-19],有文獻報道,患者在切除胚胎性橫紋肌肉瘤放療后引發(fā)了微囊性附屬器癌[20]。本例是中年女性患者,6年前有左大腿腫物切除史,未做病理檢測,2年前出現手術瘢痕周圍瘙癢,現就診我院。

3.2組織學特征

本病的診斷主要依靠組織病理學檢查,主要特點包括:①表皮大致正常,腫瘤通常見于真皮層內,易浸潤到皮下組織、肌肉、軟組織及神經。②瘤細胞由基底樣細胞和鱗狀細胞組成團塊、巢狀、條索狀或腺管樣結構,部分團塊內見角質囊腫,越往深處角質囊腫越少。③腺管樣結構管腔較小,內襯1~2層立方形細胞,腔內含嗜伊紅均質狀物。④瘤細胞界限不清,輕度異型,核染色質粗,可見小核仁,核分裂象少見。⑤瘤細胞團間為寬窄不一的纖維間隔,常有玻璃樣變。本例具備典型的MAC組織學特征。

3.3免疫組化

瘤細胞索、腺管樣結構和角質囊腫CK(pan)陽性,表明瘤細胞系向毛發(fā)和汗腺分化;腺管樣結構CEA及上皮膜抗原EMA陽性,表明向汗腺方向分化;管腔內分泌物過碘酸希夫(Periodic Acid-Schif,PAS)染色陽性;瘤細胞增殖指數低,Ki67陽性細胞數<5%。

3.4鑒別診斷

MAC應與硬化性基底細胞癌、結締組織增生性毛發(fā)上皮瘤、促纖維增生性的鱗狀細胞癌、汗管瘤、乳頭狀小汗腺腺瘤、毛發(fā)腺瘤等鑒別。①硬化性基底細胞癌:基底樣瘤細胞呈小團或索狀鑲嵌在增生的結締組織中,無向導管分化的特點。MAC具有向毛囊和汗腺分化的特點。Ber-EP4陽性 、CKl5陰性可用于硬化性基底細胞癌輔助診斷。②結締組織增生性毛發(fā)上皮瘤:多見于青少年,組織學特征為真皮淺層內見角質囊腫、多角形細胞條索及明顯增生的膠原纖維。角質囊腫可伴鈣化,部分可向毛囊分化呈逗號樣結構,瘤細胞由嗜堿性基底樣細胞組成,束狀分布,膠原束間形成裂隙。CK15及EMA常陽性。③促纖維增生性的鱗狀細胞癌:腫瘤由鱗狀細胞組成團塊、巢狀或索狀,細胞異型明顯,核分裂像多見,纖維組織增生明顯。無MAC向毛囊、汗腺雙分化的特點。④汗管瘤:真皮淺層基底樣細胞形成的囊腔樣結構,腔內含無定形物質;特征性表現是一端呈導管狀,另一端為實體條索,形如逗號或蝌蚪狀。病變表淺的活檢組織鑒別困難,容易誤診。⑤乳頭狀小汗腺腺瘤:真皮中下部見囊腔及擴張的分枝狀管腔,周圍包繞致密的膠原纖維,伴慢性炎細胞浸潤,囊壁由2層立方形細胞組成,囊內有細小乳頭狀突起,細胞無明顯異型性[6]。⑥毛發(fā)腺瘤:位于真皮內,界清,實性瘤細胞團和多數角質囊腫嵌于纖維血管性間質內;囊壁主要由鱗狀上皮構成,有角化現象,可見顆粒層,囊內含有毳毛結構,破裂后可引起異物巨細胞反應。

3.5治療與預后

本病的治療方法有放療、手術切除和Mohs顯微外科手術(Mohs Micrographic Surgery,MMS),預后相對較好。一般以手術治療為主,術后可輔以放療,幾乎不主張化療;放療還用于老年人或不適宜手術患者[21]。本病切除不徹底可復發(fā),局部手術切除后的復發(fā)率是17%~60%,而MMS的復發(fā)率是12%[22]。MMS可通過冷凍切片分析,觀察到腫瘤邊緣,是最理想的治療方法。本例患者最初局部手術切除,待病理診斷明確后,及時與患者及家屬溝通,對腫瘤給予擴大切除術,目前在隨訪中。

[參考文獻]

[1]Goldstein DJ,Barr RJ,Cruz DJS.Microcystic adnexal carcinoma:a distinct clinicopathologic entity[J].Cancer,1982,50(3):566-572.

[2]Ohtsuka H,Nagamatsu S.Microcystic adnexal carcinoma:review of 51 Japanese patients[J].Dermatology,2002,204(3):190-193.

[3]林向飛,潘敏,朱曉芳.微囊腫性附屬器癌一例[J].中國麻風皮膚病雜志,2018,34(6):366-367.

[4]Jean-Jacques B,Michels JJ,Veyssiere A,et al.Microcystic adnexal carcinoma:a case report[J].Ann Pathol,2018,38(3):198-210.

[5]Fernandez-Flores A,Llamas-Velasco M,Saus C,et al.Microcystic adnexal carcinoma with sebaceous differentiation:Three cases[J].J Cutan Pathol,2018,45(4):1-4.

[6]Mukherjee B,Subramaniam N,Kumar K,et al.Microcystic adnexal carcinoma of the orbit mimicking pagetoid sebaceous gland carcinoma[J].Orbit,2018,37(3):235-237.

[7]Calderón-Castrat X,Román-Curto C,Santos-Briz A,et al.Microcystic adnexal carcinoma mimicking basal cell carcinoma[J].AAD Case Rep,2017,3(6):492-494.

[8]Gordon S,Fischer C,Martin A,et al.Microcystic adnexal carcinoma:a review of the literature[J].Dermatol Surg,2017, 43(8):1012-1016.

[9]Rohani P,Ramirez R,Maluf H,et al.Longstanding microcystic adnexal carcinoma in a child[J].Int J Dermatol,2017,56(7):782-783.

[10]Marchitelli C,Marchitelli C,Pasetti D,et al.Microcystic adnexal vulvar carcinoma:a case repor[J].J Low Genit Tract Dis,2017,21(1):e5-e7.

[11]Kang MS,Lee EJ,Kim JS,et al.Microcystic adnexal carcinoma of the nasal tip treated with surgical excision and rotational forehead skin flap[J].J Craniofac Surg,2016,27(8):e756-e758.

[12]Giambrone D,Salvaggio C,Victor FC,et al.Microcystic adnexal carcinoma detected by reflectance confocal microscopy[J].Dermatol Surg,2016,42(1):126-127.

[13]Mills AM,Policarpio-Nicholas ML,Agaimy A,et al.Sclerosing microcystic adenocarcinoma of the head and neck mucosa:a neoplasm closely resembling microcystic adnexal carcinoma[J].Head Neck,2016,10(4):501-508.

[14]Chen J,Yang S,Chen J,et al.Microcystic adnexal carcinoma in a non-Caucasian patient:a case report and review of the literature[J].Oncol Lett,2016,11(4):2471-2474.

[15]Fallaha A,Thuile T,Tappeiner L,et al.Misdiagnosed microcystic adnexal carcinoma on the lateral forehead and challenges in reconstruction of a large and bone-deep defect[J].J Dtsch Dermatol Ges,2016,14(1):86-89.

[16]Kühn C,Schnabl C,Rustemeyer J.Longtime undetected microcystic adnexal carcinoma of the scalp:considerations and implications[J].Oral Maxillofac Surg,2016,20(2):211-214.

[17]陸垚,馬泰,雷宇,等.陰莖根部微囊腫性附屬器癌1例[J].罕少疾病雜志,2011,18(6):49-50.

[18]Wetter R,Goldstein GD.Microcystic adnexal carcinoma:a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge[J].Dermatol Ther,2008, 21(6):452-458.

[19]Abbate M,Zeitouni NC,Seyler M,et al.Clinical course,risk factors,and treatment of microcystic adnexal carcinoma:a short series report[J].Dermatol Surg,2003,29(10):1035-1038.

[20]Antley CA,Carner M,Smoller BR.Microcystic adnexal carcinoma arising in the setting of previous radiation therapy[J].J Cutan Pathol,1999,26(1):48-50.

[21]Chaudhari SP,Mortazie MB,Blattner CM,et al.Treatments for microcystic adnexal carcinoma-A review[J].J Dermatolog Treat,2016,27(3):278-284.

[22]Yu Y,Finn DT,Rogers GS.Microcystic adnexal carcinoma:a rare,locally aggressive cutaneous tumor[J].Am J Clin Oncol,2010,33(2):196-197.